Common Idea Research Articles

Development of a brief, generic, modular resource-use measure (ModRUM): cognitive interviews with patients

BackgroundSelf-report resource-use measures (RUMs) are often used to collect healthcare use data from participants in healthcare studies. However, RUMs are typically adapted from existing measures on a study-by-study basis, resulting in a lack of standardisation which limits comparability across studies. Psychometric testing of RUMs is rarely conducted. This paper reports on cognitive interviews with patients to test the content validity and acceptability of a new RUM (ModRUM). ModRUM is a brief, generic RUM with a core module on healthcare use and questions/modules to increase depth and breadth.MethodsA purposeful sampling strategy with maximum variation was used to recruit patients from primary care to participate in “think-aloud” interviews with retrospective probing. Participants verbalised their thought processes as they completed ModRUM, which allowed errors (issues with completion) to be identified. The interviewer asked follow-up and probing questions to investigate errors, clarity and acceptability.Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Research team members independently scored transcripts to identify errors in comprehension, recall, judgement and response. Members met to agree on final scores. Interview transcripts were analysed qualitatively using techniques of constant comparison, to identify common themes and ideas for improvement. Data collection and analysis were performed concurrently and in rounds.ResultsTwenty participants were interviewed between December 2019 and March 2020. Interviews were conducted in three rounds, with revisions made iteratively and in response to interview findings. Seven participants completed the core module and 13 completed the core module plus depth questions. Of 71 issues, 28 were in comprehension, 14 in retrieval, 10 in judgement, 18 in response and 1 uncategorised. Most issues (21 issues by 2 participants) were due to participants including family healthcare use. Other issues included using incorrect recall periods (5 issues) and overlooking questions leading to missing responses (9 issues). Common participant suggestions included highlighting important details and providing additional definition or examples for some terms. The length, content and layout were acceptable to most participants.ConclusionsA generic RUM is needed to increase study comparability. RUM development requires thorough testing to demonstrate and enhance validity. Cognitive interviewing has demonstrated the acceptability and content validity of ModRUM.

Keeping up Appearances: May the Law of International Responsibility be construed through the ‘Comparative Law’ Methods?

The article analyses the possible employment of comparative law methodology for the codification, progressive development and the interpretation of the law of international responsibility. It argues that ‘comparative law’ methodology should be used during this process as it would enhance the legitimacy and understanding of the work of the International Law Commission. The use of legal English involves the reference to common law ideas whether it is consciously admitted or not by the users of legal rules drafted in that language. This concept is presented by the reference to the way the language is used in the process of creating and interpreting rules in the area of international responsibility. It also plays an important role during the construction of multicultural internationallegal concepts within that field. Last but not least, the use of ‘comparative law’ seems to be an indispensable apparatus in the codification process in the area of international responsibility consisting of general principles of law and customary law. The ‘comparative law’ methods are invaluable tools for all those who take part in creation of international responsibility rules, as well as their application and interpretation.

ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА НА ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ КАЗАХСТАНА И КЫРГЫЗСТАНА

An important factor in the development of tourism within transboundary territories may be unique tourist resources, or special areas. Border territories often turn into gambling zones, especially in those cases when the industry of gambling entertainment is prohibited in neighboring countries. In addition, a tourist product can be formed on the basis of unique tourist resources, united by a common idea or historical plot. You can get to know them only by traveling from a neighboring or nearby country. Tourists are attracted to the border space by duty-free trade, a large selection of goods, lower prices, convenient opening hours. On the basis of the Agreement, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic will contribute to expanding cooperation in the field of tourism in order to familiarize citizens of their states with achievements in the field of economics, social development, culture, nature and sights, as well as historical monuments and national traditions of the peoples of the three countries. The parties will cooperate in the development of international tourism on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and, in order to increase the tourist flow, facilitate the simplification of visa and customs formalities, exchange lists of travel agencies. The Parties will facilitate the exchange of experience in all areas of international and domestic tourism, promote cooperation between the national tourism administrations of the Parties and other organizations involved in tourism and its development. The parties will also facilitate the dissemination of tourist information to attract the flow of tourists through the publication of promotional materials, the exchange of information, print media, exhibitions, films and the holding of various symposia and seminars. The parties will provide mutual assistance in the training of personnel of tourist complexes and facilitate the exchange of specialists of the relevant tourism authorities, assist the relevant departments and interested organizations in the creation of joint ventures and in the implementation of other investment projects in the tourism sector. The parties through the relevant tourism authorities will exchange views on cooperation, work experience in activities in international tourism organizations.

