Common Elements Research Articles

Diversifying analytical categories for studying youth with and without migration background: an example of mobility-based categories

This article develops mobility-based categories for studying young people with and without a migration background. Most research on migrant youth uses the category of ethnicity, defined by a young person’s country of origin or that of their parents, or the category of generation, with migrants defined as first, second or 1.5 generation. But these categories hide the mobility that young people engage in, both for those youth who have migration in their biographies and those who do not. Mobility can entail migration, but also other kinds of trips such as study abroad, vacations, gap years, and family visits. In a globalising world the ability of young people to move is increasingly a marker of difference and therefore needs to be considered when studying young people’s lives. Using insights from the transnational and mobilities turns in the social sciences, this article argues that we need to develop new analytical categories that capture the various ways in which young people are mobile. Such mobility-based categories promise to shed light on young people’s lives in three ways. First such categories allow investigation of various elements of commonality and difference between youth, irrespective of where they or their parents come from. They allow us to go beyond the nation-state lens that still guides most large-scale migration research and to explore within-group differences. Second, mobility-based categories take young people’s past and present mobilities into account, allowing a temporal understanding of how mobility affects their lives. Finally, mobility-based categories are a way to operationalize the notion that mobility entails a process rather than a one-time move. The article explores what mobility-based categories could look like, based on a recent, large-N, primary data collection project on secondary-school student’s mobility in three European countries and one African one.

Examining strength at home couples to prevent intimate partner violence on a military installation: A randomized controlled trial.

In this study, the effectiveness of a couples-based group intervention to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV), Strength at Home Couples (SAH-C), was examined on a military installation relative to a comparison intervention, Supportive Prevention (SP). It was expected that greater reductions in use of physical, psychological, and sexual IPV behaviors, as well as reduced suicidality, would be found among service members and their partners in SAH-C relative to SP. Participants included 138 couples randomized to SAH-C and SP through a clinical controlled trial embedded in a hybrid effectiveness implementation study which took place on a military installation. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales and Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse were used to measure IPV, and 13 Military Suicide Research Consortium common data elements were used to assess suicidality. Service members randomized to SAH-C evidenced greater reductions based on effect sizes across the assessment time points for all IPV variables, including use of overall physical IPV, severe physical IPV, sexual IPV, psychological IPV, and coercive control IPV relative to those randomized to SP. Partners of service members demonstrated a similar general pattern for reductions in use of IPV, but findings were not as robust as for service members. Both service members and partners demonstrated greater reductions in suicidality based on effect sizes when randomized to SAH-C relative to SP. Findings extend prior work demonstrating the promising effects of SAH-C delivered in the military context and highlight the possible benefits of SAH-C in preventing self-harm thoughts and behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통한 유아교육과정 운영 자기평가도구 개발 방향 탐색

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of development of a self-evaluation tool for early childhood education curriculum operation and establish evaluation criteria through focus group interviews.
 Methods For this purpose, a focus group interview questionnaire was created based on the results of literature research and big data analysis, and focus group interviews were conducted with six participants consisting of an early childhood education expert (professor), an early childhood education field expert (director), and an early childhood education field expert (teacher). The collected data was analyzed using open coding and constant comparison analysis methods created by Glaser and Strauss.
 Results The results of this study were as follows: It was found that the self-evaluation tool for early childhood curriculum operation needs to be developed as a self-evaluation tool for early childhood curriculum operation based on a strengths-based evaluative approach. In addition, it was found that there was a need to establish a minimum evaluation standard by extracting common elements for various evaluation areas shown in the national-level early childhood education curriculum institutional evaluation and covering only essential contents for quality management of early childhood education curriculum operation.
 Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it was possible to confirm not only the necessity and expected effects of developing a self-evaluation tool for early childhood curriculum operation based on a strengths-based evaluative approach but also the direction of development of a self-evaluation tool for early childhood curriculum operation based on a strengths-based evaluative approach.

In service of disruption: examining mediators of White racial identity through inservice professional development addressing race and racism

ABSTRACT Research on professional development (PD) with practicing White teachers has traditionally focused on shifting White teachers’ attitudes, whereas more recent research has explored the role of emotions in White teachers’ engagement in such learning. Leveraging theory on culturally disruptive pedagogy and a qualitative phenomenological approach, this article analyses the experiences of a group of White educators across a suburban Mid-Atlantic district, asking, what common elements are associated with ‘disruptions’ White educators may experience in PD addressing race and racism? Building on previous research calling attention to the complex, multifaceted nature of White cultural conditioning and related processes of ‘unlearning’, cognitive, emotional, spatial, and embodied mediating elements are documented and analysed. Implications for future research and PD design and facilitation are discussed.

