Common European Space Research Articles

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EUROPEAN CRIMINAL LEGAL REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN THE TREATY OF LISBON

The establishment of a common European space of the Member States from an economic and judicial point of view has been the desideratum of the European states. The openness created by the European space, namely the free movement of people, generates an enormous advantage for Europe's population, but can also lead to Member States being exposed to various forms of cross-border crime that go beyond their borders.Free movement within the U.E. it must be accompanied by the strengthening of Member States' cooperation in the field of criminal justice and policing in order to ensure a framework of security and safety for European citizens.European citizens have the right to move and live freely without fear of being exposed to various forms of crime. However, international crime in various forms: drug trafficking, trafficking in human beings, prostitution, pimping, theft, robbery, murder, terrorism is a worrying phenomenon for European citizens. The number of organized crime cases has increased, capital market offenses, illegal e-commerce activities as well as those related to the safety and physical and moral integrity of the person have increased significantly.The issue of ensuring European criminal justice has thus been raised over time. Adoption of unitary criminal measures in the legislation of European states, but also at EU level. it is considered an effective means of preventing international crime and punishing those guilty of committing it.We find in European documents criminal regulations at European level that define the common effort to reduce and limit international crime. In this article, I have focused on the latest fundamental European treaty: the Treaty of Lisbon, in which criminal law falling within the exclusive sphere of the Member States acquires European competences.

Slovenes in Neighbouring Countries as Part of the Curriculum in Primary and Secondary Schools in Slovenia

Slovenes live as an autochthonous minority in neighbouring countries of Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia. The common European space allows them to develop a cultural area with far-reaching implications. An analytical review of Slovenian minorities through the content of curricula of primary and secondary schools examined the presence of topics related to them. Researchers that analysed the school curricula and textbooks with a special questionnaire for pupils, students and general population assessed the current situation in school practice. Following the processing of quantitative data and consultation meetings with experts changes and additions to the curricula of primary and secondary schools were proposed.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЗАПАДНЫХ БАЛКАН В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

The article examines the state of the Western Balkans’ economies in the pre-2020 period (before the COVID-XNUMX pandemic), highlights the key problems that impede more dynamic development of the region, assesses the role of the European Union at the pre-integration stage of the Balkan countries’ inclusion into the common European space. The author pays special attention to considering the issues of economic development of Serbia through the prism of European integration processes, which the country is actively involved in. Based on the European Commission reports, an analysis of the compliance of the achieved indi-cators with the Copenhagen criteria and the articles of the negotiation dossier is carried out.

К проблеме рецепции фортепианных концертов П. И. Чайковского за рубежом

The article examines the reception of Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s First and Second Concertos for Piano and Orchestra and Concerto Fantasy. The main issue of the research lies in the perception of these works in the context of late Romantic Western European music, which in the present day is represented in musicological literature in a fragmentary manner. The materials for the research presented in this article are comprised of reviews and notes in newspapers outside of Russia during the time period of 1875–1893, i.e., published during Tchaikovsky’s lifetime. During the process of research, a number of tendencies were identified. The critics of that time expressed both positive and negative evaluations of the compositional structure of the concertos. Thereby, in addition to their excessively lengthy duration, which, incidentally, was at that time a common European feature of the genre, the authors of the articles noted alleged fallacies in the development of the musical material, in particular, the prevalence of expositional features, one of the most important manifestations of the compositional logic of suite-like compositions. Feelings of puzzlement was caused by the introduction to the first movement of the First Concerto: in a number of articles, it was interpreted as an independent section of the cycle. On the other hand, the entering of the three soloists in the Andante movement of the Second Concerto received approval, not least of all because of the similarity to Beethoven’s Triple Concerto opus 56. Some of the techniques of orchestration in Tchaikovsky's concertos were perceived as innovative: the use of wind instruments both in combination with the piano and by themselves; the isolation of the parts of the soloist and the orchestra in the Second Concerto and Concerto Fantasy, which was perceived as a departure from the Western European pianistic tradition. When examining the stylistic features of the works, the journalists indicated at the influences of both the German and the French compositional schools. Regarding the former, analogies were made with the musical styles of Liszt, Schumann and Adolf von Henselt; in the second case, Chopin and Ambroise Thomas were mentioned. Generally speaking, assessing the reaction to Tchaikovsky's concertos in the Western European press, we can conclude: while recognizing the individual traits of the style, his music was considered to be an indispensable part of the common European cultural space. Keywords: Piotr Tchaikovsky, piano concerto, musical criticism, Tchaikovsky’s orchestration.

