Common Keywords Research Articles

Maxillary Protraction: A Bibliometric Analysis

ObjectivesThe aim of this analysis was to investigate the historical development, current status, and research hot spots related to maxillary protraction in the treatment of maxillary hypoplasia. MethodsThe term “TS = maxillary protraction” was used to search for articles in the Web of Science Core Collection at the library of Capital Medical University. The results were analysed using CiteSpace6.2.R1 software, including the examination of annual publication trends and analysis of author, country, institution, and keywords. ResultsA total of 483 papers were included in this study. The annual publications showed an overall increasing trend. The top 5 authors with the most published papers were Lorenzo Franchi, Tiziano Baccetti, Seung-Hak Baek, Paola Cozza, and U Hagg. The top 5 countries with the highest publication counts were the US, Turkey, South Korea, Italy, and China. The top 5 institutions in terms of the number of published papers were the University of Florence, the University of Michigan, Kyung Hee University, Seoul National University, and Gazi University. The top 3 journals with the most citations were the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, and the European Journal of Orthodontics. Furthermore, “Maxillary protraction,” “Class III malocclusion,” and “Maxillary expansion” were the most common keywords. ConclusionsThe effective age range for maxillary protraction has been expanded with the introduction of skeletal anchorage and the combination of maxillary expansion and protraction. Skeletal anchorage offers significant advantages over dental anchorage, but there is a need for further research to further substantiate its stability and safety. In recent years, the positive effects of maxillary protraction on the nasopharyngeal area have been well established, but its impact on the oropharyngeal area remains a topic of debate. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct further investigations into the effects of maxillary protraction on the oropharyngeal area and explore the factors that influence different outcomes.

A scientometric study of chemical carcinogen-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis with emphasis on chemopreventive agents

Background/purpose4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue carcinoma and 7,12-dimethlybenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced cheek pouch carcinoma are the most common and classical chemical carcinogen-induced animal models of oral carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to provide the research trends and characteristics of 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis. Materials and methodsThe papers on both 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis were published since 1962. All the eligible papers were retrieved on 12 May 2023 from the Scopus database. ResultsThere were 506 and 349 papers on 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis with 10,152 and 6306 citations, respectively. The common distinctive keywords such as rat, tongue neoplasms, drinking water, tumor microenvironment, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were identified in the papers on 4NQO; and the common keywords such as hamster, cheek pouch, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, antioxidants, and topical drug administration were identified in the papers on DMBA. Importantly, 105 and 65 potential chemopreventive agents were identified from the papers on 4NQO and DMBA, respectively. Furthermore, 15 promising agents such as COX-2 inhibitor, curcumin, garlic were researched concurrently in both the two animal models. ConclusionThis study for the first time reports the scientometric characteristics of 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis. Importantly, we identify a valuable profile for oral cancer chemopreventive agents, which will aid researchers and investigators in studying oral cancer chemoprevention.

Examining Authorship Dynamics, Publication Patterns, and Affiliations in the Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (PJMHS) from 2009-2019

Introduction: The Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences have been peer-reviewed and is included in the Scopus-Elsevier database. This study represents (PJMHS)'s contribution to research productivity from 2019 to 2009. Methods and Materials: The published data records were obtained from the PJMHS website and the Scopus-Elsevier database for MS Office Excel Sheet tabulation. The frequency of publications, the type of papers, the use of pages, citations, and the initial author's affiliation with their country. Results: In 43 issues, 15401 (4%) authors wrote 3817 items in seven categories. The average number of pages consumed was (2.8%), with 896 (23.4%) citations in publications. The collaboration of three authors provided 1339 (36.6%) papers and received the top spot, while four authors, 3344 (21.7%), contributed 836 (22%). The first authors from 29 nations engaged in publications, with Pakistan leading the way with 3484 (91%), Iran second with 79 (2%), Indonesia third with 77 (2%), and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fourth with 65 (1.7%). Practical Implication: The information assess the influence and relevance of the research published in the Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. In nut-shell, the published data empowers readers to stay informed about the journal's publication trends, authorship patterns, and the breadth of content available. It enables researchers to identify potential collaborators, explore different document types, and gauge the impact of published articles through citation analysis. Conclusion: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences (PJMHS) is a peer-reviewed journal that is published continuously and assists medical and health sciences research communities in gaining their attention in sharing ideas on a reciprocal basis from similar specialties or sub-specialties of common disciplines Keywords: Bibliometric, Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan, medical education and research, bibliometric, Zameer Baladi.

