Common Classifications Research Articles

Violence Against Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review of Literature on the Victim-Perpetrator Relationship.

Violence against children affects children in every region, nation, and community in the world. Despite a significant body of literature about the victims of such violence, there has been little empirical research, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, focused on perpetrators, their relationship to victims, and interventions that might alter their behavior. This scoping review sought to identify and summarize the scholarly literature on perpetrators of violence against children in Sub-Saharan Africa and their relationship with victims. Using a keyword search of academic databases, we included peer-reviewed studies published from January 2013 to June 2023 that focused on physical, sexual, or emotional violence against children in Sub-Saharan Africa and included prevalence data about victim-perpetrator relationships. Eighteen of the 42 studies that met eligibility criteria shared one or more primary data sources with other studies included in this review, most frequently using data from Violence Against Children Surveys (10), the Uganda Good Schools Project (7), and the National Child Homicide Study (3). The most common classifications of perpetrators, in order of frequency, were caregivers/family members, intimate partners, peers, teachers/school staff and strangers, and the most common settings in which research took place were schools. Wide variability in the taxonomies used to define and report frequencies for age, victim, perpetrator, and type of violence obscures our ability to form a complete picture of victim-perpetrator relationships. Research emphasis on victims of violence may lead to missed opportunities to disrupt the perpetration of violence against children through interventions that specifically target its source.

Comparison of the AO/OTA 1996/2007 and 2018 pelvic ring fracture classifications.

Pelvic ring fractures may present with relevant mechanical and haemodynamic instability. Classifications of the bony or ligamentous injuries of the pelvic ring are well established. The most common classifications used analyse the injury mechanisms and the resulting instability of the pelvic ring structure. Fracture classifications should be simple and easy to use, comprehensive, andradiographically and anatomically based, resulting in a hierarchical alphanumeric order of types and subtypes and thereby allow adequate treatment decisions based on a high degree of inter- and intraobserver reliability. In 2018 a new AO/OTA pelvic ring fracture and dislocationclassification was published that combined the most commonly used "historical" classification schemes, e.g. the Tile/AO classification and the classification according to Young and Burgess. Compared with these older classifications, several relevant changes were integrated in the 2018 edition. The changes between the AO/OTA 1996/2007 and 2018 classifications were analysed in detail. Overall, several problems were identified regarding the type-B pelvic ring injury classification. These changes may result in difficulties in classifying pelvic ring injuries and thereby prevent relevant comparisons between former and future clinical studies on pelvic injuries.Level of Evidence: V.

Validation of a generic finite element vehicle buck model for near-side crashes

Objective Finite element (FE) reconstructions of motor vehicle crashes using human body models are effective tools for developing a better understanding of occupant kinematics and injuries in real-world lateral crash conditions, but current near-side reconstruction methods are limited by the paucity of full-scale FE vehicle models. The objective of this study was to validate a generic vehicle model equipped with left-side airbags and intrusion capability by simulating a series of near-side crash tests for a range of vehicles and assessing model accuracy using objective evaluation methods. Methods Moving deformable barrier crash tests were reconstructed for five common vehicle classifications (compact passenger, mid-size passenger, sport utility vehicle, pickup truck, and van) using an updated version of a previously developed simplified vehicle model. Unknown vehicle and intrusion properties (pretensioner force, seatback airbag pressure, curtain airbag pressure, door panel stiffness, ratio of dynamic-to-static intrusion, intrusion velocity, and intrusion scaling factor) were estimated by parameterizing them across 224 simulations per crash test using a Latin hypercube design of experiments. Model accuracy was assessed for 13 anthropomorphic test device signals using the Correlation and Analysis (CORA) objective rating method and injury metric comparisons. Results Maximum ratings of 0.69, 0.67, 0.52, 0.52, and 0.62 were achieved for the compact passenger, midsize passenger, sport utility vehicle, pickup truck, and van classifications, respectively. On average, the abdomen displayed the most accurate behavior (0.51 ± 0.12), followed by the thorax (0.50 ± 0.10) and head (0.50 ± 0.07). The pelvis displayed the least accurate behavior (0.46 ± 0.18) of any region. Reconstructions overpraedicted injury metrics in all cases. Conclusions All vehicles achieved “fair” biofidelity ratings and the compact passenger and midsize passenger vehicles achieved “good” biofidelity ratings, validating them for kinematic evaluations with vehicle-to-vehicle nearside crash reconstructions. Regression models were developed for injuries and CORA ratings and can be used to optimize vehicle parameters in future studies.

