Common Dermatologic Conditions Research Articles

REVIEW: THE POTENTIAL OF HERBAL PLANTS AS ANTI-ALOPECIA MEDICINES

Hair loss, or alopecia, is a common dermatological condition that affects up to 2% of the world's population. It is often caused by genetic factors, such as male or female pattern baldness, but can also be attributed to various environmental factors, an imbalanced diet, or chronic illnesses. While hair loss is not life-threatening, it can lead to significant anxiety, depression, and other psychological issues, ultimately affecting one's quality of life. Various treatments for baldness, including synthetic drugs like minoxidil and finasteride, or herbal remedies, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Although synthetic drugs are effective, they may come with potential side effects. Natural remedies have been proposed as a viable option for treating baldness because many chronic disorders can lead to alopecia. Therefore, this review focuses on identifying efficient alternative treatment agents with limited side effects. Specifically, it considers medicinal plants as potential healing agents for treating baldness. To gather relevant information for this study, several databases were searched, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive searches were conducted using various search terms, such as "baldness," "alopecia," "natural remedies for baldness," "herbal treatment for baldness," and others, to extract relevant scientific articles. Many medicinal plants and natural compounds have shown potential for reducing baldness, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. According to existing literature, extracts of medicinal plants and formulations derived from plants, such as Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Arctium lappa L., Centella asiatica L., Morinda citrifolia, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Alpinia zerumbet, ...

Effectiveness of topical hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in xerosis cutis treatment in elderly: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Dry skin is a common dermatological condition that frequently affects the elderly. A contributing cause to dry skin is a reduced concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in both the epidermis and dermis. The effectiveness of moisturizer containing HA as a therapy for dry skin is impacted by its specific molecular weight. Low molecular weight HA (LMWHA) is believed to be more effective in replenishing skin hydration in aging skin compared to High Molecular Weight HA (HMWHA) due to its ability to penetrate the stratum corneum. However, there is a lack of clinical research supporting this claim. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 residents of a nursing home in Jakarta. The participants, aged between 60 and 80 years, had been diagnosed with dry skin. Each test subject was administered three distinct, randomized moisturizing lotions (LMWHA, HMWHA, or vehicle), to be topically applied to three separate sites on the leg. Skin capacitance (SCap), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and specified symptom sum score (SRRC) were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4. After four weeks of therapy, area that was treated with LMWHA showed greater SCap values compared to the area treated with HMWHA (56.37 AU vs. 52.37 AU, p = 0.004) and vehicle (56.37 AU vs. 49.01 AU, p < 0.001). All groups did not show any significant differences in TEWL and SRRC scores. No side effects were found in all groups. The application of a moisturizer containing LMWHA to the dry skin of elderly resulted in significant improvements in skin hydration compared to moisturizers containing HMWHA and vehicle. Furthermore, these moisturizers demonstrated similar safety in treating dry skin in the elderly. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06178367, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06178367 .

Methodology Validation: Correlating Adherent Scalp Flaking Score (ASFS) With Phototrichogram for Scalp Dandruff Evaluation in Adult Subjects.

Introduction Scalp dandruff is a common dermatological condition characterized by flaking and itching of the scalp, affecting a significant portion of the population. Effective assessment methods are crucial for evaluating treatment outcomes. This study aimed to establish the reliability and correlation of three assessment techniques: Adherent Scalp Flaking Score (ASFS), phototrichogram using CASLite Nova, and the 60-second hair combing test. Methods This open-label, single-arm, single-center, prospective clinical study enrolled 12 adult subjects with mild to moderate dandruff. Evaluations were conducted before and after a standardized hair-wash intervention using three methods: ASFS, phototrichogram using CASLite Nova, and the 60-second hair combing test. The primary objective was to establish correlations between these assessment techniques. Inter-evaluator and inter-operator reliability were assessed using Fleiss Multirater Kappa. Results Significant reductions in dandruff were observed across all methods post-hair wash. The ASFS decreased from 23.67±2.06 at baseline to 6.67±4.46, showing a mean reduction of 17.00±5.22 (71.40%, p<0.001). phototrichogram analysis revealed that 60.42% of the total (n=96) scalp zones assessed were in normal condition post-hair washcompared to none at baseline. The 60-second hair combing test showed a reduction in non-adherent flakes, with 58.33% of subjects displaying light flakes and 41.67% showing no flakes post-hair wash. The chi-squared test indicated a significant association (p<0.001) between ASFS and phototrichogram results. Inter-evaluator variability for ASFS and the hair combing test demonstrated substantial agreement (Kappa=0.692 and 0.637, respectively, p<0.0001). Inter-operator reliability for phototrichogram also showed substantial agreement (Kappa=0.746, p<0.0001). Conclusion The study confirms the reliability and consistency of ASFS, phototrichogram, and the 60-second hair combing test in assessing scalp dandruff. The significant correlations of ASFS and phototrichogram via CASLite Nova validate their use in clinical settings. Comprehensive training for evaluators and operators is essential to achieve reproducible and accurate results. These findings provide a robust framework for future studies and clinical assessments of scalp dandruff.