Scopus based bibliometric and scientometric analysis of occupational therapy publications from 2001 to 2020

Background: Occupational therapy (OT) is one of the allied health professions, with its first journals in 1920. The main objective of this study was to find out the publication trend in the field of OT research for the period of 2001-2020 using the principles of bibliometrics and scientometrics. Methods: The data was retrieved from Scopus from the past 20 years (2001-2020). VOSviewer software was used to find year-wise publications in OT-specific and non-OT-specific Journals along with top journals, countries, organisations, authors, cited articles, and highly used keywords. Results: There was a steady growth of OT articles over the past 20 years. Scopus indexes 16 OT-specific journals are identified. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, British Journal of Occupational Therapy Journal, Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, and Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy are the leading publications and citations. A comparison of OT-specific and non-OT journals inferred that the OT-specific papers are three times more published in non-OT journals. There is a trend in publishing multidisciplinary medical journals than OT journals. The US publishes the most articles, followed by the UK, Australia, Canada, and Germany. Though the US alone produced a considerable number of articles (9517), only five organisations are listed in the top 20, compared to Canada (n=6) and Australia (n=5). Australia represents the highest number of published authors (n=11/20). Canada represents a highly cited author from the top-cited publications. The five common keywords used by OT-authors are "occupational therapy", “rehabilitation”, “stroke”, “physical therapy,” and “activities of daily living”. This study lists top-20 journals along with their CiteScore and Journal Impact Factor. Conclusions: This study will help the budding researchers in OT to select a suitable quality journal for publication and, further, helpful for research promotion, researcher incentivising, grant allocations, and policymakers in the OT field.

A bibliometric analysis of acute myocardial infarction in women from 2000 to 2022.

Plenty of publications had been written in the last several decades on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in women. However, there are few bibliometric analyses in such field. In order to solve this problem, we attempted to examine the knowledge structure and development of research about AMI in women based on analysis of related publications. The Web of Science Core Collection was used to extract all publications regarding AMI in women, ranging from January 2000 to August 2022. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, Cite Space, and an online bibliometric analysis platform. A total of 14,853 publications related to AMI in women were identified from 2000 to 2022. Over the past 20 years, the United States had published the most articles in international research and participated in international cooperation the most frequently. The primary research institutions were Harvard University and University of Toronto. Circulation was the most cited journal and had an incontrovertible academic impact. 67,848 authors were identified, among which Harlan M Krumholz had the most significant number of articles and Thygesen K was co-cited most often. And the most common keywords included risk factors, disease, prognosis, mortality, criteria and algorithm. The research hotspots and trends of AMI in women were identified and explored using bibliometric and visual methods. Researches about AMI in women are flourishing. Criteria and algorithms might be the focus of research in the near future, which deserved great attentions.

Global Trends in the Study of Smart Healthcare Systems for the Elderly: Artificial Intelligence Solutions

