Common Items Research Articles

Development and validation of a questionnaire about reasons for academic cheating by nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Cheating behavior is spreading among nursing students worldwide, necessitating the development of a validated questionnaire evaluating the reasons for such behavior. Nursing students (N = 482) from 2 universities in Saudi Arabia participated in this observational study. A survey containing items on socio-demographics and the 33-item Reasons for Cheating Scale (RCS) was completed by the respondents. The RCS had a 1-factor structure; the model fit indices were similar between the 1-, 2-, and 3-factor models, but the inter-factor correlations were too high for the 2- and 3-factor models. The measures of the quality of the factor score estimates were as follows: factor determinacy index, 0.987; expected a posteriori marginal reliability, 0.974; sensitivity ratio, 6.178; and expected percentage of true differences, 97.3%. The measures of the closeness to unidimensionality for the overall RCS were as follows: unidimensional congruence, 0.957; explained common variance, 0.875; and mean item residual absolute loading, 0.223. The intraclass correlation coefficient and McDonald's omega were 0.96 (CI: 0.93-0.98) and 0.962 (95% CI: 0.958-0.967), respectively. The severity score, infit, and outfit ranged from -0.847 to -2.015, 0.813 to 1.742, and 0.837 to 1.661, respectively. For all RCS items, the thresholds ranked τi1 < τi2 < τi3 < τi4 and showed invariance between the sexes. The RCS showed robust psychometric validity for both classical and item response theory parameters. It also had excellent test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item discrimination, factorial validity, measurement invariance, and ordered threshold level for the responses. Therefore, the RCS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cheating behavior among nursing students.

The use of household items to support online surgical knot-tying skills training: a mixed methods study

BackgroundThis study investigated the perceptions and performance of medical students regarding their engagement and learning of a knot-tying skill presented in an online demonstration format due to the emergency remote measures that accompanied COVID-19 restrictions.MethodsFinal-year undergraduate medical students were invited to view an online demonstration of a one-handed knot-tying skill and practice the skill using common household items. They recorded their attempts and uploaded them onto the Flipgrid application. Completed attempts were scored using an adapted Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) validated tool. We used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design; data regarding students’ engagement was gathered via a short questionnaire, and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to understand their learning experiences better. Descriptive statistics such as proportions and percentages were used to summarize categorical variables and median for continuous variables. Each video attempt was scored independently by two surgeons; reliability was determined using intraclass correlation; statistical tests were conducted at a 5% level of significance. Responses to open-ended survey questions and qualitative data from the FGDs were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSeventy-one students participated in the exercise. Most students (91.5%) expressed confidence in their ability to perform the skill and were able to follow the steps in the video demonstration (83.1%). Median number of times needed to practice before video submission was 7.0 (Interquartile range [IQR] 5.0–10.0). Using the adapted OSATS tool; median scores on student attempts were 19.0 out of 21 (IQR: 17.0–20.0) for Assessor 1 and 18.0 out of 21 (IQR: 17.0–20.0) for Assessor 2, and overall scores showed good reliability between assessors based on intraclass correlation (0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.90, p < 0.001). Qualitative insights from the students’ experiences in learning the skill were generally positive; it was a practical, experiential learning process and they valued the social aspects of learning via Flipgrid. Challenges expressed related to the need for in-person training and formal feedback on how to improve their technique. Suggestions to improve their learning included a request for an interactive session with immediate feedback on attempts, and being able to practice with a friend who would assist with videoing.ConclusionBasic knot-tying can be taught with acceptable efficiency and student satisfaction using online methods with items available at home.