Lipid biomarkers reveal the trophic plasticity of octocorals along a depth gradient

AbstractSymbiotic octocorals are important reef inhabitants, from shallow to mesophotic depths. However, information regarding their nutritional ecology along the depth gradient, and in particular the changes in the autotrophic and heterotrophic acquisition of nutrients, is limited, despite the fact that nutrient acquisition is a fundamental process in explaining the distribution of reef organisms. Here, the abundance of three lipid biomarkers, specific for autotrophy and heterotrophy, was investigated in the tissue of four octocoral species and one scleractinian sampled in shallow and upper mesophotic reefs of the oligotrophic Northern Red Sea. Our findings show functional mixotrophy for all dinoflagellate‐bearing species, with a significant input of heterotrophic feeding on herbivorous crustacean zooplankton at both depths. The relatively high level of the heterotrophic marker in all symbiotic species in shallow conditions does not corroborate the common idea that corals rely mostly on autotrophy in shallow waters. The increase in heterotrophic capacity with depth was however species‐specific, likely related to physiological and morphological characteristics. In addition, octocorals maintained similar concentrations of autotrophic markers with increasing depth, while the scleractinian species exhibited a decrease in these markers with depth. These results are in agreement with previous measurements of photosynthetically‐fixed carbon acquisition, suggesting that autotrophy remains stable in Red sea soft corals, whereas it decreases in scleractinian corals. This study highlights the importance of heterotrophy across the euphotic‐upper mesophotic depth gradient and brings relevant advances on our understanding of the ecological significance of feeding for reef corals.

ВТОРАЯ ИСПАНСКАЯ РЕСПУБЛИКА ДОВОЕННОГО ПЕРИОДА (1931–1936) И ПАМЯТЬ О НЕЙ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ КИНО ИСПАНИИ

This article analyzes the memory and representation of the Second Spanish Republic, particularly its years in peace (1931-1936), in Span-ish fiction cinema and made in this country, from 1939 to the present day. The most common ideas and images in this vision of the Second Republic present in cinematography are studied, and the continuity / evolution or change in them throughout the Franco dictatorship, the Democratic Transition and to this day, taking as an example some films. Finally, some general conclusions are addressed that highlight a lower visibility of this period in Spanish cinematography in general compared to the period of the Civil War (1936-1939), as well as the persistence of certain stereotypes around the Second Republic.