FORMATION OF CORPORATE CULTURE OF OFFICERS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The article analyzes various perspectives on the formation of corporate culture. The purpose of the article is to review foreign scientific research in the context of the formation of corporate culture in military organizations. Among the analyzed sources are both fundamental works and works of modern authors describing the current state of affairs in the armed forces of Western countries. To achieve the defined goal and fulfill the tasks, theoretical research methods were applied – analysis, synthesis, generalization of scientific sources, in which the definitions of “corporate culture” and “organizational culture” were determined and the state of their formation in the armed forces of different countries was described. The results of research. It is observed that foreign researchers often conflate the concepts of “corporate culture” and “organizational culture”. The majority of scholars focus their studies on organizational culture, with leadership recognized as one of the most influential factors shaping it. Furthermore, the development of corporate culture is closely intertwined with societal and military unit traditions. National, historical, religious, racial, social, and gender characteristics contribute to the establishment of distinct sets of norms and traditions that serve as the foundation for the corporate culture within the armed forces. The entrenched corporate culture among officers influences their career choices, often mirroring those of their parents. However, researchers caution against the emergence of castes within military organizations, as this phenomenon can lead to the degradation of the armed forces. Emphasizing the significance of military training institutions, the article underscores their role in shaping an effective corporate culture among officers by instilling the foundational principles that guide their future activities and worldview. It has been observed that there are several common classifications of the concept of “corporate culture”. However, they can be condensed into two primary models: flexible and hierarchical. The hierarchical model delineates the roles of each participant, the extent of their responsibilities, and the modes of interaction among them. Conversely, the flexible model underscores the capacity for scalability, adaptation, and rapid response to changes in external conditions. Additionally, some researchers highlight that such changes may yield both negative repercussions for corporate culture and offer new opportunities for its development. Historical experience demonstrates that the corporate culture of officers is subject to ongoing evolution. Specifically, the widespread integration of modern information and communication technologies in military affairs is already reshaping both the battlefield and intra-unit relations. The analyzed publications in foreign sources indicate that most researchers identify the concepts of “organizational culture” and “corporate culture” and mostly use the first term. Many studies point to differences in the corporate culture of different countries and different eras, as well as military branches. Therefore, national traditions and certain features inherent in national armies determine the rules that shape corporate culture. It is noticeable that considerable attention is paid to the analysis of threats that exist or may arise in the future. At the same time, the authors offer their own recommendations that would prevent the development of negative effects. Conclusions. The main factor that would contribute to the increase in the effectiveness of the formation of an effective corporate culture is considered to be training in higher education institutions during the training of future officers as well as military training and training during service. Also, most researchers point to the importance of adapting to the changing conditions of the external environment, both for officers and for their corporate culture in general.

Large Language Models for Rapid Simplification of Quality Assurance Data Input: Field Trial with Real Data in the Context of Tumour Documentation in Urology