The 2023 Annual Report of DataDerm: The database of the American Academy of Dermatology

The American Academy of Dermatology launched DataDerm in 2016 as the clinical data registry platform of American Academy of Dermatology. DataDerm has evolved to be the largest database in the world containing information about dermatology patients, capturing information about their course of disease, associated therapeutic interventions, and health outcomes. As of December 31, 2022, DataDerm contained data from 14.2 million unique patients and 53.5 million unique patient visits, with 415 practices representing 1663 clinicians actively participating in DataDerm in 2022. This article is the fourth in a series of Annual Reports about the status of DataDerm. This year's 2023 Annual Report presents the progress DataDerm has made in conjunction with OM1, the data analytics partner of DataDerm, with a special highlight on the longitudinal care of common dermatologic conditions in the registry and a detailed focus on skin cancer. Furthermore, we review the current status of DataDerm as a robust representation of real world specialty data, reflecting the day-to-day dermatologic care of patients over time.

Landscape of social networking support groups for common dermatological conditions.

Dermatological conditions are one of the most common reasons for clinical visits. Not only can they have a profound effect on patients' cosmetic appearances, but they also have a notable impact on their self-esteem, confidence, and body image, ultimately causing psychological distress. As social networking platforms become the new public space for discussion, patients have transitioned from in-person support groups to seeking online advice, support, and guidance. We conducted queries across various social networking platforms to identify and analyze active social networking support groups for common dermatological conditions. Thirty-six online support groups were identified for the top four dermatological conditions with the highest disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). We analyzed, recorded, and categorized each group according to target dermatological condition, social networking platform, support group host, engagement rate, and content of posts. In the groups identified, the majority were patient-driven (88.89%). When evaluating the engagement activity and frequency, 77.78% (n = 28) of groups had daily posts and 22.22% (n = 8) posted weekly. Additionally, we discovered a notable feature among support groups on Facebook and Reddit being more interactive and collaborative. This underscores the importance of enabling patients with dermatological conditions to generate posts and engage in open discourse, rather than absorbing single-user generated content from other popular platforms. Understanding the current landscape of social networking support groups can aid clinicians in disseminating information and resources for patients to create communities with other patients.

The synergistic effects of Guaiacum officinale and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extracts in the treatment of acne vulgaris on sensitive skin.

Acne vulgaris, a common chronic dermatological condition worldwide, is associated with inflammatory response and Cutibacterium acnes. Individuals with acne vulgaris and sensitive skin have limited suitable treatments due to the skin irritation and side effects exhibited by current hydroxy acidic medications. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of Guaiacum officinale (GO) and Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (RT) extracts for treating acne vulgaris on sensitive skin by inhibiting inflammation. The phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of GO and RT extracts were determined invitro. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced HaCaT cells. Further, a 28-day clinical trial was conducted involving 30 subjects with both sensitive skin and acne to evaluate the efficacy and subjects' satisfaction. Total phenolics and flavonoids were detected in GO and RT extracts, the IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging were 6.15 wt% and 0.76 wt%, respectively. The combination of GO and RT extracts at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio significantly decreased the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4, as well as the secretion of IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α in PGN-induced HaCaT cells, by 2.30-7.93 times compared to GO extract alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the cream containing 5 wt% the combination significantly improved facial acne and redness (p < 0.05). The number of comedones decreased by 50.00% and papules by 30.65% after 28 days of application. No adverse events were reported and 96.67% of the subjects were satisfied with the treatment. The efficacy of the GO and RT extracts in synergistically suppressing inflammation, improving acne vulgaris, and reducing redness. The study offers an effective and non-irritant treatment for acne vulgaris in individuals with sensitive skin.