Transhumanistic Aspects of the Artificial Life Mythologeme in the Ancient World

The aim of the paper is to study mythological transhumanism in the context of the problem of artificial life in the ancient world.
 The relevance of this study is determined by the significant growth of the role of the posthumanism research in the context of the rapid development of modern high technologies. The study of the features of the mythological transhumanism representation in the ancient world reveals the archetypic patterns of ideas about the essence of human and the limits of humanity — both in traditional and in modern culture, and it provides an insight of the prospects of human existence. Still, there are few studies that reveal the presence or absence of ancient transhumanistic intentions in culture and analyze the ideals associated therewith.
 Novelty. This is the first attempt of analyzing the issue of mythological transhumanism in the culture of the ancient world.
 Research methodology. The author used comparative mythology, historical­genetic, structural analysis, semiotic, hermeneutic and axiological analyses within the framework of cultural studies.
 Results. The phenomenon of mythological transhumanism and the problem of artificial life in the ancient world were studied. In contrast to the common scientific ideas implying that transhumanistic intentions of humanity and reflections on the creation of artificial life are a late cultural phenomenon, the research allows us to claim that mythological transhumanism is already represented in the archaic and ancient world culture. This suggests that transhumanistic thinking is universal in culture. It was found out that the archaic consciousness does not see fundamental difference between the subjects, which create artificial life. In archaic myths, it can be either a person or a demiurge — an ancestor or a deity. The binary opposition “man — god” and “alive — dead” is blurred in archaic thinking. Along with the clarification of hierarchical power structures in the worldview, the mythologeme of the divine creation of artificial life begins to dominate. In the mythology of the ancient world, the anthropogony of the demiurge is often regarded as unsuccessful: the demiurge is like a person and his actions are imperfect. The archetypic image of the “unfinished man”, widespread in ancient myths, represents the ideas of modern posthumanists that human evolution should continue through the enhancement of “human nature” with high technologies.
 The practical significance. The information of this article may be useful for the scholars, researchers of culture and for teaching various educational courses.

Arts-based research in psychiatry: A way to the examination of the popular beliefs about mental disorders

IntroductionResearch about the depictions of psychiatry and mental disorders in popular culture has been scarce and often lacks systematized research strategies. However, this tendency has changed in the last few years and it is now possible to find articles which investigate the social representations of mental illness through the analysis of the media, music, films, and other artistic manifestations. One possible indication of the emerging relevance of this topic is the inclusion of the MeSH term ‘Medicine in the Arts’ in the database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine in 2018.ObjectivesTo understand prevalent ideas regarding mental illness and psychiatry in a specific time and place by using artistic and cultural productions as data sources.MethodsContent and Thematic AnalysisResultsIn this communication I present examples from the content and thematic analysis of 7,777 Spanish Punk Songs (1981-2010) referring to psychoses, suicide and related behaviors, and other interesting issues for the psychiatric field.ConclusionsThe study of the products of popular culture can give us information about common ideas present in the social imaginary regarding mental disease. One advantage of this type of study is the public character of the data. In addition, the fact that artistic productions persist over time enables access to information which could not be gathered through other qualitative research designs. In this way, the products of popular culture could be seen as what I call ‘cultural fossils’, which can be ‘traced back’ to the historical time in which they were produced.

Christian “anarchism” of three cosmists (st. Francis of Assisi, N.F. Fedorov, Pope Francis)

The philosophy of three prominent Christian thinkers is considered: St. Francis of Assisi, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov and Pope Francis. Despite the time distance, each of them sets forth common ideas. It is claimed that the link between these individuals is the philosophy of cosmism. A typical representative of this trend is Nikolai Fedorov, but thinking in the categories of cosmism is also noted in the works of St. Francis of Assisi and Bishop of Rome. It is proposed to call them Christian anarchists who violate the fossilized structure of the church and society. The specificity of their anarchism is emphasized, devoid of negative features, built in the image of Christ and leading to the renewal of the sacred space, the Earth. The basic concepts of each of the three Christian anarchists are considered. The analysis of their philosophy allows for the formulation of the thesis that the ideas they propose to restructure the world and society are based on the principle of Christ – “not by force, but by love”.

Mass Culture And Sociocultural Trends In The 21st Century: Interrelations And Realization (on the example of certain pop music samples)