Cheilitis: causes, therapy and prevention

Inflammation of the lip skin that can be characterized by peeling, erythema and swelling is known as cheilitis. This condition may be present in a number of skin and systemic diseases. The inflammation process is usually limited to the vermillion border of the lips, but in some cases, it may spread to the skin surrounding the lips and even to the oral mucosa. Cheilitis can be divided into several types due to its causes. Irritant contact cheilitis is the result of frequent hot or dry air exposure. Allergic cheilitis is a delayed reaction following contact with allergens. Atopic cheilitis occurs in individuals suffering from atopic dermatitis. Infection with Candida albicans or Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of angular cheilitis, which also often occurs as a result of insufficient oral hygiene or improperly selected dentures. Drug-induced cheilitis occurs as a result of intake of certain medications, mainly systemic retinoids. Therapy for cheilitis depends on the factor that triggered the inflammation and is aimed at eliminating unpleasant symptoms. Due to variety of triggers for cheilitis, treatment of this disease may need to consider the involvement of different specialists: dermatologists, dentists, and in some cases, oncologists. Common elements of the treatment of cheilitis, regardless of its etiological factor, is the prescription of special-purpose care products that will have moisturizing and softening effects on the lip skin. This article describes several clinical cases demonstrating the effectiveness of lip care products, which composition provides anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and regenerating effects.

Wine landscapes and culture as drivers of local and regional development in pandemic times: a comparative study among Peruvian and Spanish cellars

ABSTRACT During the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic, the wine cellars – some of them considered tourist attractions – have been forced to rethink and reshape their touristic offer. This situation has focused on the wine landscape as the main attraction instead of wine cellars since outdoor activities have been most demanded by tourists eager to escape their cities’ lockdown restrictions. The primary purpose of this paper focuses on understanding the role of wine landscapes in driving the tourism sector in regions where those wineries were still operating. In addition, it aims to understand the management decisions during COVID-19 regarding wine tourism experiences based on wine landscapes and how those decisions might drive local and regional development. To achieve this goal, the present research proposes a comparative analysis of wine cellars in Peru and Spain. Therefore, a qualitative methodology is applied based on three focus groups with 14 wine cellar managers. The analysis focuses on the common elements of local and regional development proposed by Pike et al. (2006. Desarrollo local y regional. Traducción de Noguera, J. (2011). Publicaciones de la Universidad de Valencia) linked to winescapes. The results obtained revealed, how winescapes are crucial elements for contributing to local and regional development. Moreover, they provide insights regarding intangible cultural resources as a mechanism for recovering the tourism sector and how managers could take advantage of them. The conclusions highlight the potential of winescapes for tourism to recover regardless of the country and the ample room for improvement by the wine cellar managers, where the analysis identifies the lack of knowledge and creativity applied to their tourism offer.

Analysis of the Scientific Production on Assisted Human Reproduction (2003-2023)

The right to procreate should be provided for in every country's legislation. Infertility needs to be considered as an important public health issue. The absence of regulation could affect the essence of assisted human reproduction. In the present research, a review of the following databases was considered: Scopus, WoS, and PubMed, which were selected for their contribution and scientific rigor demonstrated over time. Twenty documents corresponding to the period 2003 to February 2023 were analyzed through a review of the literature. The results obtained were that Canada and Ireland were identified as the most cited countries. Along the same lines, the most cited journals correspond to Scopus quartile 1. Likewise, the article entitled Distributive Justice and Infertility Treatment in Canada is the most cited and was published in 2008. It was concluded that the common elements in the most studied legislation in scientific publications related to assisted human reproduction in the period 2003-2023 are access to treatment, consolidation of the right to procreate, and ethics in fertilization.
 
 Received: 10 June 2023 / Accepted: 28 January 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

A Diagnostic Curve for Online Fault Detection in AC Drives

The AC drive is an important component and the most common element of any manufacturing process. A particularly serious task is the proper assessment of the AC drive’s technical condition, as its failure can cause problems for entire units and complexes of industrial enterprises. At present, there are several approaches either to determine electric drives’ condition or to find certain defects. Frequently, these methods require the installation of additional equipment that exceeds the price of the electric drive by several times. In this work, a simple approach is proposed. It includes the use of a diagnostic curve to assess the condition. This diagnostic curve is produced from the measurement results of the current sensors on the drive. Based on the Park vector modification, this is a simple and affordable way to obtain real-time information. The obtained curve can be used for the following purposes: directly for condition assessment by visual monitoring, as a sign for diagnostic systems built on artificial intelligence methods, for dynamic tuning of the drive control system. The article gives the algorithm for obtaining the diagnostic curve, showing its efficiency for model and field experiments. In model experiments, the faults in the rotor and stator of the drive were simulated; in field experiments, the state was analyzed by changing the load on the motor.