Russia-EU political relations: Evolution and prospects

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution, nature and content of Russia-EU political relations, formally established by the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) of 1994. The paradigm of building a united Europe and a common European security space in line with overcoming post-bipolar confrontation and the emergence of post-Soviet Russia as well as the European Union, established in 1992, as new actors in international arena became the basis for their cooperative relations, which was built towards strategic partnership. It was strengthened at the turn of the 2000s, including on the basis of mutual strategies of relations, when Russia’s “European choice” was declared and the EU’s “new dynamics” in security and defense dimension were initiated. However, the NATO-centric model of European security and the policy of expanding Euro-Atlantic institutions to the East created a potential for conflict, and Russia-EU cooperation entered a phase of a latent crisis, especially as a result of differing interests in the so-called common neighborhood. Attempts at a new strategic start by the adoption of Russia-EU Roadmaps on the four common spaces and by planning the negotiations on a new basic agreement failed to overcome fundamental disagreements and contradictions. The Ukrainian conflict became the culmination of the Russian-European crisis and fundamentally changed the direction and content of Russia — EU relations. The defining of the future strategy of relations is becoming increasingly acute, which is considered in the article as a challenge of strategic choice for the parties. The author substantiates the prospect of overcoming the “new normality”, which is boils down to maintaining a controlled mutual deterrence, although it does not exclude the option of terminating the Russia-EU legal relations (“breakesit”).

The Venice Commission and the European Court of Human Rights: common grounds

Interaction of international justice bodies with expert organizations has not been the subject of an analysis performed by legal scholars. Meanwhile, cooperation between the European Commission for Democracy through Law (better known as Venice Commission) and the European Court of Human Rights makes it possible to establish many touch points in their activities. Despite the obvious differences in their status and subject competences both bodies are distinguished by the similarity of methodological approaches as evolutive interpretation of law, doctrine of margin of appreciation, conceptual framework. In the last decade the convergence of legal positions of the European Venice Commission and the European Court has noticeably increased. This is particularly evident in the reports of the Venice Commission and the European Court Grand Chamber’s judgments. The Commission’s 2020 report on individual access to constitutional justice, presented by a former judge of the European Court of Justice and now a member of the Venice Commission, Angelika Nussberger, is an illustrative example of this convergence of the positions of both institutions on the highly sensitive area of public relations. The practice of providing amicus curiae expert opinions by the Commission at the request of the European Court has also become more widespread. Dozens of judgments of the ECHR of the last decade contain lengthy references to the legal positions of the Commission. The article analyzes some of them. The authors conclude that this methodology strengthens the credibility of the reasoning for the Commission’s Opinions and the Court’s judgments. In the judgments of the European Court in cases concerning Russia there are also some references to the legal positions of the Venice Commission. This applies primarily to decisions on the implementation of civil and political rights of citizens. The article also analyses some of the acts of the Commission and the Court that have similar subjects of consideration. The authors conclude that the interaction of the Venice Commission and the European Court provides a unique example of the synergy of judicial interpretation of law and the opinions of the expert community. First of all, these are the issues of the functioning of the justice systems, the participation of citizens in political life, the electoral system, and freedom of speech. Ultimately, both institutions are involved in the realization of the quasi-utopia of creating a common European legal space.

“Fascism,” the Relevant Past, and Monologues in the Face of Others

From a political point of view, the key purpose of any reference to the past is not so much to substantiate concrete wording as to form collective identities and/or provide moral justification for certain political decisions. Therefore, one cannot but agree with Marlene Laruelle that discussions, largely virtual, about World War II and the role of the USSR in it, which flare up from time to time in the European press, are closely related to the search for an answer to a more pressing question: Can modern Russia be considered part (albeit special) of some common European space? Her article, filled with propositions and observations some would gladly subscribe to, still gives food for thought due to its focus on academic debate with those who consider Russia fascist or seek analogies between Putin’s Russia and Hitler’s Germany.

Metaphoricity of Lexemes from the Lexical Field Family in English and Porodica in Serbian