The transformation of the concepts ―mass culture‖, ―pop culture‖ and those artistic genres, which are their components, in the scientific discourse of the 19th-21stI centuries is traced. The ways and results of the interaction of modern culture and society, which is the end-user of the cultural product, are studied. Some examples of modern cinema and music industry are analyzed, and it is determined that these two components being the most used by the consumer spheres of art directly reflect the world social trends. After having considered the key social processes it is possible to conclude that they are brightly represented in the modern popular music and this fact allowed not only to specify and systematize the ways of interaction between the music art and its consumers, but also to trace the ways of how exactly a mass consumer shapes the functioning and development of a popular and mass product. The ideas of combating various discriminations (by gender, identification - as in the case of LGBTQ+ community, by physique, etc.) and the creation of unified polycultural space have been defined as the most common ideas, that are broadcasting by performers. Therefore, in the analysis of selected works of pop music, a polycultural approach was used, which allows to consider them in terms of the synthesis of cultures and the formation of a global product, i.e. the one that will be understood and accessible to everyone. The analytical section includes compositions written by performers over the past few years that makes this analysis relevant and demonstrates that isolated trends occur now and continue to transform and change. Such comprehensive approach to the study of the mass culture can be useful to clarify the definition of this concept, as the interpretation and evaluation of this phenomenon of scientists today differs, despite the significant number of the mass culture studies and its individual forms in various fields of science — philosophy, culturology, sociology, psychology

Rural adults' perceived role of family members in prescription opioid misuse prevention: Implications for family-based approaches.

This study explored and documented rural adults' perceptions of family roles in prescription opioid misuse prevention and the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence family members from taking those roles. Nine focus groups with rural adults (n = 55) were conducted to evoke discussion about family roles in prescription opioid misuse prevention. Transcripts were coded based on common ideas that arose during the focus groups, previous literature, and the PRECEDE-PROCEED program planning model. Findings suggest that rural adults perceive the opioid epidemic as partially a family problem. Additionally, rural adults perceive themselves as having a critical role in preventing prescription opioid misuse among family members. Participants identified specific predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence whether or not family members take responsibility in preventing prescription opioid misuse within their families. Rural adults also perceive that family-based education is important in preventing prescription opioid misuse. These results suggest that there is an interest in family-based approaches that enable or foster the skills and resources necessary to engage in prescription opioid misuse prevention behaviors. Specifically, family-based prevention programming should include efforts to shape knowledge and attitudes about prescription opioid misuse, increase resources to facilitate prevention behaviors, and build skills related to prevention.

A Fênix Tupiniquim: as (re)invenções da Polícia Militar (1809-1936)

Tendo como tema a história das Polícias Militares brasileiras, a partir do estudo das ligações entre a história do Exército Brasileiro (EB), da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ) e da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo (PMESP), o presente artigo questiona história oficial sobre a fundação dessas corporações no século XIX e o senso comum de que foram criadas durante o período da Ditadura Militar no Brasil (1964-1985). O estudo faz uso da noção de processos históricos de Thompson e da ideia de longa duração da Braudel. Para tal, foram analisados diversos tipos de fontes que evidenciaram o processo histórico de formação dessas corporações, suas imbricações com a história do EB e as permanências e mudanças ao longo dos anos. O artigo conclui que as corporações criadas no século XIX para o serviço de policiamento na Corte e na cidade de São Paulo, marcadas por atuações truculentas, após a Revolução de 1930, aliaram-se a alguns oficiais do EB e, como uma espécie de fênix, reinventaram-se visando sobreviverem à extinção iminente. Com isso, durante a era Vargas, transformaram-se em um novo tipo de corporação: a Polícia Militar, força reserva e auxiliar do EB. Esse resultado demonstrou como determinadas instituições sobrevivem ao processo histórico, por meio de mecanismos como a adaptação e a reinvenção.

Concept of Sustainable Development of the Construction Sector Based on BIM-Technology

The paper explores the relevance and defines the role of BIM technology fitting into the general concept of sustainable construction development. Summing up the analysis of scientific publications, the authors note that at the current stage of BIM technology development there is no common idea of its staged progression. Further, the authors suggest the overall IBM evolution model in the construction sector showing the individual stages. Because sustainable construction development is inconceivable without environmental aspect, a special role in the new model is given to environmental monitoring: first, at each stage of construction modeling, second, as a suggested new model stage identified as 7D, where all environmental support information will be accumulated subsequently to become the basis for optimizing the environmental parameters of construction and operation of a building or facility. The authors further suggest considering reconstruction of a structural system not as a conventional lifetime stage in the overall BIM model, but as a new lifecycle of a previously operated system with all stages characteristic of new construction. The paper underlines that the new understanding of the BIM concept makes it an integral part of the construction process and a strategy of successfully arranging construction operations.