Eye tracking in a teaching context: comparative study of the professional vision of university supervisor trainers and pre-service teachers in initial training for secondary education in French-speaking Belgium

This study explores the visual strategies of University Supervisor Trainers (UST) for teachers [Upper Secondary Education Teaching Certification—Agrégation de l’Enseignement Secondaire Supérieur (AESS)] in French-speaking Belgium and the pre-service teachers (PT) they train. It aims to understand how these two groups observe a teaching situation, on video, using an eye-tracking device. The video shows the start of a geography lesson given by a trainee in a primary school class. Three research questions were formulated, examining (a) the actor observed (the trainee, the pupil working groups and 4 pupil profiles present in the scene), (b) the visual strategies used to access these actors, and (c) the visual itineraries when a planning error by the trainee is presented on the screen. To answer, we chose to carry out an analysis based on oculometric indicators (fixing, visit, and first view). The results show that UST and PT focus their attention on the same groups of students. However, they do not do so in the same way. UST adopt visual strategies that are distinct from those of PT, thus aligning their approaches with those of expert teachers in other studies using eye tracking. Within these strategies, we highlight two important points: (a) the emergence of dynamic and floating visual strategies in the UST, characterized by more frequent revisits (significantly validated) and fixations of shorter duration than in PT; and (b) less fixation of UST in observing students who are very active in class compared to PT. Finally, the specific analysis of the UST gaze itineraries at the time of the trainee’s planning error reflected both common elements (e.g., teaching tools) and divergent elements (e.g., checking pupils).

Development and validation of a general-purpose ReaxFF reactive force field for earth material modeling.

ReaxFF reactive force field bridges the gap between nonreactive molecular simulations and quantum mechanical calculations and has been widely applied during the past two decades. However, its application to earth materials, especially those under high T-P conditions relevant to Earth's interior, is still limited due to the lack of available parameters. Here, we present the development and validation of a ReaxFF force field containing several of the most common elements in Earth's crust, i.e., Si/Al/O/H/Na/K. The force field was trained against a large data set obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including charges, bond/angle distortion curves, equation of states, ion migration energy profiles, and condensation reaction energies. Different coordination environments were considered in the training set. The fitting results showed that the current force field can well reproduce the DFT data (the Pearson correlation coefficient, Rp, is 0.95). We validated the force field on mineral-water interfaces, hydrous melts/supercritical geofluids, and bulk crystals. It was found that the current force field performed excellently in predicting the structural, thermodynamic, and transport properties of various systems (Rp = 0.95). Moreover, possible applications and future development have been discussed. The results obtained in this study suggest that the current force field holds good promise to model a wide range of processes and thus open opportunities to advance the application of ReaxFF in earth material modeling.

Matrix for understanding perinatal psychic processes mediated by assisted reproductive technology

This writing is the product of more than fifteen years of clinical work with patients who attend to medically assisted reproduction treatments, including our own clinical cases and those of other colleagues. Some of them compiled in the book “Wishes, children, technologies”, others developed in writings of my authorship in recent years. This clinical material has allowed me to develop a matrix of understanding of the psychological processes that women undergo throughout reproductive treatments, which includes a series of losses that are added to the psychic processing that occurs in natural pregnancies. This general matrix serves as a compass to guide us around some common elements that usually appear in reproductive treatments that last years. Having an ethical horizon of promotion and protection of the right to mental health of women facing reproductive treatments, we propose an interdisciplinary approach to medically assisted reproduction processes with a privileged heeding to singularity

Opportunities and Challenges in Using the “Community of Inquiry” Model in Teaching Ethics

Philosophy for children (P4C) is an area that has experienced impressive growth in recent decades, proving to be a highly valuable resource in children's development. Studies demonstrate its significant impact on the development of logical thinking, critical reasoning, imagination, and fostering openness to dialogue and collaboration. While there are various perspectives and methods in the field of philosophy for children, a common element among them all is the centrality of the concept of dialogue. P4C serves as a paradigmatic example of what dialogical education represents. The underlying assumption of this paper is that the specific practices of philosophy for children provide valuable methods and perspectives that can be useful in teaching ethics in communication and ethics in general, particularly for students without prior training in philosophy. Recognizing the potential challenges and the need for context-specific adaptation, this paper seeks to illustrate how the integration of the models used in P4C practices, such as the communities of inquiry, into communication ethics education, can provide a promising and innovative approach to fostering ethical and critical thinking in students.