Relying on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper contrastively analyses lexemes from the lexical field family in English (family, father, mother, son, daughter, sister, brother) and porodica in Serbian (porodica, otac, majka, sin, kći, sestra, brat). The aim of the paper is to establish similarities and differences between metaphorical meanings of these lexemes and, on the basis of that, to determine the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural similarities and differences between these two languages. The analysis is based on the material excerpted from monolingual dictionaries of English and Serbian. Numerous similarities have been established between the lexemes from this lexical field, which is probably a consequence of the common European cultural space and the Christian foundation upon which it rests.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ НА ИНОСТРАННОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article refers to the formation of students with a specialty "Architecture and Urban Planning" of the educational level "Bachelor, Master" of the ability to function as subjects of the international educational space, carrying out active intercultural communication as part of their professional and scientific activities. The Bologna Declaration formulated the main goals leading to the comparability and harmonization of national educational systems of higher education in Europe. Currently, due to the active process of Ukraine's integration into the common European educational space of particular significance foreign language training of highly qualified personnel in the system of undergraduate and graduate programs. Relevant for the introduction of training programs in a foreign language in specialized disciplines in non-linguistic universities into the educational process is the process of preparation and planning by teachers of classes in the relevant disciplines. It is necessary to identify priorities, taking into account the study of these disciplines in the framework of the basic methodology, defined by many years of experience. The article focuses on the features of teaching the main core discipline of a specialty of architectural design in a foreign language. In this case, a foreign language acts as a means of increasing professional competence and personal and professional development of both teachers and students. In order to achieve a high quality education comparable to European, it is necessary to actively introduce new teaching technologies. Innovative technologies of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university include a combination of traditional and intensive teaching methods, the development of a holistic system of teaching students how to speak language on professional topics, taking into account professional training, and the development of common assessment criteria. Without the synchronization and interconnection of the work of foreign language departments and disciplines in the profile of the training, it is impossible to master professional foreign language vocabulary, develop skills in all types of speech activity, and reading and translating texts in the specialty. Foreign language training in a specialized discipline contributes to the achievement of a number of goals: obtaining skills and competencies necessary for employment, the opportunity to participate in integration activities, developing a lifelong learning culture, countering social exclusion, and promoting an active citizenship.

Memory Politics in the European Union: in Search for Common Landmarks

The article evaluates the reasons behind the surge of interest in memory politics in EU countries in the last decade. The author analyses the current memory studies agenda, the mechanisms and instruments proposed for use at EU level to promote a common European identity, and the practices of representing a shared European past in public spaces that have emerged over the last few years (such as the permanent exhibition of House of European History in Brussels). The evaluation of new priorities on the memory politics agenda can help shed light on the difficulties and threats to further promote European solidarity based on a common memory, especially having in mind the drastic consequences of the 2020 pandemic crisis. One can foresee the advancement of national and regional models of memory politics to the frontline of identity politics in Europe. The research is based on the analysis of discourses reflecting the changing memory politics agenda aimed at consolidating a common European space where Russia is considered as the alien Other. Empirical data was collected by the author during her visits to European museums and memory sites representing the history and the current state of the European integration project. This was complemented by the analysis of digital library and archive resources and expert reports dedicated to memory politics and identity policies in the EU.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЕТАПІВ РОЗВИТКУ ВИЩОЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ РУМУНІЇ ТА УКРАЇНИ

The article presents the historical path of the formation and development of pedagogical education in Romania and Ukraine through a comparative retrospective analysis. And this research is due to the fact that the formation of the system of professional training of teachers in each country has its own historical path, which is determined by political, social, economic, cultural factors, as well as national and world traditions. And since today, the Ukrainian state is in the conditions of adaptation to the requirements of the common European educational space, it is very important to study the experience of professional training of future teachers in foreign countries, in particular, the neighboring country of Romania, which has a long historical and political ties with Ukraine, in order to improve the educational system of teacher education. The article also focuses on the importance of using a systems approach when conducting a comparative study. Because it is the use of a systematic approach that makes it possible to identify the theoretical basis of higher pedagogical education in each studied country and explore its main characteristics, such as: the system of management of higher educational institutions, the main legislative acts, documents, current reforms in the organization of the educational process, the types of educational institutions that implement professional training of teachers, leading universities in the field of training pedagogical personnel (general characteristics, student population, curricula.) Based on the study of scientific works, documents, Internet resources, a comparative analysis was made and five main historical stages in the development of higher pedagogical education characteristic of Romania and Ukraine from the emergence of pedagogical thought to the present (Ist stage – until the middle of the 19th century – Genesis, IInd stage – 20s of the XIX – 90s of the XX century. The stage of the emergence of the first educational institutions and the centralized education system; IIIrd stage – 90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXIst stage of the creation of national systems of higher education in the post-Soviet period; IVth stage – the beginning of the XXIst century (2005–2019) stage of globalization-civilizational transformations; Vth stage – from 2019 to the present. Distance-digital stage). A brief description of these stages is provided. Common features and differences are identified. The transformation processes that contributed to the formation of higher education in Romania and Ukraine are revealed.