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have rapidly brought the application of artificial intelligence into widespread use. Among many different use cases for text generation and processing, one application is the extraction of data from existing documents and conversations for simplified and automated form-filling. In the field of quality assurance and documentation of cancer diseases, there is currently a significant workload involved in transferring data under various aspects into slightly varying formats and applying interpretations such as the TNM classification of tumours. However, there is a lack of trials with real data to assess the applicability of LLM-supported processes in this area, which would enable an evaluation of efficiency and practicality. This study aims to implement and assess such a trial. A trial was conducted with N=153 privacy-compliant and ethics committee-cleared medical reports from 25 patients. Using the publicly available version of ChatGPT 4.0, an automated script was used to extract the date of initial diagnosis and common tumor classifications. The results were then individually checked for accuracy. Based on this, the utility of a simple system for guided support in tasks related to tumour documentation was assessed. Additionally, the approach was evaluated in terms of operational costs for the model and its applicability. In summary, the study concludes that the use of generative AI in this field is promising and suitable as a tool even in an untrained state. In a simplified calculation, costs of 35 cents are offset by a value creation of 61,54 euros. However, it also becomes clear that AI can only act in a supportive role, and the correct integration with pre-made specific prompts and tools into the workflow is crucial for a relevant performance. The use of generative AI in the context of search, transfer, and interpretation tasks in the creation of tumor documentation is a promising approach. However, its implementation in practical applications must be closely monitored, and the optimal interaction between man and machine should continue to be evaluated and must be accompanied by tools and task-specific prompts.

Transition database for rare diseases and its use for clinical documentation.

Patients with rare diseases commonly suffer from severe symptoms as well as chronic and sometimes life-threatening effects. Not only the rarity of the diseases but also the poor documentation of rare diseases often leads to an immense delay in diagnosis. One of the main problems here is the inadequate coding with common classifications such as the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Instead, the ORPHAcode enables precise naming of the diseases. So far, just few approaches report in detail how the technical implementation of the ORPHAcode is done in clinical practice and for research. We present a concept and implementation of storing and mapping of ORPHAcodes. The Transition Database for Rare Diseases contains all the information of the Orphanet catalog and serves as the basis for documentation in the clinical information system as well as for monitoring Key Performance Indicators for rare diseases at the hospital. The five-step process (especially using open source tools and the DataVault 2.0 logic) for set-up the Transition Database allows the approach to be adapted to local conditions as well as to be extended for additional terminologies and ontologies.

Quantitative Assessment of Acetabular Defects in Revision Hip Arthroplasty Based on 3D Modeling: The Area Increase Ratio (AIR) Method.

The most common classifications for acetabular bone defects are based on radiographic two-dimensional imaging, with low reliability and reproducibility. With the rise of modern processing techniques based on 3D modelling, methodologies for the volumetric quantification of acetabular bone loss are available. Our study aims to describe a new methodology for the quantitative assessment of acetabular defects based on 3D modelling, focused on surface analysis of the integrity of the main anatomical structures of the acetabulum represented by four corresponding sectors (posterior, superior, anterior, and medial). The defect entity is measured as the area increase ratio (AIR) detected in all the sectors analyzed on three planes of view (frontal, sagittal, and axial) compared to healthy hemipelvises. The analysis was performed on 3D models from the CT-scan of six exemplary specimens with a unilateral pathological hemipelvis. The AIR between the native and the pathological hemipelvis was calculated for each sector, for a total of 48 analyses (range, +0.93-+171.35%). An AIR of >50% were found in 22/48 (45.8%) sectors and affected mostly the posterior, medial, and superior sectors (20/22, 90.9%). Qualitative analysis showed consistency between the data and the morphological features of the defects. Further studies with larger samples are needed to validate the methodology and potentially develop a new classification scheme.

Combining Cyber Security Intelligence to Refine Automotive Cyber Threats

Modern vehicles increasingly rely on electronics, software, and communication technologies (cyber space) to perform their driving task. Over-The-Air (OTA) connectivity further extends the cyber space by creating remote access entry points. Accordingly, the vehicle is exposed to security attacks that are able to impact road safety. A profound understanding of security attacks, vulnerabilities, and mitigations is necessary to protect vehicles against cyber threats. While automotive threat descriptions, such as in UN R155, are still abstract, this creates a risk that potential vulnerabilities are overlooked and the vehicle is not secured against them. So far, there is no common understanding of the relationship of automotive attacks, the concrete vulnerabilities they exploit, and security mechanisms that would protect the system against these attacks. In this article, we aim at closing this gap by creating a mapping between UN R155, Microsoft STRIDE classification, Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC), and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). In this way, already existing detailed knowledge of attacks, vulnerabilities, and mitigations is combined and linked to the automotive domain. In practice, this refines the list of UN R155 threats and therefore supports vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, and approval authorities to meet and assess the requirements for vehicle development in terms of cybersecurity. Overall, 204 mappings between UN threats, STRIDE, CAPEC attack patterns, and CWE weaknesses were created. We validated these mappings by applying our Automotive Attack Database (AAD) that consists of 361 real-world attacks on vehicles. Furthermore, 25 additional attack patterns were defined based on automotive-related attacks.