The Structures of Political, Economic, and Socio-cultural Rhetorical Narratives on Social Media

This research was conducted on the ground of the reason for the increasingly widespread use of narratives on various social media platforms. Narrative is an event whereby someone represents an event aiming to influence the understanding, emotions and values of others. This study qualitatively aims to capture the most common elements of narrative structure focusing on political, economic, and socio-cultural rhetorical narratives data originated from social media platforms. The theoretical model of narrative structure consisting of Abstract, Orientation, Complicating Actions, Resolution, Evaluation and Coda, as proposed by Labov and Waletzky was used to analyze the narrative data collected during the first four months of 2022. On the ground of social situated meanings, the findings show that the most common model of narrative structure is fully used whenever greater details of events, facts, or information are needed to be emphasized. For such reasons, all the elements of narrative structure are held to be obligatory. The findings show that some elements of narrative structure are left out and held to be optional as such elements are not considered necessary to convey the main content. In addition, the findings also show that some particular element allows it to be further developed with more embedded events, facts, opinion, or information.

Fuzzy cognitive maps for municipal governance improvement.

This paper applies Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) to understand the diverse behavior of municipal governments in Ecuador to find common elements that influence the well-being of citizens in the short and long term. Information gathering was conducted in two stages: in the first one, a group of 16 national experts was consulted to develop the initial FCM; in the second stage, local experts from 220 municipalities were interviewed to collect information on the general validity of initial FCMs and specific values given to concepts and relationships in their municipalities. Results show the importance of certain concepts for long-term municipal performance, such as the need for a competitive entrepreneurial sector, improving human resources in the municipality, and, particularly, having a competent mayor with leadership skills and a forward-looking vision that enables the development of municipal projects required to reach an efficient and equitable coverage of goods and services throughout the city. Through the application of genetic algorithms, the FCM was calibrated to ascertain the long-term dynamics of municipal development and the optimal values of the concepts that would optimize the attainment of the set objectives. The derived outcomes suggest the desirability of the maintenance of, in principle, unwanted structures like financial transfers from the central government and the need to exploit natural resources to attain urban development.

TERM NESTS AS A REFLECTION OF THE SYSTEM AND CONCEPTUAL DYNAMICS
 OF THE FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EU LANGUAGE POLICY TERMINOLOGY)

The article presents the systematic nature of the terminology of the EU language policy through the construction of term nests. Terminological management techniques (inventory and ordering of terminology); derivational analysis;
 terminological nesting; structural analysis in identifying terminological elements typical for the target subject area are
 used to achieve the goal of the research. The methodology of the research is based on the works of leading scientiststerminologists. Nominations received as a result of processing by the terminological extractors Sketch Engine and AntConc of the research corpus based on the texts of 340 English-language official documents reflecting various aspects of the EU language policy, as well as the terms presented in the glossaries accompanying these documents make up the
 material of the research. 29 nests of all types, namely 4 potential nests, 75 elementary nests, 66 chain nests, 35 fan nests,
 and 110 complex nests, have been constructed. It has been found out that the term nests are an important means to systematize terminology, as they can be used to identify micro-sections of the target subject area and establish links
 between them. It has been deduced that the consistency within the nest is ensured by formal and semantic connections between the terms, and the presence of common terminological elements in different nests reflects the systematic nature
 of the target terminology.