Digitalisation of Legal Information – A step forward towards a truly common European Legal Space

Digitalisation of Legal Information – A step forward towards a truly common European Legal Space

РОЗВИТОК СОЦІОЛОГІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ

Sociology as sciences and a subject matter has been researched, the phenomenon of significant influence of individual features and knowledge of creators of sociology on its development at an initial stage has been proved, the reasons of differences in evolution of sociology in the Western Europe, the USA and in the East Europe have been analyzed. Improvements of a statement of this period in textbooks for higher schools are offered. The inaccuracy of the statement distributed in modern textbooks about absence of sociological researches in Soviet Union is revealed. It is specified on the facts of their development in 20-30th years in the form of searches of "the scientific organization of work" and in 60-70th years as realization of "social forecasts". Significant and completely new information was obtained during the study of structural and didactic characteristics of the sociological education sector in Ukraine. The analysis of reference books for entrants higher education institutions of Ukraine during the years of independence made it possible to trace the evolution of the names of specializations in sociological education of Ukraine and to obtain data on how many higher education institutions offer students different types of learning. The fact of great differences between the classifiers of professions and what was offered and is offered by higher education institutions has revealed and analyzed. The introduction of the new Classifier of Professions DK 0003: 2005 should cause changes in the activities of the higher education institutions. Ways to accelerate the development and improvement of the sociological education sector in the domestic higher education system are proposed, taking into account the Bologna process and other integration processes, in particular, the need to include Ukraine in creating a common European space Union to continue building its human potential through the creation and accumulation of "development knowledge", an important part of which is sociological knowledge. Restoration of sociology and formation of sociological education in the USSR 80th years, development and permanent changes of sociological education in independent Ukraine is investigated. Curricula and other aspects of preparation of experts of sociology in several universities and other higher schools are investigated, is specified on existence of a nonagreement of terminology of formulations in diplomas of higher schools with the official Qualifier of trades.

Model оf Multifactorial Assessment оf Natural Gas Quality

In accordance with the provisions of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2035, despite the significant development of green energy, natural gas remains the main energy source in the country. In connection with the accession to the common European space of regulation of natural gas tradein the country, all payments for fuel consumption should be made in units of energy. Thus, the main question is the quality of natural gas. One of the peculiarities of the gas supply system is the considerable degree of uncertainty in the change of a large number of disturbing factors and constantly changing parameters of its functioning. A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic theory isexpedient for gas quality assessment. According to the results of consideration of the factors characterizing the physico-chemical properties of the natural gas extracted, the quality of its preparation for transportation and the technical operation conditions of the gas distribution system ina settlement, a fuzzy set was obtained to determine the quality of the fuel. According to the "center of mass" method for defuzzification, the fuzzy set corresponds to a fuzzy set that is in the range from one to five points. As an example, for natural gas with limit values in accordance with the Gas Transmission System Code, the quality is estimated at 3.1 points. The fuzzy inference model, together with the dephasification procedure, provides the ability to observe changes in the baseline – the quality of natural gas – depending on changes in quantitative and qualitative factors on the path from the gas field to the consumer. Using the proposed mathematical model in a complex for all levels and sublevels, it is possible to obtain a predicted estimate of the impact of the above factors on fuel quality. In this case, the value obtained is taken from the results of a virtual experiment, which is based on an expert knowledge base.

DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN VISION

The quality of higher education, its value and its realization are among the national priorities in Bulgaria. With the development of society, its needs and expectations, higher education seeks to meet its expectations and business needs. The purpose of this article is to trace the European tendencies for a common European educational space and their reflection in the development of higher education in Bulgaria. A theoretical reading of a number of European and national documents is made to highlight the positive development trend of higher education in Bulgaria. The quality of higher education in Bulgaria is directly tied to and correlated not only with our national traditions, mentality, but also with the European horizons of a united community called Europe. Article visualizations:

European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018. A deeper reflection on the promotion of Europe’s cultural diversity

The European Year of Cultural Heritage has activated a reflection on the European dimension of Cultural Heritage recognizing the value of this fundamental resource for sustainable development. The activities of the Year aimed at enhancing the richness and the diversity of Europe ’s Cultural Heritage and at strengthen ing the sense of belonging to a common European space. They also offered the oppo rtunity to reflect on how to better protect and promote this fundamental resource for Europe, build ing our common future through a shared understanding of the past.

Philosophical grounds for internationalization of higher education

The article deals with different conceptual approaches for understanding the phenomenon of the internationalization of higher education. Particularly misconceptions and myths about nature and purposes of internationalization circulating in academic society were analyzed. There are also various types of rationales of internationalization and it is emphasized that they do not contradict each other. Conceptual differences between internationalization and globalization were carefully reviewed, the principles of the higher education as national phenomenon are emphasized. The conclusion was made that higher education understood as national phenomenon is mostly focused on national particularities rather than on existing borders. The analysis of stakeholders of internationalization resulted the statement, that this phenomenon could be the priority of national or institutional policy but could not be the goal by itself. In this regard the genesis of internationalization is described as an attempt to integrate post-socialist countries into the common European space in the 1990–2000s, which was realized through the various programs of higher education’s quality improvement. Consequently, the principles of the internationalization of higher education lie between concepts “integration” and “quality” and could be understood as institutional process located inside this dichotomy.