Smart healthcare systems have received increasing attention in recent years; however, a bibliometric analysis of the research on smart healthcare systems for the elderly is lacking. This study aimed to identify scientific results and emerging themes related to smart healthcare systems for older adults. Articles and reviews related to smart healthcare systems for older adults, published between 2013 and 2022, were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database using a keyword search. Data collected included the number of publications per year, country/region, institution, author, journal, reference, citation frequency, and keywords. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using the scientometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace, as well as the bibliometric online analysis platform. In total, 486 articles were retrieved. The number of papers in the field of smart healthcare systems research for older adults has increased every year since 2013. China and the US led in both the number of papers published and total citations. King Saud University was the most prolific institution, while Deen published the highest number of articles and had the highest number of citations. Papers related to smart healthcare systems for the elderly were mainly published in Sensors, IEEE Access, and Applied Sciences-Basel journals. The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that keywords related to ‘smart home’ appeared most frequently. The top ten common keywords were system, health, smart home, smart homes, Internet of Things, care, older adults, technology, healthcare, and people. The most recent keyword to gather attention was ‘artificial intelligence’. The research on smart healthcare systems for the elderly continues to increase steadily. China and the US maintain a leading position in the world, and institutions such as King Saud University have contributed significantly to the field of smart healthcare for older people. The smart home is the current research hotspot in the field of smart healthcare for older people, and artificial intelligence is likely to be the focus of research in the coming years. There is a need for greater collaboration between countries and institutions to help older people benefit from smart healthcare.

Rotating savings and credit associations: A scoping review

A Rotating Savings and Credit Association (ROSCA) is an informal cooperation strategy that has emerged in several parts of the world as a tool to increase the resilience and social development of individuals in underprivileged communities. This strategy has been widely studied for decades to recognize ROSCAs’ benefits, risks, and operation rules in several regions and countries. In this study, we conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA-ScR protocol to determine the most important recent findings about ROSCAs. First, we analyzed the location of the community being studied, methodological approaches, and most common keywords of the 96 articles included in the review. Second, we discussed the most significant conclusions of each article on topics such as the origin, participants, benefits, risks, operation, penalties, and structure of ROSCAs. Based on this review, we discuss how ROSCAs have provided benefits to their members that are not exclusively financial, how these schemes have evolved from traditional ones to strategies with improved structure, rules, and technological tools, and some key research opportunities to be addressed.

Bibliometric analysis of real-time PCR-based pathogen detection in plant protection research: a comprehensive study.

The discovery of RT-PCR-based pathogen detection and gene expression analysis has had a transformative impact on the field of plant protection. This study aims to analyze the global research conducted between 2001 and 2021, focusing on the utilization of RT-PCR techniques for diagnostic assays and gene expression level studies. By retrieving data from the 'Dimensions' database and employing bibliometric visualization software, this analysis provides insights into the major publishing journals, institutions involved, leading journals, influential authors, most cited articles, and common keywords. The 'Dimensions' database was utilized to retrieve relevant literature on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection. Fourteen distinct search queries were employed, and the resulting dataset was analyzed for trends in scholarly publications over time. The bibliometric visualization software facilitated the identification of major publishing journals, institutions, leading journals, influential authors, most cited articles, and common keywords. The study's search query was based on the conjunction 'AND', ensuring a comprehensive analysis of the literature. The analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of scholarly publications on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection over the years, indicating a growing interest and investment in research within the field. This finding emphasizes the importance of ongoing investigation and development, highlighting the potential for further advancements in knowledge and understanding. In terms of publishing journals, Plos One emerged as the leading journal, closely followed by BMC Genomics and Phytopathology. Among the highly cited journals were the European Journal of Plant Pathology, BMC Genomics, and Fungal Genetics and Biology. The publications with the highest number of citations and publications were associated with the United Nations and China. Furthermore, a network visualization map of co-authorship analysis provided intriguing insights into the collaborative nature of the research. Out of 2,636 authors analyzed, 50 surpassed the level threshold, suggesting active collaboration among researchers in the field. Overall, this bibliometric analysis demonstrates that the research on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection is thriving. However, there is a need for further strengthening using modern diagnostic tools and promoting collaboration among well-equipped laboratories. The findings underscore the significance of RT-PCR-based pathogen detection in plant protection and highlight the potential for continued advancements in this field. Continued research and collaboration are vital for enhancing knowledge, developing innovative diagnostic tools, and effectively protecting plants from pathogens.