Controlling stimulus ambiguity reduces spurious creative ideation variance in a cyclic adaptation of the alternative uses task

In the alternative uses task (AUT), a well-established creativity assessment, participants propose alternative uses for common items (e.g., a brick) within a 2–3 min timeframe. While idea evaluation is likely involved, the emphasis is strongly on idea generation. Here, we test the value of presenting a word overlapping an image compared to a word only prompt, and we introduce a cyclic adaptation of the AUT explicitly calling on participants to choose their best idea. In Experiment 1, as compared to word only, word + image prompts increased idea fluency but reduced idea originality and variability within a group of native Polish speakers. Thus, word + image prompts improve AUT baselining. In Experiment 2, different participants produced as many ideas as possible within two minutes (List) or their single best idea at the end of each of three 30 s ideation cycles (Cycle). Although originality did not differ between List and Cycle overall, the first three ideas in List were rated as less creative than the ideas in Cycle. Overall, we conclude that using disambiguating images reduces spurious interindividual variability in the AUT while introducing idea evaluation in the task allows us to assess creativity beyond idea generation.

Geographical Indicators as Tools of Economic Development

A geographical indication (GI) defines a product as being from a certain place, when the product’s quality, reputation, or other attributes are largely related to its location. GI is a collective property, not a private one. It can be registered by an organisation representing the interests of a group of people in practically all nations. GIs helps in achieving and boosting rural development, environmental sustainability, consumer awareness and many other aspects. GIs are especially beneficial to agricultural product producers since they allow them to differentiate their products from common commodity items such as rice, coffee and tea, allowing them to get market access. A sturdy GI ecosystem has numerous advantages. It will automatically address the three contentious issues faced by India—poor pay for talent, low female labour force participation and urban migration. On the evolution side, some GIs have resulted in improved and superior uniqueness of rural employment.

Cross-informant ratings on emotional and behavioral problems in Nepali adolescents: A comparison of adolescents' self-reports with parents' and teachers' reports.

Studies on cross-informant agreement on adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) are sparse in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess parent-adolescent and teacher-adolescent agreement on EBPs and associated factors in Nepal. This cross-sectional survey included 1904 school-going adolescents aged 11-18, enrolled in government and private schools located in sixteen districts of Nepal. The Nepali versions of the Youth Self Report, Child Behavior Checklist, and Teacher's Report Form were administered to assess EBPs reported by adolescents, their parents, and teachers, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to assess mean differences in problem scores. Pearson's correlation was used to assess cross-informant agreement. Linear regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with cross-informant discrepancies in EBPs. Adolescents reported significantly more problems than their parents and teachers. Mean Total Problem scores for the 90 common items in the adolescents' self-reports, parent reports, and teacher reports were 34.5 (standard deviation [SD]: 21.4), 24.1 (SD = 19.2), and 20.2 (SD = 17.5) respectively. Parent-adolescent agreement on Total Problems was moderate, whereas teacher-adolescent agreement was low. The parent-adolescent agreement was moderate to low for the two broadband scales and all syndrome scales, whereas the teacher-adolescent agreement was low for all scales. Female gender and ethnic minority status impacted both parent-adolescent and teacher-adolescent discrepancies. Family stress/conflicts impacted parent-adolescent discrepancies, while academic performance impacted teacher-adolescent discrepancies. Nepali adolescents reported more EBPs than their parents and teachers. The agreement between adolescents' self-reports and reports by their parents and teachers was moderate to low. Gender, caste/ethnicity, family stress/conflicts, and academic performance were associated with cross-informant discrepancies. It is crucial to collect information from different sources, consider context-specific needs, and discern factors influencing cross-informant discrepancies to accurately assess adolescents' EBPs and develop personalized approaches to treatment planning.

Inference of dynamic hypergraph representations in temporal interaction data.

A range of systems across the social and natural sciences generate data sets consisting of interactions between two distinct categories of items at various instances in time. Online shopping, for example, generates purchasing events of the form (user, product, time of purchase), and mutualistic interactions in plant-pollinator systems generate pollination events of the form (insect, plant, time of pollination). These data sets can be meaningfully modeled as temporal hypergraph snapshots in which multiple items within one category (i.e., online shoppers) share a hyperedge if they interacted with a common item in the other category (i.e., purchased the same product) within a given time window, allowing for the application of hypergraph analysis techniques. However, it is often unclear how to choose the number and duration of these temporal snapshots, which have a strong influence on the final hypergraph representations. Here we propose a principled nonparametric solution to this problem by extracting temporal hypergraph snapshots that optimally capture structural regularities in temporal event data according to the minimum description length principle. We demonstrate our methods on real and synthetic data sets, finding that they can recover planted artificial hypergraph structure in the presence of considerable noise and reveal meaningful activity fluctuations in human mobility data.