Testing an algorithm to identify disabilities using current health and social healthcare database: the experience of the Agency for Health Protection of the Metropolitan Area of Milan

to describe prevalence of disability in the population of the Agency for Health Protection of Milan (ATS Milan), integrating current administrative healthcare, socio-healthcare, and social data; to classify disability with a diagnosis into a predominant structural and functional category according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), supplementing it with additional levels of detail. retrospective observational study. subjects residing in the territory of ATS Milan in the years from 2018 to 2022. Main outcomes measures: prevalence of disability in the population of ATS Milan from 2018 to 2022; average annual costs since disability diagnosis of the entire population and stratified by the most common ICF classifications. the prevalence of disability ranges from 5.8% in 2018 to 8.4% in 2022. In general, women have a higher prevalence than men. However, there are significant differences in the gender distribution depending on the considered age group. The main disabilities (32.2%) affect the structures of the nervous system and mental functions, followed by disabilities identified solely by major prosthetic devices (9.4%) and sensory disabilities with alterations in sensory functions with the presence of a major device (5.2%). Analysis of average total annual per capita costs shows an upward trend with increasing years since the diagnosis. the definition of standardized tools, such as the selection from several available healthcare data provided by service suppliers, can be helpful in obtaining reliable data on the prevalence of disability in the population. This evidence can be useful in planning public health interventions to address the needs of this population. The work developed by ATS Milan has been carried out in alignment with the activities outlined in Mission 5 of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), in particular for the reform of disability legislation, which foresees the definition of standardized tools for the in-depth study of the epidemiological aspects of the phenomenon.

Grounds of Administrative Liability

The article is aimed at forming a doctrinal approach to understanding the grounds of administrative liability. It highlights the role of grounds of administrative liability in ensuring the effective functioning of administrative-offense law, reliable administrative-legal protection of public legal relations, and practical application of administrative penalties. The absence of legislative definition of the grounds of administrative liability is noted, as well as the lack of a coherent approach to their understanding in domestic administrative-legal doctrine.
 The necessity of forming a unified concept of grounds of administrative liability is substantiated, based on the achievements of domestic jurisprudence and the objective gaps in jurisdictional practice. The particular importance of taking such a step in the context of reforming administrative-offense legislation and reconsidering traditional categories of administrative-offense law is emphasized.
 The most common classifications of grounds of administrative liability in modern legal science are systematized. A comparative analysis of these grounds is conducted, revealing fundamental differences in various scientific views regarding their nature, essence, content, and list.
 An authorial concept of grounds of administrative liability is formulated, within which it is proposed to differentiate such grounds: normative grounds – a set of material and procedural norms of administrative-offense law underlying the qualification of an administrative offense, conducting proceedings in the relevant administrative case, imposition and execution of administrative penalties, or other measures of administrative influence on the person guilty of committing an administrative offense, and so on; factual grounds – the commission of a specific administrative offense (misdemeanor) as a fact of objective reality, which determines the emergence of real administrative-offense relations; jurisdictional grounds – the issuance, concerning the person who committed the factual violation, of a decision on imposing administrative penalties or applying other measures of administrative influence.

Overview of Occupational Injuries Among Registered Nurses in Washington State, 2007 to 2019.