The American Academy of Dermatology's "Good Skin Knowledge" program enhances children and adolescents' confidence regarding dermatologic knowledge.

The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has resources meant to be used by children. Herein, we discuss the Good Skin Knowledge (GSK) curriculum, which was created to educate youth aged 8-13 about common dermatologic conditions to promote healthy skin habits, build self-confidence, and encourage careers in science and medicine. To assess participants' confidence regarding understanding and retention of GSK materials, the authors developed a pre- and post-training survey consisting of 10 questions. Results of our survey demonstrate a significant improvement in participants confidence regarding knowledge of skin function and care with at least two thirds of youth surveyed indicating understanding across all areas, with the largest gains centered around knowledge of the three skin layers, knowing what a dermatologist does, and appreciating the causes of acne.

Assessing the Application of Large Language Models in Generating Dermatologic Patient Education Materials According to Reading Level: Qualitative Study.

Dermatologic patient education materials (PEMs) are often written above the national average seventh- to eighth-grade reading level. ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, DermGPT, and DocsGPT are large language models (LLMs) that are responsive to user prompts. Our project assesses their use in generating dermatologic PEMs at specified reading levels. This study aims to assess the ability of select LLMs to generate PEMs for common and rare dermatologic conditions at unspecified and specified reading levels. Further, the study aims to assess the preservation of meaning across such LLM-generated PEMs, as assessed by dermatology resident trainees. The Flesch-Kincaid reading level (FKRL) of current American Academy of Dermatology PEMs was evaluated for 4 common (atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and herpes zoster) and 4 rare (epidermolysis bullosa, bullous pemphigoid, lamellar ichthyosis, and lichen planus) dermatologic conditions. We prompted ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, DermGPT, and DocsGPT to "Create a patient education handout about [condition] at a [FKRL]" to iteratively generate 10 PEMs per condition at unspecified fifth- and seventh-grade FKRLs, evaluated with Microsoft Word readability statistics. The preservation of meaning across LLMs was assessed by 2 dermatology resident trainees. The current American Academy of Dermatology PEMs had an average (SD) FKRL of 9.35 (1.26) and 9.50 (2.3) for common and rare diseases, respectively. For common diseases, the FKRLs of LLM-produced PEMs ranged between 9.8 and 11.21 (unspecified prompt), between 4.22 and 7.43 (fifth-grade prompt), and between 5.98 and 7.28 (seventh-grade prompt). For rare diseases, the FKRLs of LLM-produced PEMs ranged between 9.85 and 11.45 (unspecified prompt), between 4.22 and 7.43 (fifth-grade prompt), and between 5.98 and 7.28 (seventh-grade prompt). At the fifth-grade reading level, GPT-4 was better at producing PEMs for both common and rare conditions than ChatGPT-3.5 (P=.001 and P=.01, respectively), DermGPT (P<.001 and P=.03, respectively), and DocsGPT (P<.001 and P=.02, respectively). At the seventh-grade reading level, no significant difference was found between ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, DocsGPT, or DermGPT in producing PEMs for common conditions (all P>.05); however, for rare conditions, ChatGPT-3.5 and DocsGPT outperformed GPT-4 (P=.003 and P<.001, respectively). The preservation of meaning analysis revealed that for common conditions, DermGPT ranked the highest for overall ease of reading, patient understandability, and accuracy (14.75/15, 98%); for rare conditions, handouts generated by GPT-4 ranked the highest (14.5/15, 97%). GPT-4 appeared to outperform ChatGPT-3.5, DocsGPT, and DermGPT at the fifth-grade FKRL for both common and rare conditions, although both ChatGPT-3.5 and DocsGPT performed better than GPT-4 at the seventh-grade FKRL for rare conditions. LLM-produced PEMs may reliably meet seventh-grade FKRLs for select common and rare dermatologic conditions and are easy to read, understandable for patients, and mostly accurate. LLMs may play a role in enhancing health literacy and disseminating accessible, understandable PEMs in dermatology.