Feasibility Telerehabilitation at Home on Body Composition, Anthropometric Measures and Muscular Strength After Interruption 4-5 Years of Spinal Cord Injury: Serial Cases Study on Islamic State of Iraq and Syria War Survivors in Iraq.

Introduction: The war caused huge devastation to rehabilitation centers in Mosul City, leading to a significant gap in rehabilitation services, which was further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: We sought to incorporate simple and safe clinical exercises by utilizing common household items, thereby maximizing effectiveness through a combination of psychological simulation and physical impact while ensuring safety, and evaluate its efficacy as a home telerehabilitation program (HTRP) for participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) following a 4- to 5-year rehabilitation interruption. Methods: Eighteen volunteers, including 13 with SCI (injuries sustained 53.4-55 months prior), were split into an experimental group (Exp., n = 8), a first control group (first Con., n = 5), and a second control group of healthy individuals (second Con., n = 5), averaging 21.2 years old. The HTRP focused on muscles and whole-body joints, conducted with five weekly sessions gradually increasing from 45 to 120 min, with sufficient rest. Assessments occurred every 3 months. Results: The Friedman test indicated no significant effect of HTRP on weight, body mass index, 3 of 4 anthropometric measures, and 4 of 19 muscle strength tests, p > 0.05, and small effect sizes (ES). However, significant effects were observed in pelvic strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.73), exceeding control groups (first Con. 1.6%, second Con. 1.0%). Muscle strength in the lower extremities, head, and trunk showed significant improvements (p < 0.05, ES = 18.3-81.8%), it is indicating functional enhancement despite morphological weaknesses, particularly in individuals with SCI. Conclusion: The HTRP demonstrated weak effects on muscle morphology but strong effects on functionality, highlighting its potential for long-term management and improvement of muscle functional outcomes in individuals with SCI, even after prolonged rehabilitation interruptions.

Physical, Nutritional, Textural and Sensory Properties of Wheat Bread Supplemented with Soybean: Finger Millet and Flax Seeds flour

Two-third population of the world is under-nourished, and lack in required quantity of minerals and proteins. United Nations launched 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of which SDG-3 is “health and well-being” to improve the position of malnutrition worldwide. Proteins are essential to human health and in post-covid-19 era, plant proteins production industry is booming to meet the demand of enhanced requirement of vegetative proteins by consumers. Proteins Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of soy protein is 1.00 which is closer to some of the proteins from animal sources. Soy proteins contain balanced amounts of essential amino acids except sulfuric-amino acids like methionine. The blended flour contained equal quantities of soybeans, finger millet, and flax seeds and was added at varying proportions (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) with refined wheat flour for fortification purpose. The comprehensive evaluation encompassed nutritional, sensory, and physical attributes of the resulting multigrain bread when compared with a control loaf made exclusively from wheat flour. The bread fortified with a 10% composite flour mixture exhibited properties equivalent to the control bread across parameters such as expansion, specific volume, color, and crumb hardness but with enhanced nutritional value. The data revealed that supplementation of bread with 10% composite flour blend led to a discernible increase in levels of dietary fiber and proteins. We may safely conclude that the incorporation of a well-balanced composite flour blend, comprising soybeans, finger millet, and flax seeds, at 10% level offers a promising avenue to fortify wheat flour bread with enhanced nutritional content that may be helpful in improving the nutritional status of people as a part of Sustainable Development Goals of UN as the bread is a common food item of the poor also. Objective: Bread is the common food of all people throughout the world and wheat flour the most abundant component that contain high quantity of gluten and is deficient in balanced nutrients. The purpose of this study was to develop highly nutritious multi-grain bread to fight with malnutrition as a part of Sustainable Development Goal-3 of UN. Methodology: Composite flour containing equal amounts of soybean, finger millet and flax seed was prepared. The bread was prepared using different combinations of wheat flour with 10, 15, 20 and 25% composite flour. Physio-chemical and sensory properties of wheat flour (control) and different combinations with composite flour were measured using standard parameters and protocol. Results: The nutritional, sensory, and physical attributes of the multigrain bread when compared with a control wheat flour loaf, revealed that the bread fortified with a 10% composite flour mixture possessed similar expansion, specific volume, color, and crumb hardness with that of control wheat flour bread but showed enhanced nutritional value. The data further revealed that the supplementation of bread with 10% composite flour blend led to a discernible increase in levels of dietary fiber and proteins. These augmented nutritional components may contribute to the overall health benefits of multigrain bread.