Registered nurses (RNs) represent the largest segment of the health care workforce and have unique job demands and occupational health considerations. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, cost, and causes of occupational injuries among RNs in Washington State and to quantify the cumulative cost and burden of each type of injury, relative to all injuries among RNs. Annual injury claims data covered under Washington State workers' compensation (WC) fund were analyzed over a 13-year period (2007-2019). Annual mean incidence and cost of injuries were calculated and stratified by nature, source, and event/exposure. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine trends in injury incidence over time, for injury incidence overall, and by the most common injury classifications. Between 2007 and 2019, 10,839 WC claims were filed and accepted for Washington State RNs (annual M = 834), totaling more than US$65 million. No significant trend in overall injury incidence was observed (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.94, 1.05]). The most common injury exposures were bodily reaction and exertion, contact with objects and equipment, falls, and assaults and violent acts. To our knowledge, this is the first broad study of the incidence and costs of occupational injuries among RNs across all workplace settings. We identified high-cost, high-frequency incidence rates of musculoskeletal, sharp, and violence-related occupational injury claims, highlighting intervention targets. Implications for Occupational Health Practice: Policy makers, health systems, and occupational health nurse leaders can use this information to identify priority areas where evidence-based occupational health and prevention programs are most needed.

Exploring Factors Linked to Home-Reported Acute Pain Events and Pain Crises in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) through Flare Tracking in the Ascend Study

Introduction: Pain is a prominent symptom in sickle cell disease (SCD) and often broadly categorized as persistent chronic pain or more intense acute pain episodes compared to regular chronic pain experiences. Many research studies focus solely on pain events requiring healthcare utilization, neglecting those experienced at home, which may cloud the understanding of an individual's daily experience in managing their symptoms. Capturing home-reported evidence is crucial for comprehending SCD's impact on patients and potential effects of medical interventions. Objective: The objective of the Ascend Study was to collect individuals' experiences with pain events in SCD, employing a flexible, home-reported outcomes data collection methodology in Folia Health's mobile and web-based platform. Methods: The Advarra IRB-approved study recruited individuals with any genotype of SCD in the U.S., aged 13 and above, and caregivers of children aged 4 to 12. E-consent and data collection occurred through the Folia platform, where participants selected and tracked relevant symptoms (including, but not limited, to pain-specific symptoms) and treatments, along with health-related quality of life, over the course of 3 months per participant. Baseline severity scores were collected on a 1 to 10 Likert scale for symptoms that were pre-selected by participants at the start of the study. Participants also directly reported potential acute pain events and pain crises experienced in monthly surveys. Detailed flare tracking was set up for four symptom types (chronic pain, acute pain, pain crises, pain and discomfort), enabling structured follow-up questions on select pain flare events. Flare tracking was activated if participants reported a 2-point increase in severity compared to self-identified baselines or opted to track a pain symptom outside of their pre-selected routine. Overall pain burden was collected by participants who routinely tracked all of these various pain experiences, comprising the Ascend Study's home-reported pain hierarchy (Figure A). Results: 89% (n=59) of tracking participants reported experiencing a potential pain crisis for at least 1 month through monthly surveys. Analysis using the flare threshold applied to all pain symptoms tracked (sensitivity 77.5%; specificity 44.9%) identified 2,660 potential pain flare events. Among participants, 86% (n=57) experienced at least one flare event based on the flare threshold. On average, each participant had 24.9 flare days. Flare events identified by the threshold included 9 pain types tracked on a 1-10 Likert scale and 26 pain types tracked as binary “yes/no.” A total of 812 potential pain flare events reported by 46 participants prompted flare tracking follow-up questions (Table 1). Increases in chronic pain were more common than new types. 74% of these participants (n=34) opted to provide additional information through flare tracking in 282 pain flare events. Real-time flare tracking was reported in 85% of flare tracking events. From follow-up responses, most common classifications of pain were stabbing(188, 30.3%), pulsing or throbbing(144, 23.2%), and dull or aching(143, 23.0%). The back (155, 15.7%) and leg (268, 27.2%) were the most prevalent pain locations, with weather (177) and seasonal change (92) identified as potential triggers. Top flare descriptors included ‘can't do normal activities’ (84, 24.4%) and ‘not getting better with home pain meds’ (78, 22.7%). Conclusion: The Ascend Study provides detailed insights into SCD acute pain experiences, showing a high percentage of real-time flare tracking. Chronic pain flares were frequently reported, back and leg pain being the most prevalent locations, and seasonal changes identified as potential triggers. While the flare threshold analysis identified many potential pain flare events, the method's sensitivity might lead to lower specificity for pain flare events and the inclusion of potentially non-flare events. Findings provide valuable insights into the acute pain experiences of individuals with SCD, emphasizing the significance of capturing home-reported evidence to improve patient care and SCD therapies.