Идея Большой Европы и Общее европейское экономическое пространство России и ЕС : ожидания и реальность

Идея Большой Европы и Общее европейское экономическое пространство России и ЕС : ожидания и реальность

Management of competitiveness and economic performance based in the V4 countries

The economic condition and competitiveness is currently a highly discussed issue and it is necessary to confront individual countries. In a period characterized by economic dynamics, economic growth, the sustainability of economic development, it is common that most countries are concerned with the study of indicators that can help them to understand their economic situation. This paper focuses on the competitiveness and economic performance of the V4 countries based on two selected indicators – Global Competitiveness Index and Gross Domestic Product growth rate in the period from 2002 to 2016. The countries of the Visegrad Group do not only share a common Central European space, apart from geographic location, but they are also linked with history, culture, values, priorities and interests to strengthen stability in the Central European region. The aim of this study is to assess the development of the V4 economies and to define the degree of homogeneity of the Global Competitiveness Index and the rate of GDP growth between Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. To meet the main goal, selected indicators were subjected to an analysis of their development in the set period and their mutual confrontation was carried out. For analysis of variances, we used statistical method ANOVA. Countries of Visegrad Group are linked by significant factors from social areas, but each country faces different economic problems, which determines their economic status and position in the world. Based on the results, the Czech Republic records the most significant differences in the GCI index compared to other V4 countries. The study agrees with the arguments that the Czech Republic is the most successful country within the Visegrad Group. The benefit of the article reflects the perception of the V4 countries from an economic point of view, which is not conditioned by the common characteristics of this group. The analysis absorbs possible skewed speculation and encourages further research that may be dealt with in the future by other macroeconomic indicators within the Visegrad Group.

Some issues protection of intellectual property rights Directive 2004/48/EC «On the protection of intellectual property rights»

In the article explores the protection of intellectual property rights in the European Union. Attention is paid to the provisions Directive 2004/48/EC On the protection of intellectual property rights. The application of this Directive 2004/48/EC is studied as at the general European level, and the features of the legal application of the directive in the legislation of individual EU member states are studied. In this article says that the main goal of this Directive is to create an effective mechanism for the protection of intellectual property rights in the common European space (EU), for the further de­velopment of an innovative economy. The analysis of the peculiarities of enforcement practice in the implementation of the EU-2004/48/EU Directive in certain EU mem­ber states (Hungary, Austria, etc.), identifies the main issues related to the applica­tion of the provisions of the above-mentioned Directive, in particular, points to the dif­ferent understanding of «additional payments» in some EU member states: Germany, Czech Republic. There is in practice the question of the question of how to obtain the creator of supplementary payments (compensation). So, in Austria, the Czech Repub­lic, Germany, Romania, the basis for determining the amount of additional compensa­tion is double the amount of royalty. In 2016, the European Commission prepared a new report on the enforcement of intellectual property rights in EU member states. In this report, the Commission emphasizes that the IPR procedures contained in EU/2004/48 have greatly contributed to raising the level of protection of intellectual property rights in the EU, contributing to the creation of a unified legal framework. The report also states that the Directive is consistently and effectively integrated into the right of EU member states. Now (o date), the provisions of EU/2004/48 Directive have been implemented in virtually all EU member states. For example, in Latvia — the Law «On Trademarks and Geographical Names» (as of 010.010.2016), the Law «On Patents» (as of 01.01.2016), the Law «On Copyright» (as of 01.01.2014) ; in Lithuania — the Law «On Industrial Designs» IX-1181 (as of July 1, 2008); Romania — Law «On the Protection of Industrial Property Rights» No. 280/2005; Spain — The Law «On Protection of Intellectual Property and the Settlement of Sim­plification of the Application of EU Procedures» No. 19/2006 of 05.06.2006, as well as the corresponding amendments were made to the Law of Spain «On Civil Procedure» No. 1/2000 of January 7, 2000; Greece — Law on Transfer of Technologies, Removals and Innovations No. 1733/1987; Hungary — Law on the Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications.An analysis of the implementation of the Directive leads to the conclusion EU / 2004/48 Directive has become widely implemented in the European space and is an actual document for EU member states in their system of legal protection of intellec­tual property rights.