The role of dietary preferences in osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study using genome-wide association analysis data from the UK Biobank.

To understand the impact of individual preferences for specific dietary items on OA, and to help inform the development of effective and targeted OA prevention and management strategies, we performed a Mendelian randomization analysis between dietary preferences and osteoarthritis. This study utilized genetic data from the UK Biobank to investigate the association between OA and 21 different common dietary items. Instrumental variables representing European populations were carefully selected based on their genetic significance and linkage disequilibrium. In cases where a dietary item had few relevant genetic markers, a more lenient selection threshold was applied. To prevent bias, the analysis excluded single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with factors such as body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol. Using inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and Mendelian randomization, significant associations were detected between certain dietary items and OA. Using Mendelian randomization to examine the relationship between 21 different dietary items and OA, significant associations were found for coffee, peas, watercress, and cheese, where the first two had a promoting effect and the last two an inhibiting effect on OA. Due to heterogeneity in the test results for cheese, a random IVW representation was used. The results of sensitivity analysis showed no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy in the selected SNPS, demonstrating the reliability of Mendelian randomization analysis. This study identified coffee, peas, watercress, and cheese as food items that may have significant dietary effects on osteoarthritis. This information may be useful to consider in the development of OA management strategies.

Food and feeding strategies of the green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus, in southeastern India

Abstract Observations and analysis of the food and feeding habits of penaeid shrimp are decisive for understanding food webs and ecological processes. Published information on the feeding habits of the green shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatusDe Haan, 1844, from Indian waters, however, dates back four decades, despite the fact that green tiger shrimp is one of the important shrimp species that forms a unique fishery in Palk Bay, on the southeastern India. Hence, its dietary preferences were analysed concerning sex, season, gonad maturity, and size. The species preyed on were composed of diversified components, with mollusc remains being the most common food item in females, followed by crustacean remains, whereas in males, the crustacean remains were the most common food items followed by mollusc remains. There was no significant difference in the gastrosomatic index of females and gonadal maturity stages among seasons, but a significant difference among size groups. In males, there was no significant difference among seasons, gonadal maturity, and size groups. Females were more active feeders than males, and the difference could be seen in their size groups. Larger groups fed more actively than smaller groups. Feeding was more active in the post-monsoon and summer monsoon seasons. Penaeus semisulcatus dominates the ecosystem among the shrimp species due to its carnivorous behaviour. The observations made in this study form key inputs for trophic modelling and ecosystem-based studies, which could help develop suitable strategies for managing the shrimp resource in Palk Bay.

A prescription for efficiency: optimizing the surgical item inventory management practices in a healthcare facility