Dental age assessment in the living: a comparison of two common stage classifications for assessing radiographic visibility of the root canals in mandibular third molars.

After dentition is complete, degenerative tooth characteristics can be used for dental age assessment. Radiological assessment of the visibility of the root canals of the mandibular third molars in dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) is known to be one such suitable feature. Essentially, two different stage classifications are available for evaluating the visibility of the root canals of mandibular third molars in the DPR. The aim of this study was to determine if one method outperforms the other. Therefore, the 2010 method of Olze et al. was directly compared to the 2017 method of Lucas et al. in the 2020 modification of Al Qattan et al. To this end, 233 DPRs from 116 females and 117 males aged 20.0 to 40.9 years were evaluated by three independent experienced examiners. In addition, one examiner ran two independent evaluations. Correlation between age and stage was investigated, and the inter- and intra-rater reliability was estimated for both methods. Correlation between age and stage was higher with the Olze method (Spearman rho 0.388 [95% CI 0.309, 0.462], males and 0.283 [95% CI 0.216, 0.357], females) than the Lucas method (0.212 [95% CI 0.141, 0.284], males and 0.265 [95% CI 0.193, 0.340], females). The intra-rater repeatability of the Olze method (Krippendorff's α = 0.576 [95% CI 0.508, 0.644], males and α = 0.592 [95% CI 0.523, 0.661], females) was greater than that for the Lucas method (intra-rater α = 0.422 [95% CI 0.382, 0.502], males and α = 0.516 [95% CI 0.523, 0.661], females). Inter-rater reproducibility was also greater for the Olze method (α = 0.542 [95% CI 0.463, 0.620], males and α = 0.533 [95% CI 0.451, 0.615], females) compared to the Lucas method (α = 0.374 [95% CI 0.304, 0.443], males and α = 0.432 [95% CI 0.359, 0.505], females). The method of Olze et al. was found to present marginal advantages to the Lucas et al. method across all examinations and may be a more appropriate method for application in future studies.

Preliminary Study of Axillary Lymphatic Drainage in Cutaneous Melanoma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The axilla is a region of fundamental importance for the implications during oncological surgery, and there are many classifications of axillary lymph node subdivision: on the basis of studies on women with breast cancer, we used Clough's and Li's classification. However, currently we do not have a gold-standard classification regarding axillary lymphatic drainage in melanoma patients. Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate how these classifications could be adapted to sentinel lymph node evaluation in skin-melanoma patients and to look for a possible correlation between the most recent classifications of axillary lymph node location and Oeslner's classification, one of the most common anatomical classifications still widespread today. Methods: We analyzed data from 21 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy between January 2021 and January 2022. Results: Our study demonstrates that, to an extent, there is a possible difference in the use of the various classifications, hinting at possible limits of each. The data we obtained underline how cutaneous melanoma presents extremely heterogenous lymphatic drainage at the level of the axillary cavity. However, the limited data in our possession do not allow us to obtain, at the moment, results that are statistically significant, although we are continuing to enroll patients and collect data. Conclusions: Results of this study support the evidence that the common classifications used for breast cancer do not seem to be exhaustive. Therefore, a specific axillary lymph node classification is necessary in skin melanoma patients.