Overview of infection control in nursing research in Korea over the last 10 years: Text network analysis and topic modeling

Background: With the emergence of new infectious diseases, infection control nursing (ICN) in hospitals has become increasingly significant. Consequently, research on ICN has been actively performed. We examined the knowledge structure and trends addressed in Korean ICN research. Methods: From 5 web-based Korean academic databases (DBpia, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, and RISS), 2,244 studies published between 2013 and 2022 were retrieved using ICN-related search terms (eg, “nurse” or “nursing” along with “infection control,” “infection prevention,” “healthcare-associated infection,” or “standard precautions”). After deleting duplicates, the authors assessed titles and abstracts and included 250 research abstracts in this study. Using NetMiner 4.4 software (Cyram, Seoul, Korea), words from abstracts of published articles were extracted and refined, then text network analysis and topic modeling were performed. A text network was structured based on the co-occurrence matrix of key words (semantic morphemes) and was analyzed to identify the main key words. Through topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, latent topics in the research abstracts were extracted. The authors verified the key words comprising the topic and the result of classifying the documents by topic and named topics. Results: The number of studies, which increased following the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2015, has declined over time but peaked in 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. The text network composed of the key words of the research abstracts was generated and visualized (Fig. 1). As a result of text network analysis, the 5 most common key words were ‘nurse,’ ‘infection control,’ ‘nursing care,’ ‘practice,’ and ‘perception’ in terms of degree and betweenness centrality. Other prominent main keywords were also identified: ‘knowledge,’ ‘compliance,’ ‘education,’ ‘intervention,’ ‘intention,’ and ‘safety.’ With the application of topic modeling to the research abstracts, 5 topics were derived and named as follows (Fig. 2): “infection control in nursing care for patient safety,” “infection control measures for healthcare personnel safety,” “burdens and obstacles for infection control among nurses,” “infection control for multidrug-resistant organisms,” and “knowledge, attitude, practice for infection control among nurses.” Conclusions: By applying text-network analysis and topic modeling, we obtained insights into Korean ICN research trends. To explore global ICN research trends, further study is necessary to analyze internationally published studies reflecting each country’s nursing work conditions.Disclosure: None

We Tabulated and Organized American Board of Neurological Surgeons Primary Exam Keywords (2015-2023) so You Don't Have to.

Background Passing the American Board of Neurological Surgeons (ABNS) Primary Exam is required for residents in training. Both the program directors and residents are given keywords of the exam afterward in the hope to help program directors determine their relative strengths and weakness.We have organized and tabulated these keywords for neurosurgery residents' benefit. Methodology We collected and analyzed ABNS Primary Exam keywords (2015-2023) in each of the exam's main categories for trends and recurrences. We examined the overall passing rates among first-time credit test takers. The frequency of each subcategory was calculated as a percentage within its corresponding category.Recurrent keywords were grouped together with their corresponding years and categorized as once, twice, or thrice and greater occurrences; the last category was considered to be high-yield keywords. Results The number of questions in Neurosciences and Neurology has decreased over the years while Neurosurgery and Critical Care questions have increased. Similarly, there are fewer keyword repeats in Neurosciences and Neurology. The most repeated keywords are in Neuroimaging. The most common keywords are presented and listed along with the years of occurrences.Overall, the passing rate among first-time credit test takers is over 90%. Conclusions Neurosurgery residents can consider the common keywords as a guide in preparation for the ABNS Primary Exam.

Evolutionary patterns and research frontiers in neoadjuvant immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis.

Research has shown that neoadjuvant immunotherapy may provide more significant clinical benefits to cancer patients undergoing surgery than adjuvant therapy. This study examines the development of neoadjuvant immunotherapy research using bibliometric analysis. As of 12 February 2023, articles on neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the Web of Science Core Collection were collected. Co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence analyses and visualizations were performed using VOSviewer, while CiteSpace was used to identify bursting keywords and references. The study analyzed a total of 1222 neoadjuvant immunotherapy publications. The top contributors to this field were the United States, China, and Italy, and the journal with the most publications was Frontiers in Oncology. Francesco Montorsi had the highest H-index. The most common keywords were 'immunotherapy' and 'neoadjuvant therapy'. The study conducted a bibliometric analysis of over 20 years of neoadjuvant immunotherapy research, identifying the countries, institutions, authors, journals, and publications involved in this field. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of neoadjuvant immunotherapy research.