Internal processes in decision-making (mental, emotional, cultural, ethical and spiritual) of Afghan business leaders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand, which internal processes (mental, emotional, cultural, ethical and spiritual) Afghan business leaders use when making managerial decisions. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected through 1-h face-to-face interviews with Afghan business leaders. Interviews were conducted through open-ended questions in a semi-structured format. This method was considered most appropriate to acquire an understanding of senior executives’ interpretation and usage of decision-making processes. The method of analyzing data was thematic analysis where the researchers identified common themes, topics, ideas and patterns of meaning that come up repetitively. The objective of the analysis was to determine the most frequent decision-making processes by business leaders and the reasons for using these processes. Findings Although the usage of internal processes in decision-making are not homogeneous among Afghan business leaders, some of the processes are used more frequently than others such as mental, cultural and ethical processes. During the mental process of decision-making, the majority of leaders use intuitional decision-making, the minority using logic. Regarding the cultural dimension, the majority of leaders stated that they have an open, friendly, caring organization for each employee and horizontal culture in their organization. The minority indicated that they have a friendly culture but they also considered the processes and hierarchy in their organization. Considering the ethical process of decision-making, leaders stated that their priorities are more ethical than getting extra profit. They believe that profit will be generated while considering ethical values. As a leader noted: when you consider ethics and fulfill your obligations, the profit automatically generates. Most leaders use the internal process of emotion in their decision-making, but the usage has not been frequent. The emotional process of decision-making is more involved when the human factor is involved. For instance, one of the participants stated “I did not fire an employee that I had to because he was a needy and poor person.” About the spiritual process of decision-making, although all leaders agreed that they have used spirituality in decision-making, its usage varies. About one-third of the leaders mostly rely on spirituality or on religious teachings during the decision-making process, one-third somehow rely on spirituality or religion, about 50% of the time and one-third rely on spirituality between 25% to 30% of the time. Originality/value This study is pilot research as no previous research was carried out on this topic, therefore, it provides a basis of literature on the usage of internal processes on decision-making in Afghanistan. The findings may differ in other economic and national contexts.

ТЕОРИЯ П. ВИРНО: КОММУНИКАЦИЯ, НОВАЯ ПУБЛИЧНОСТЬ, ДЕМОКРАТИЯ

The article is about the key moments of the theory of post-operaist philosopher Paolo Virno in connection with the concepts of nonmaterial economy and general intellect. The theory of post-operaism is based on the judgment that, from the one hand, communication becomes the leading mean of production and increment of capital in the frame of Post-Fordist capitalism; from the other hand, communication as the mode of production of «common» can be the foundation for the labor autonomy from capital and emergence the new types of democracy. The borders between labor (poesis), political activity (praxis) and intellect (life of Mind) blur in the frame nonmaterial economy functioning. As a result, we have deal with the situation of politization of labor and highlighting the phenomenon of virtuosity as a key competence in the new type of capitalism. Connection between labor and politics moves the labor activity in to category of public action that build new understanding of publicity based on the mastery of language and communication. Marх’s sustained division of labor on productive and unproductive, where the last isn’t able to create surplus value, gets the new conceptualization in the frame of post-operaist theory. Contemporary communicative capitalism has shown that the intellectual worker-virtuoso can make surplus value in the frame of cultural industry development, the «life» labor serves the capital in such situation. But, at the same time, the virtuoso linguistic activity as the basis of nonmaterial economy can become the foundation for the new types of democracy, which differ from the project of neoliberal democracy, where labor gets the characteristics of political action and receives the autonomy from capital. The concept of labor as virtuoso political action based on the idea of interactive and communicative foundation of politics which can to create the new space of publicity using the communicative technologies. These technologies empower the realization of participatory democratic processes for the citizens in the frame of political life and provide type of political interaction which sets out the continuity of the process of production of common knowledge, ideas, communications, relationships and finance as the basis for the new type of democracy. All of that promote the manifestation of communist (production of «common») tendencies in cooperative functioning of knowledge, communication and capital.