PurposeThe primary objective of this article is to examine current procurement, inventory control and management practices in modern healthcare, with a particular focus on the procurement and management of surgical supplies in a prominent public, highly specialized healthcare sector.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted in three phases. In Phase 1, the study team interacted with various hospital management stakeholders, including the surgical hospital store, examined the current procurement process and identified challenges. Phase 2 focused on selecting items for a detailed study and collected the qualitative and quantitative details of the store department of the healthcare sector chosen. A detailed study analyzed revenue, output/demand, inventory levels, etc. In Phase 3, a decision-making framework is proposed, and inventory control systems are redesigned and demonstrated for the selected items.FindingsIt was observed that the demand for many surgical items had increased significantly over the years due to an increase in disposable/disposable items, while inventories fluctuated widely. Maximum inventory levels varied between 50 and 75%. Storage and availability were important issues for the hospital. It is assumed the hospital adopts the proposed inventory control system. In this case, the benefits can be a saving of 62% of the maximum inventory, 20% of the average stock in the system and optimal use of storage space, improving the performance and productivity of the hospital.Research limitations/implicationsThis study can help the healthcare sector administration to develop better systems for the procurement and delivery of common surgical items and efficient resource allocation. It can help provide adequate training to store staff. This study can help improve management/procurement policies, ordering and delivery systems, better service levels, and inventory control of items in the hospital business context. This study can serve as a pilot study to further investigate the overall hospital operations.Practical implicationsThis study can help the healthcare sector administration develop better systems for procuring and delivering common surgical items and efficient resource allocation. It can help provide adequate training to store staff. This study can help improve management/procurement policies, ordering and delivery systems, better service levels and inventory control of items in the hospital business context. This study can serve as a pilot study to further investigate the overall hospital operations.Originality/valueThis study is an early attempt to develop a decision framework and inventory control system from the perspective of healthcare inventory management. The gaps identified in real hospital scenarios are investigated, and theoretically based-inventory management strategies are applied and proposed.

Enhancing cross-market recommendations by addressing negative transfer and leveraging item co-occurrences

Real-world multinational e-commerce companies, such as Amazon and eBay, serve in multiple countries and regions. Some markets are data-scarce, while others are data-rich. In recent years, cross-market recommendation (CMR) has been proposed to bolster data-scarce markets by leveraging auxiliary information from data-rich markets. Previous CMR algorithms have employed techniques such as sharing market-agnostic parameters or incorporating inter-market similarity to optimize the performance of CMR. However, the existing approaches have several limitations: (1) They do not fully utilize the valuable information on item co-occurrences obtained from data-rich markets (such as the consistent purchase of mice and keyboards). (2) They ignore the issue of negative transfer stemming from disparities across diverse markets. To address these limitations, we introduce a novel attention-based model that exploits users’ historical behaviors to mine general patterns from item co-occurrences and designs market-specific embeddings to mitigate negative transfer. Specifically, we propose an attention-based user interest mining module to harness the potential of common items as bridges for mining general knowledge from item co-occurrence patterns through rich data derived from global markets. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of negative transfer, we decouple the item representations into market-specific embeddings and market-agnostic embeddings. The market-specific embeddings effectively model the inherent biases associated with different markets, while the market-agnostic embeddings learn generic representations of the items. Extensive experiments conducted on seven real-world datasets illustrate our model’s effectiveness.11Our codes and checkpoints are available at https://github.com/laowangzi/ACMR. Our model outperforms the suboptimal model by an average of 4.82%, 6.82%, 3.87%, and 5.34% across four variants of two metrics. Extensive experiments and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model in mining general item co-occurrence patterns and avoiding negative transfer for data-sparse markets.

Parent-patient Discrepancies in the Quality of Life Assessment of Early-onset Scoliosis: A Comparison Between 2 Questionnaires Completed on 2 Different Time Points - A Preliminary Report.