How eating sweets affects the skin – the impact of high glycemic index diet on acne formation: A review

How eating sweets affects the skin – the impact of high glycemic index diet on acne formation: A review

Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies.

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.

Self-Esteem, Social Appearance Anxiety and Quality of Life among Adolescents with Acne

Background: Acne is a common dermatological condition affecting adolescents, often leading to psychological issues such as low self-esteem and social appearance anxiety. Understanding the impact of acne on quality of life during adolescence is crucial for developing effective interventions. Objective: To explore the relationship between acne, self-esteem, social appearance anxiety, and quality of life among adolescents, and to identify gender differences and significant predictors of quality of life in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling to recruit 327 adolescents aged 12-19 years from various educational institutions in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Participants completed the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Teenager's Quality of Life Index (T-QoL). Informed consent was obtained directly from participants aged 18 and older, and from guardians for those younger than 18. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Pearson's correlation, t-tests, and linear regression to assess relationships and predictors. Reliability of the scales was confirmed, and psychometric properties were evaluated. Results: Significant correlations were found between acne and social appearance anxiety (r = 0.523, p &lt; 0.01), acne and self-esteem (r = -0.320, p &lt; 0.01), and acne and quality of life (r = 0.566, p &lt; 0.01). Females reported higher self-esteem (M = 27.46, SD = 4.59) compared to males (M = 26.33, SD = 3.50, t(325) = -2.52, p = 0.01). Social appearance anxiety was the most significant predictor of quality of life (β = 0.61, p &lt; 0.01), followed by self-esteem (β = -0.12, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Acne significantly impacts adolescents' psychological well-being, particularly through increased social appearance anxiety and reduced self-esteem. Gender differences highlight the need for tailored interventions. Addressing social appearance anxiety can improve the quality of life for adolescents with acne.

Xanthone Derivatives and Their Potential Usage in the Treatment of Telangiectasia and Rosacea

Xanthone derivatives, a class of natural compounds abundantly found in plants such as mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and certain herbs, have garnered substantial interest due to their diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Recent investigations have unveiled their potential as modulators of enzymatic activity, prompting exploration into their effects on hyaluronidase-mediated hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation, and their effects in topical treatment of telangiectasia and rosacea. Telangiectasia and rosacea are common dermatological conditions characterized by chronic skin inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and visible blood vessels, resulting in significant cosmetic concerns and impaired quality of life for affected individuals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding regarding the interplay between the mechanisms of action by which xanthone derivatives exert their therapeutic effects, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of oxidative stress pathways, and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors. Furthermore, we will discuss the implications of harnessing xanthone derivatives as therapeutic agents for mitigating vascular dysfunction and its associated pathologies, thereby offering insights into future research directions and therapeutic strategies in the field of vascular biology.

Assessment of peripheral blood toll-like receptor 2 expression and vitamin D serum level as predictors of response to intralesional vitamin D in the treatment of warts

Background Warts are common dermatological conditions caused by human papilloma virus. Most treatments for human papilloma virus rely on the destruction of involved tissue. The role of vitamin D injection in treating warts is thought to be via regulating cell proliferation and differentiation through the upregulation of vitamin D receptors and the induction of antimicrobial peptides. Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of intralesional vitamin D in the treatment of cutaneous warts and also the significance of peripheral blood toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) expression and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in predicting the therapeutic success. Patients and methods In this prospective interventional study, 50 patients of cutaneous warts were subjected to history taking, proper dermatological examination, and peripheral venous blood collection for detection of TLR2 mRNA expression and a serum level of 25 (OH) D. Vitamin D3 was slowly injected into the base of the largest or the oldest wart at 2-week intervals. Results A total of 34 (69.4%) patients showed response to intralesional Vitamin D [21 (42.9%) showed complete resolution of all lesions, 13 (26.5%) showed partial clearing] and 15 (30.6%) patients showed poor or no response after four sessions. Serum level of vitamin D did not show a significant relation with treatment response. TLR2 expression was higher in the group showing complete response. Conclusion Intralesional vitamin D injection offers a safe and cost-effective therapy for different types of cutaneous warts. TLR2 expression in patients’ serum can be used to predict response to treatment by intralesional vitamin D, with better response in patients with higher expression.