Analyzing and Building an Advertising Image of the Library through User Interviews

Over the past decades, advertising for the library has become a mandatory part of the activity, but the approach to its creation is largely based on accepted stereotypes that express the most common ideas about the properties of such a complex phenomenon as the target audience of the library. Advertising can be expressed through an advertising image that contains not only objective but also subjective information; it uses associations, metaphors, emotions, visualization of something that has a generalizing character, i. e. a layer of implicit information is added to the exact data and read automatically. One of the problems of creating an advertising image may be that there are contradictions between the perception of the person who creates an advertising based on a stereotype and its recipient. The article reflects the experience of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS) in the study of two groups — “Event visitors” and “Readers”. The study involved 326 people (254 visitors to mass events and 72 readers of the SPSTL SB RAS). The author tested the method of semi-formalized interview to get relevant information for better understanding the audience’s motivation and desires. It is assumed to use pre-made plan with a list of mandatory questions, while using general wording and their variations, “close to the text”, and observing the general logic in their sequence.The author analyses the data on distribution of users in both groups (“Event visitors” and “Readers”) by the age categories and employment areas; frequency of library visits; frequency of references to forms of work that are called in demand and found interesting in both groups; frequency of references to preferred information channels. The article presents the main positions for creating an advertising image of the library. The author shows the expediency of using the semi-formalized interview method to adjust the advertising image of the library and the campaign to promote events, resources and services based on it, both for individual groups and for several segments in parallel, if the library’s event or service does not have a specific addressee. The article reveals the method of work that can be applied in the analysis of the advertising image for other libraries.

АРХЕТИПНИЙ СИМВОЛ ЯК СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНЕ ЯВИЩЕ В СУЧАСНОМУ МЕДІАДИСКУРСІ

<p><strong><em>The aim </em></strong><em>of the paper is to analyze the structure and semantics of archetypic symbols in modern media discourse.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>The following research methods are used in the article: the historic-philosophical method is used to trace the etymology of the «symbol», «archetype», «archetypic symbol» concepts; structural method, particularly its techniques of definitional analysis helps to clarify the semantic structure of archetypic symbols, and component analysis – to identify their seme structure; descriptive method is applied along with its techniques of contextual analysis and interpretation, on the basis of which the analysis of archetypic symbols, their semantic and structural features in media broadcasting is carried out.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>The article highlights the definitions of the symbol, archetype, archetypic symbol, describes their main characteristics, clarifies the principles of correlation between them. The author systematized scientific views on the archetype as collective unconscious and archetypic verbal symbolic image as conscious embodiment of the archetypic meaning in the journalistic text.</em></p><p><em>As a result of the review of well-known Ukrainian and foreign scholars theoretical heritage, attention is focused on their statements that specificity of archetypic symbolism is marked by system, structure and semantics within a certain context.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> </em><em>For the first time the semantics and structure of the archetypic symbol in modern media discourse are studied; it is proved that the functioning of symbols is manifested in the close connection to the semantic content of a word with its archetype, ie with the model formed at the subconscious level. It has been found that archetypic words-symbols are lexemes that become symbolic signs not only for an individual, but also for a large part of humanity. Such word-symbols are marked by similar or identical semantics.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance. </em></strong><em>The practical significance of the research findings is that the obtained results can be used by the authors in creating journalistic texts and realizing that symbolism implies many meanings framed by a common idea, so everyone can discover a new meaning in the symbol.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> symbol, archetype, archetypic symbol, semantics, structure, media discourse.</em></p>