EOSQ-24 is a parent proxy questionnaire designed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) patients during their childhood years. EOSQ-SELF, a novel self-reported questionnaire, assesses HRQoL in older children (>8y) and adolescents. So far, the same group of EOS patients has not been evaluated with both EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the same pathology was reflected in the parent and patient at different time points by comparing the answers to the common questions between EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF. A group of otherwise healthy EOS patients whose parents filled out EOSQ-24 at the early phase of growth-friendly treatment was re-tested by the EOSQ-SELF questionnaire at the end of treatment. Both EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF are validated in Turkish. Inclusion criteria were patients with EOS, independent ambulation, age of 8 years or older at EOSQ-SELF enrollment, literacy in Turkish, no apparent intellectual impairment, and a minimum of 24 months after graduation. The common questions between the 2 surveys with nearly identical phrasings were extracted. Common items from the 2 tests were compared with a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Twenty-one patients (15 females, 6 males) who previously filled out EOSQ-24 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the group was 10 (5 to 16) years at EOSQ-24 participation and 18 (13 to 24) at the final analysis. Fourteen questions were found common in 10 domains. The scores were significantly different in 5 questions of 4 domains. EOSQ-SELF had significantly less favorable scores in the pain/discomfort, pulmonary function, and fatigue/energy level domains. Scores in the parental burden/relationships domain were significantly higher (P<0.05). The self-reported group had a general trend of worse results. Parents and caregivers may not accurately perceive the problems of EOS patients. Our findings indicate a disconnect between caregivers and the patients, as both parties underreported the other side in some domains. These findings suggest the challenges faced by EOS patients are not adequately reflected on proxy questionnaires that assess the HRQoL of children. Diagnostic Level I.

The Impact of Non-Effortful Responding on Item and Person Parameters in Item-Pool Scaling Linking

ABSTRACT Low test-taking effort of examinees has been considered a source of construct-irrelevant variance in item response modeling, leading to serious consequences on parameter estimation. This study aims to investigate how non-effortful response (NER) influences the estimation of item and person parameters in item-pool scale linking (IPSL) and whether differential NER for two groups has a different effect on parameter estimation under the equivalent and non-equivalent group designs. Three simulation studies and an empirical study were conducted to answer these research questions. Results show that NER on items in a certain item set (e.g. common new items, exclusive new items) have a dominant negative effect on parameter estimation of items from the same item set, while NER on items from the item pool would seriously impact the accuracy of ability parameters. Discussions and recommendations for item set orders are provided.

ICF Core-Set Autism Brief 기반 자폐성장애 영유아 언어 행동 평가 도구 개발에 대한 델파이 조사*

The purpose of this study is to develop a verbal behavior assessment tool for asd children using ICF Core Set-Autism Children Brief and verify the validity. Two rounds of Delphi survey on validity of items from IICF Core Set-Autism Children Brief was undertaken by 9 panels who are professionals in applied behavior analysis. As a result, 22 items were identified to be suitable among 48 items. For developmental level suitability, pre-talking and watching were the most suitable items for pre-listener level and listener level and speaker level were found to share common items such as memory function, intellectual function, pay attention, overall psychosocial functions. We discussed about implications that verbal behavior assessment tool for asd children should consider based on the results.

The Effect of the Ratio of Common Items and the Separation of Grade Distributions on the Precision of Vertical Scaling

The Effect of the Ratio of Common Items and the Separation of Grade Distributions on the Precision of Vertical Scaling

Diet of the raccoon dog, an invasive mesopredator, during the breeding season of declining waterbird populations

Invasive predators are one of the leading causes of global biodiversity loss, threatening local ecosystems through predation and spreading diseases. In Europe, the most common and widespread invasive mesopredator is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Raccoon dog is an opportunistic omnivore listed as a species of European Union concern, as they are suspected of harming ground-nesting waterbird populations. However, the actual extent of risks caused by raccoon dog predation has been disputed, partly due to methodological constraints in detecting all prey in the diet. Here, we studied the animal components of raccoon dog diet using DNA metabarcoding, a powerful tool to detect even the smallest traces of ingested food items. We sequenced genes 12S rRNA and COI from raccoon dog scat samples collected during the breeding season of birds close to water bodies in southern Finland. We also examined whether the occurrence of different dietary items would depend on the habitat around the latrine. We found that frogs were the most common vertebrate food item in raccoon dog diet during spring. The proportion of detected bird material was not higher compared to earlier studies, despite the potential to detect DNA originating from eggs. The proportion of fish in the diet increased with increasing water area around the latrine, but no other relationships between diet and habitat were found. We conclude that even though raccoon dogs predate on waterbirds’ and other ground nesting birds’ nests, they do not seem to be specialized on it in our study areas. However, declining waterbird populations and, in particular, local amphibian populations could be negatively impacted by raccoon dog predation.