CiteSpace-based visual analysis of hypothermia studies in surgical patients.

This study was conducted to understand the research hotspots, research trends and research frontiers for hypothermia in surgical patients and provide a reference for developing effective measures to reduce the incidence of hypothermia in these patients. Using CiteSpace software, a visual analysis of 1288 included articles related to hypothermia in surgical patients was performed. CiteSpace software is a Java application that supports knowledge research, data visualization and analysis of literature databases. The following data were retrieved: title, abstract, year, keywords, author, academic institution, journal and citations. The included literature was analysed using CiteSpace visualization software, knowledge mapping, collaborative network analysis, cluster analysis and highlighting keywords for visualization. A total of 1288 articles related to hypothermia in surgical patients were included, with the largest number of articles published in the United States (448), followed by in Germany (104) and China (102). The top three institutions, journals and authors were from the United States. The most common keywords were perioperative 'hypothermia', 'risk factors' and 'anesthesia'.

What's hot and why?

What's hot and why?

Knowledge mapping of exosomes in metabolic diseases: a bibliometric analysis (2007-2022).

Research on exosomes in metabolic diseases has been gaining attention, but a comprehensive and objective report on the current state of research is lacking. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications on "exosomes in metabolic diseases" to analyze the current status and trends of research using visualization methods. The web of science core collection was searched for publications on exosomes in metabolic diseases from 2007 to 2022. Three software packages, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R package "bibliometrix" were used for the bibliometric analysis. A total of 532 papers were analyzed, authored by 29,705 researchers from 46 countries/regions and 923 institutions, published in 310 academic journals. The number of publications related to exosomes in metabolic diseases is gradually increasing. China and the United States were the most productive countries, while Ciber Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red was the most active institution. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences published the most relevant studies, and Plos One received the most citations. Khalyfa, Abdelnaby published the most papers and Thery, C was the most cited. The ten most co-cited references were considered as the knowledge base. After analysis, the most common keywords were microRNAs, biomarkers, insulin resistance, expression, and obesity. Applying basic research related on exosomes in metabolic diseases to clinical diagnosis and treatment is a research hotspot and trend. This study provides a comprehensive summary of research trends and developments in exosomes in metabolic diseases through bibliometrics. The information points out the research frontiers and hot directions in recent years and will provide a reference for researchers in this field.

States and hotspots in Helicobacter pylori research from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.

Recently, numerous publications on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been published, but bibliometric analyses on this research field are scarce. To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview and to explore the current research states and hotspots in this field. Publications on H. pylori from 2002 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC). Trends in publications and citations were analyzed using Excel 2021. VOSviewer and Citespace were used to perform bibliometrics analysis. 36,266 publications on H. pylori were retrieved from the WoSCC database. In general, we observed an increasing trend in the number of publications over the past 20 years. The United States was the most productive and influential country, with the largest proportion of both publications and total citations. Helicobacter, US Department of Veterans Affairs, and Graham, David were the most productive journals, institutions and authors, respectively. Further analysis the co-occurrence and burst detection of keywords revealed that the most common keywords were "Helicobacter pylori," "gastric cancer," and "gastritis," all keywords were divided into eight main clusters, and the most important current research hotspot was the relationship between H. pylori infection and the changes of gut microbiota. The United States has been the most productive and influential country on H. pylori research, and H. pylori-related research remains an active research field. The relationship between H. pylori infection and the changes of gut microbiota is a research hotspot attracting significant attention.