Investigating the Relationship Between Acne and Vasodilatory Medications in a Hospital-Wide Adult Population.

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic dermatological condition characterized by obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Recent research on a different dermatologic condition has demonstrated that the use of vasodilatory medications is associated with a decreased relative risk of rosacea. This finding is significant due to the overlapping inflammatory pathways involved in rosacea and acne. Herein, a retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the correlation between vasodilator usage and the risk of developing acne within 5 years, contrasting it with thiazide diuretics, chosen as a control due to its non-vasodilatory antihypertensive mechanism and availability of data. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (RR, 0.775; 95% CI, 0.727-0.826; P&lt;0.05), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (RR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.685-0.797; P&lt;0.05), beta-blockers (BB) (RR, 0.829; 95% CI, 0.777-0.885; P&lt;0.05), and calcium channel blockers (CCB) usage (RR, 0.821, 95% CI, 0.773-0.873; P&lt;0.05) were associated with a significantly lower risk of developing acne within 5 years of initiating therapy compared to thiazide diuretics. It is unclear if thiazide diuretics are more likely to cause acne within the adult population or if vasodilators are protective against the development of acne. Finding mechanisms and therapeutics that lower the risk of developing acne is of significant public health interest, and this study provides a step toward this endeavor. Further research is required to uncover the underlying mechanisms for this reduction in the development of acne.&nbsp; J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):446-449.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8362.

Efficient Skin Lesion Detection using YOLOv9 Network

Skin lesion detection plays a crucial role in dermatological diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we propose an efficient approach for skin lesion detection using the YOLOv9 network. Leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, our model demonstrates robust performance in accurately identifying various skin lesion types, including acne, atopic dermatitis, keratosis pilaris, leprosy, psoriasis, and wart. We conducted comprehensive experiments using a curated dataset comprising 2721 training images, 288 validation images, and 145 test images. The model was trained and evaluated based on standard metrics such as Precision, Recall, and mean Average Precision (mAP). Our results indicate promising detection accuracy, with an overall Precision of 60.5%, Recall of 86.0%, and an mAP of 81.4%. Class-wise analysis reveals varying levels of performance across different disease classes, highlighting the model's proficiency in detecting common dermatological conditions such as acne and wart lesions. Furthermore, we provide insights into potential challenges and limitations, including dataset size and class imbalance, and discuss avenues for future research to address these issues. Our study contributes to the advancement of AI-driven solutions for dermatological diagnosis and underscores the efficacy of the YOLOv9 network in skin lesion detection

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diaper Rash Among Infants and Toddlers Aged 2 to 24 Months in Ola During Children’s Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospital Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone

Background: Diaper rash is a common dermatological condition in infant and toddlers. This condition is also commonly seen particularly among children with malnutrition at Ola During Children’s Hospital (ODCH), Freetown, Sierra Leone. However, the prevalence of this condition in Sierra Leone is not known. This study therefore was conducted to determine the prevalence of prevalence diaper rash and associated factors in infants and toddlers admitted to ODCH.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 269 children aged 2 to 24 months. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the subjects after verbal informed consent was obtained. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. All children were examined, and a description of the perineum was also documented at the time of recruitment. Analysis was done with IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: The prevalence of diaper rash was 52%. The proportion of males with diaper rash compared to females was not statistically different. Artificial milk, cereal, malnutrition and immediate caregivers other than fathers were the factors significantly associated with diaper rash. Conclusion: The prevalence of diaper rash is high among infants and toddlers seen at the ODCH, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Factors associated with diaper rash include type of diet, nutritional status and immediate caregiver.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Bromelain and Curcumin in Treating Acne Scars: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Acne scars are a common dermatological condition, presenting various challenges for those affected. Thus, identifying an effective treatment for the lesions left by acne is crucial. It is hypothesized that bromelain and curcumin may be effective in treating scars owing to their anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: This study represents the first clinical trial to evaluate the impact of a bromelain and curcumin combination on post-acne scar lesions. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted on patients with acne scars. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (A: Bromelain-curcumin, B: Placebo, C: Bromelain-microencapsulated curcumin). Patients received either the supplement or placebo daily for one month. All three groups underwent standard AHA exfoliator treatment. After two and four weeks, the relevant questionnaires (Goodman-Baron's quantitative scoring) were completed to monitor changes in variables and to facilitate statistical analyses. Results: Seventy-six eligible patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The evaluation of the investigated variables showed that patients receiving the Anaheal Plus supplement (bromelain-curcumin) experienced significant improvements in erythema and inflammation, as well as more favorable outcomes in Goodman-Baron's quantitative scoring, while no significant improvements were observed in the other groups. Conclusions: Treatment with the bromelain-curcumin supplement reduced inflammation and erythema caused by acne vulgaris after 4 weeks. This combination could be a beneficial adjunct treatment in mitigating symptoms of post-acne scarring. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness in this context.

Pattern of Skin Diseases in Children Attending the Dermatology Clinic in Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital, Aden, Southern Yemen

Background: Skin diseases constitute a major health problem affecting a large proportion of the population including children causing distress and disability. This study aimed to determine the pattern and frequency of skin diseases. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based, cross-sectional study of all children up to 14 years old who attending dermatology clinic of Al-Gamhoria teaching hospital, Aden Yemen from January to December 2022. Results: Out of 3,184 patients, pediatric patients constituted 191 (6%),56.5% were boys and 43.5 were girls. Maximum number of patients were in the age group of &gt;1-5 years. Majority of dermatoses belonged to infections (45.1%), followed by eczema (20.9%) Bacterial infections (19.9 %) were the most common infections followed by fungal (17.3%), viral (7.9 %) and infestation constituted (13.1%). The majority of patients had one disease, (95.3%) while the rest had two diseases (4.7%). Conclusions: in the present study, infections and eczema were the most common dermatological conditions. This study provides insight about the pattern of various dermatoses among children in urban setting. Keywords: Pattern, skin disorders, children, hospital –based

Rapid Recovery of One-Sided Verruca Vulgaris (Common Wart) with Homoeopathic Treatment: A Case Report

Abstract Background Verruca vulgaris or common wart is a very common dermatological condition resulting from human papillomavirus infection affecting epithelial tissues of the skin and mucous membrane. Only destructive therapies are available in modern medicine for the treatment of such conditions. Case The case was reported at a health camp with warts on the right hand. The patient did not manifest many symptoms in the initial case recording, but on further skilful enquiry elicited symptoms which helped in the selection of remedy. Adequate patience and timely repetition of remedies helped to recover the lesion within 58 days of initiation of treatment. Conclusion Warts are a very common condition reporting at the clinic of homoeopathic physicians expecting a recovery in a mild manner. This case reports that such a condition can be efficiently treated rapidly by homoeopathy.

Management of Acne in Pregnancy.

Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions to affect women of childbearing age, so it is important to consider the safety of long-term acne treatments on women who could become pregnant. In this review article, we clarify what management options are available to treat acne during pregnancy. Topical treatments, typically first-line for acne, such as azelaic acid, clindamycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, dapsone, and retinoids, were reviewed. Systemic treatments, such as zinc supplements, cephalexin, cefadroxil, amoxicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and corticosteroids, typically second-line for acne, were also reviewed. Alternative treatments such as light therapy and cosmetic procedures were also evaluated. Due to recommendation of sunscreen utilization during acne treatments, sunscreen usage during pregnancy was also assessed. Management of acne during unplanned pregnancy was discussed in further detail regarding safety and adverse effects. Through summarized tables and examples of studies demonstrating safety and efficacy of treatments, the following is a resource for providers and patients to utilize for management of acne during pregnancy.