Mining the High Dimensional Biological Dataset Using Optimized Colossal Pattern with Dimensionality Reduction

Recent years have seen a lot of attention paid to the mining of enormous item sets from high-dimensional databases. Small and mid-sized data sets take a long time to mine with traditional algorithms since they don’t include the complete and relevant info needed for decision making. Many applications, particularly in bioinformatics, benefit greatly from the extraction of (FCCI) Frequent Colossal Closed Itemsets from a large dataset. In order to extract FCCI from a dataset, present preprocessing strategies fail to remove all extraneous characteristics and rows from the data set completely. In addition, the most current algorithms for this kind are sequential and computationally expensive. A high-dimensional dataset is pruned of all extraneous characteristics and rows using two alternative dimensionality reduction strategies presented in this paper. Then, an optimal feature value is identified by using Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) to identify the threshold value for reduced features. It is designed to discover common items and build association rules if the feature value is smaller than the frequency mining algorithm (IFRS) in conjunction with the Fruit fly Algorithm (FFA). If the feature value exceeds the optimal threshold, then optimized Length restrictions can be used to solve the CP mining problem (LC). Random search is utilized to identify the optimal threshold values of the restrictions and extract the enormous pattern using the Differential Evolutionary Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm. The experiments are carried on twenty biological datasets that us extracted from UCI websites and validated the proposed models in terms of various metrics.

Consumers confused 'Where to dispose biodegradable plastics?': A study of three waste streams.

Biodegradable plastics, either fossil- or biobased, are often promoted due to their biodegradability and acclaimed environmental friendliness. However, as demonstrated by previous literature, considerable confusion exists about the appropriate source separation and waste management of these plastics. Present study investigated this confusion based on manual sorting analyses of waste sampled from packaging waste (P), biowaste (B) and residual waste (R) in an urban area of Austria. The results were evaluated relative to near-infrared sensor-based sorting trials conducted in a German urban area. Although existing literature has focused on waste composition analyses (mostly in stand-alone studies) of the three waste streams, the present study focused on identifying the specific types of biodegradable plastic items found in each of these streams. Supermarket carrier bags (P = 90, B = 14, R = 33) and dustbin bags (P = 2, B = 46, R = 6) were found in all three waste streams in the Austrian urban area. Similarly, in the German urban area dustbin bags (P = 1, B = 106, R = 3) were the common items. The results indicate that certain bioplastic items were present in more than one bin; thus, hinting that consumers are not necessarily aware of how-to source-separate the biodegradable plastics. This suggests that neither consumers nor current waste management systems are fully 'adapted' to bioplastics, and the management of these plastics' waste is currently not optimal.

A near-infrared fluorescent ratiometric probe with large Stokes shift for multi-mode sensing of Pb2+ and bioimaging

Pb2+ is a heavy metal ion pollutant that poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. The conventional methods for detecting Pb2+ have several limitations. In this study, we introduce a novel fluorescent probe that enables the detection of Pb2+ in the near-infrared region, free from interference from other common ions. A unique characteristic of this probe is its ability to rapidly and accurately identify Pb2+ through ratiometric measurements accompanied by a large Stokes shift of 201 nm. The limit of detection achieved by probe was remarkably low, surpassing the standards set by the World Health Organization, and outperforming previously reported probes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first organic small-molecule fluorescent probe with both near-infrared emission and ratiometric properties for the detection of Pb2+. We present a triple-mode sensing platform constructed using a probe that allows for the sensitive and selective recognition of Pb2+ in common food items. Furthermore, we successfully conducted high-quality fluorescence imaging of Pb2+ in various samples from common edible plants, HeLa cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice. Importantly, the probe-Pb2+ complex exhibited tumour-targeting capabilities. Overall, this study presents a novel approach for the development of fluorescent probes for Pb2+ detection.