Molecular guidelines for promising antimicrobial agents

Antimicrobial resistance presents a pressing challenge to public health, which requires the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Various experimental and theoretical methods are employed to understand drug-target interactions and propose multistep solutions. Nonetheless, efficient screening of drug databases requires rapid and precise numerical analysis to validate antimicrobial efficacy. Diptool addresses this need by predicting free energy barriers and local minima for drug translocation across lipid membranes. In the current study employing Diptool free energy predictions, the thermodynamic commonalities between selected antimicrobial molecules were characterized and investigated. To this end, various clustering methods were used to identify promising groups with antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the molecular fingerprinting and machine learning approach (ML) revealed common structural elements and physicochemical parameters in these clusters, such as long carbon chains, charged ammonium groups, and low dipole moments. This led to the establishment of guidelines for the selection of effective antimicrobial candidates based on partition coefficients (logP) and molecular mass ranges. These guidelines were implemented within the Reinforcement Learning for Structural Evolution (ReLeaSE) framework, generating new chemicals with desired properties. Interestingly, ReLeaSE produced molecules with structural profiles similar to the antimicrobial agents tested, confirming the importance of the identified features. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the ability of molecular fingerprinting and AI-driven methods to identify promising antimicrobial agents with a broad range of properties. These findings deliver substantial implications for the development of antimicrobial drugs and the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The Effects of Teaching Human and Social Sciences in A Training Program Intended for Physical Education Students in Tunisia

This research addresses the question of the social representation of human sciences teaching in a training program intended for physical education student trainees. The objectives of the study are to identify the social representations of human sciences teaching for student trainees and to see the influence of social representation on practice[1]and educational behaviors. Data was collected through in-depth interviews using an associative method with a representative sample of students. The results show that the participants' social representation of the human sciences is organized around common elements: the understanding of human beliefs, life and culture.

Substitute Buttons: Exploring Tactile Perception of Physical Buttons for Use as Haptic Proxies

Buttons are everywhere and are one of the most common interaction elements in both physical and digital interfaces. While virtual buttons offer versatility, enhancing them with realistic haptic feedback is challenging. Achieving this requires a comprehensive understanding of the tactile perception of physical buttons and their transferability to virtual counterparts. This research investigates tactile perception concerning button attributes such as shape, size, and roundness and their potential generalization across diverse button types. In our study, participants interacted with each of the 36 buttons in our search space and provided a response to which one they thought they were touching. The findings were used to establish six substitute buttons capable of effectively emulating tactile experiences across various buttons. In a second study, these substitute buttons were validated against virtual buttons in VR. Highlighting the potential use of the substitute buttons as haptic proxies for applications such as encountered-type haptics.

Nature-Based Management of Lawns—Enhancing Biodiversity in Urban Green Infrastructure

Urban green areas have multifunctional benefits that may mitigate unfavorable health and ecological effects. Green areas represent important biodiversity hideouts in anthropogenic regions. Lawns are the most common elements of urban greenery, covering a considerable number of green areas in cities. The aim of this analysis was to gain knowledge on urban greenery and elaborate recommendations related to management that favors grass lawn biodiversity. The established working hypothesis is that the limited intensity of management in urban grass areas is reflected in the modification of their species composition, as well as their potential ecological functions. An experiment on the management of city lawns was conducted in 2010 (still ongoing). There are three lawn variants under different management methods: ornamental, city, and permaculture lawns. Vegetation was assessed using the method of phytocoenological relevés. The coverage values of the individual plant species were processed using multidimensional analysis of ecological data. The results showed that human decisions and activities affected the species composition of these grassy areas. There were 46 plant taxa found during the monitoring: 12 in ornamental lawn variants, 24 in city lawn variants, and 31 in permaculture lawn variants. Permaculture lawns with extensive management represent the most environmentally friendly variant with respect to biodiversity and soil moisture content. However, changes in species composition have raised questions regarding the extent to which they may perform other ecosystem functions. Increasing the intensity of lawn management has resulted in lower plant diversity. Extensive management alters the aesthetic value of lawns and creates spaces for species that may spread in urban environments.

Research on the Influence of Open Underground Space Entrance Forms on the Microclimate: A Case Study in Xuzhou, China

With urban development and renewal, underground space is becoming more utilized. The design and use of open underground public space entrances and exits have become more and more frequent. As a pedestrian passage connecting indoors and outdoors, the wind and thermal environment of open entrances have a great impact on human comfort. This paper investigates the open underground space entrances and exits in Xuzhou. Physical environments such as temperature and wind speed were measured. Through numerical simulation, the influence relationships between the spatial form elements of open entrances and exits and microclimate and thermal comfort were investigated. This study showed that there are four common spatial morphological elements of open entrances and exits. The physiologicafl equivalent temperature (PET) of the outdoor part of the entrance is the highest in summer, and the lowest in winter, and the PET is most affected by the shape of the opening plane and the aspect ratio, which are linearly related. The trends of the spatial morphology elements were not consistent when seeking the optimal situation of PET in summer and winter, respectively. The relationship between the spatial form elements of entrances and PET established in this study provides technical guidance for the design of open entrances, which can help improve environmental quality and enhance human comfort.