Transport sharing: marketing aspects

Introduction. The consumer economy is one of the fastest growing segments of the world economy, with little growth in 2020. Prerequisites for increasing consumer description in this area are not only the economy and convenience, but also the availability of Internet technologies in all conditions. Modern technologies have led to the development of transport sharing. All forms of sharing are united by a common idea and consumer prices are exchanged via the Internet platform.Purpose. The goal of our research is to determine the prospects and application of existing sharing models in the Ukrainian market of transport services.Methods of research include general scientific and empirical techniques of economics. Methods of system analysis and synthesis, comparison, compilation and grouping are used.Results of the research. Consider the basic concepts of sharing economy, namely: coliving, coworking, crown funding, car sharing, kick sharing, carpooling. The domestic transport sharing market is analyzed and the low level of development of this sphere is revealed, in contrast to the world market. The advantages and disadvantages of car sharing and kick sharing are revealed. In particular, the advantages of car sharing: efficient and economical use of the vehicle; reducing the burden on the environment; round-the- clock access to cars; the price of the service includes fuel, washing and depreciation of transport. Advantages of kick sharing: no driver’s license required; maneuvering; scooters can be left anywhere; the device keeps charging for 45 km; easy and accessible to operate. Disadvantages of car sharing: it is necessary to have a driver’s license; you need to take and leave the car in specialized parking lots; low availability in the regions; the car-sharing procedure is tied to the Internet; it is forbidden to transport large volumes of cargo, things and animals. Disadvantages of kick sharing: not comfortable in the cold and rainy season; it is impossible to leave outside the marked zone; the level of danger at precipitations increases; it is difficult to carry baggage.Regarding income forecasting, for car sharing we propose to calculate by adding the sums of multiplication products: the number of vehicles of a particular type on the number of trips during the day; for the cost of one trip; by the number of days in the relevant reporting month (period). However, it should be borne in mind that car-sharing, in contrast to kick-sharing, is much more expensive to depreciate and maintain the vehicle.Perspectives. In future research we plan to consider the features of bicycle sharing and scooter sharing and their prospects for development in the Ukrainian market of transport services.

Review: The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography, by Brian R. Dott

Review: <i>The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography</i>, by Brian R. Dott

Data-driven cardiovascular flow modelling: examples and opportunities.

High-fidelity blood flow modelling is crucial for enhancing our understanding of cardiovascular disease. Despite significant advances in computational and experimental characterization of blood flow, the knowledge that we can acquire from such investigations remains limited by the presence of uncertainty in parameters, low resolution, and measurement noise. Additionally, extracting useful information from these datasets is challenging. Data-driven modelling techniques have the potential to overcome these challenges and transform cardiovascular flow modelling. Here, we review several data-driven modelling techniques, highlight the common ideas and principles that emerge across numerous such techniques, and provide illustrative examples of how they could be used in the context of cardiovascular fluid mechanics. In particular, we discuss principal component analysis (PCA), robust PCA, compressed sensing, the Kalman filter for data assimilation, low-rank data recovery, and several additional methods for reduced-order modelling of cardiovascular flows, including the dynamic mode decomposition and the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics. All techniques are presented in the context of cardiovascular flows with simple examples. These data-driven modelling techniques have the potential to transform computational and experimental cardiovascular research, and we discuss challenges and opportunities in applying these techniques in the field, looking ultimately towards data-driven patient-specific blood flow modelling.

Электронное завещание — миф или реальность

This article is devoted to the problems of notary activity related to registration of inheritance rights using digital technologies. Inheritance by will is one of the most common grounds for the emergence of property rights of citizens. At the same time, there are new forms of disposal of their property in the order of inheritance. So, in 2016, lawmakers attempted to introduce an oral form of a will, but the proposal was not included in the civil code of the Russian Federation. Notaries, like any other specialists in the modern world, use information and communication technologies. The result of using information tools is making a will by using audio and video digital equipment. The most common idea today is to create an official state website for electronic wills. This would greatly facilitate the enforcement of the civil code. In connection with innovations, certain problems will arise, the solutions to which the authors suggest in their article.