Recent trends of potential medicinal uses of rice bran with its composition and bibliographic analysis

AbstractRice is an essential crop, growing in nearly every part worldwide. Grains are the most common rice plant part consumed as food; however, other plant parts also have some significant values apart from grains. Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, an excellent source of various phenolic, flavonoid, and phytoactive compounds. This review article discusses the various compounds found in rice bran with their structure and properties. Different medicinal properties of rice bran are also discussed in this review article. Several constituents of rice bran show anticancerous activity through various mechanisms like cell cycle arrest and regulation of apoptotic factors. Anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and cholesterol‐lowering are the other activities of rice bran, briefly explained in the article, along with their mechanism of action. A bibliographic network, including keyword bibliography analysis and a three‐field plot, has also been discussed to show the trends and network of common keywords in the recently published documents in the Scopus database. Overall, this review explores the rice bran compositions with their structures, activity, and various medicinal uses of rice bran, which can be proven an efficient oil source for nutritional purposes.

Current knowledge concerning distribution of freshwater planktonic, littoral and benthic Rotifera and microcrustacea (Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda) in Central America and the Caribbean

Central America and the Caribbean, at the northern limit of the Neotropical region, is made up of a narrow strip of land and numerous islands, with a complex geological history, represents an important biogeographic connection between North and South America and contains diverse freshwater environments, including high mountain and lowlands lakes and wetlands. We examined literature reports and databases for freshwater planktonic, benthic and littoral Rotifera and microcrustacea distribution in the area in order to update, unify and summarize disparate information that has accumulated since Collado et al.’s initial contribution in 1984 that listed 369 specific and infraspecific taxa. We used the most common databases and keywords to locate papers on Rotifera, Cladocera, Ostracoda and Copepoda and found 457 new records from more than 200 study sites that list 92 genera and 782 species, as well as over 30 infraspecific taxa, for the region. These included 84%, 53%, 37% and 21% respectively, of known neotropical species of these groups. Analysis using the Sorensen-Dice Similarity Index showed high heterogeneity in species composition for the area and hierarchical clustering suggests three groups for the Caribbean islands. Lack of resources has hindered the formal publication of research. We conclude that a collaborative effort is needed to produce scientists capable of combining taxonomic information with ecological studies to enhance understanding of anthropogenic impacts on water resources.

EDITORIAL SCOPE – WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING

The present editorial scope of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science, and Technology (JCEST) emphasizes one of the main disciplines of civil engineering: waste management and recycling. Waste management studies provide insights into new waste management techniques, such as recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy technologies, all of which are essential in reducing the volume of waste in landfills. In this brief editorial paper, information is gathered from the freely-accessible Scopus database to identify common keywords found in published papers related to waste management and recycling in the past decade. Based on the analysis, “waste” is found to be the top keyword in articles published on this topic in JCEST. The primary aim of this exercise is to provide researchers with a brief guide to explore the latest knowledge and advancements in waste management and recycling, in safeguarding the cleanliness and safety of our environment.

Knowledge and Awareness of Community People on Dengue Fever Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Pakistan has been suffering from epidemics of dengue infection in last two decades. One of the reasons of yearly high number of cases is due to lack of awareness and knowledge about prevention of dengue infection. The current study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of dengue infection common population of Karachi. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out over a period of three months. First section comprised of demographic characteristics of participants, section two comprised of 7- items about the knowledge of dengue infection, while section three comprised of 5- items related to awareness and perception of dengue infection among participants. Results: A total of 201 participants were enrolled in the study with mean age of 26.9 years. Female participants were more as compared to male participants. Most of the participants belonged to low- or middle-income socio-economic status and had no history of dengue infection in the past. Less than half (39.8%) participants responded correctly that dengue mosquito breed in stagnant clean water. Around three-fourth population think that the chances of bite of mosquito is more in night time or dusk as compared to correct option of dawn. Around 37.3% participants were unaware that there is no vaccine available for the prevention or treatment of dengue infection. Around 30% respondents responded that antibiotics can be used for the treatment of dengue infection. Conclusion: The level of knowledge in the current study was observed to low as compared to the previous studies. The level of awareness and knowledge among common population needs to be improved among common population Keywords: Dengue, Knowledge, Awareness, Mosquito, Perception

American Legal Realism and the Revitalization of Literary Realist History

American Legal Realism and the Revitalization of Literary Realist History