Pathological classification of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and comparative analysis with peritoneal carcinomatosis

Objective: To analyze the pathological classification of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) and screen the immunohistochemical markers that can distinguish MPeM from peritoneal metastatic carcinoma (PC) . Methods: In June 2020, the pathological results of peritoneal biopsy of 158 MPeM and 138 PC patients from Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou People's Hospital, and Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from May 2011 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the pathological classifications of MPeM in Cangzhou were summarized. Immunohistochemical markers of MPeM and PC patients were analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn for differential diagnosis of MPeM and PC. Results: There were 55 male and 103 female MPeM patients in Cangzhou, with an average age of 57.1 years old. The asbestos exposure rate was 91.14% (144/158). The most common pathological classifications were cutaneous type, accounting for 90.51% (143/158). There were significant differences in the expression of calreticulum protein, CK5/6, vimentin, D2-40, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tail type homologous nuclear gene transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) between MPeM and PC (P<0.05). Among the 6 positive markers, the sensitivity of calreticulum protein was the highest (0.905) and CEA was the lowest (0.428) . Conclusion: Calreticulum protein, CK5/6, vimentin, D2-40, CEA and CDX-2 may be used as specific markers to distinguish the diagnosis of MPeM from PC.

Common orthodontic indices and classification

An orthodontic index is a rating or categorizing system that assigns a numeric score or alphanumeric label to a person's occlusion. Indexing of malocclusions and their correction is important in epidemiology, diagnosis, communication between clinicians as well as with their patients, and assessing treatment outcome. Many useful indices have been put forward, but no one method appears to be equally suitable for the use of epidemiologists, public health programme planners and clinicians. This article describes the common clinical orthodontic indices and classifications used in the UK. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Readers can gain an insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used orthodontic indices and classifications in the UK.

Radio galaxy zoo EMU: towards a semantic radio galaxy morphology taxonomy

ABSTRACT We present a novel natural language processing (NLP) approach to deriving plain English descriptors for science cases otherwise restricted by obfuscating technical terminology. We address the limitations of common radio galaxy morphology classifications by applying this approach. We experimentally derive a set of semantic tags for the Radio Galaxy Zoo EMU (Evolutionary Map of the Universe) project and the wider astronomical community. We collect 8486 plain English annotations of radio galaxy morphology, from which we derive a taxonomy of tags. The tags are plain English. The result is an extensible framework, which is more flexible, more easily communicated, and more sensitive to rare feature combinations, which are indescribable using the current framework of radio astronomy classifications.

A Critical Review and Analysis on Energy Storage Systems Applicable in Micro Grids

Abstract: With the rise of use of renewable Energy storage systems (ESSs) are gaining a lot of popularity. This paper reviews the different ESSs in power systems, especially microgrids showing their essential role in enhancing the performance of electrical systems. Therefore, the ESSs classified into various technologies as a function of the energy storage form and the main relevant technical parameters. In this review paper, the most common classifications are presented, summarized, and compared according to their characteristics. A specific interest in electrochemical ESSs, especially battery energy storage systems, focusing on their classifications due to their importance in the residential sector. Besides that, the benefits and drawbacks of Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries are discussed due to their significance. Finally, the environmental impact of these ESSs is discussed.

Microcystis pangenome reveals cryptic diversity within and across morphospecies.

Microcystis, a common harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxon, threatens water supplies and human health, yet species delimitation is contentious in this taxon, leading to challenges in research and management of this threat. Historical and common morphology-based classifications recognize multiple morphospecies, most with variable and diverse ecologies, while DNA sequence-based classifications indicate a single species with multiple ecotypes. To better delimit Microcystis species, we conducted a pangenome analysis of 122 genomes. Core- and non-core gene phylogenetic analyses placed 113 genomes into 23 monophyletic clusters containing at least two genomes. Overall, genome-related indices revealed that Microcystis contains at least 16 putative genospecies. Fifteen genospecies included at least one Microcystis aeruginosa morphospecies, and 10 genospecies included two or more morphospecies. This classification system will enable consistent taxonomic identification of Microcystis and thereby aid in resolving some of the complexities and controversies that have long characterized eco-evolutionary research and management of this important HAB taxon.

Microsurgical and endovascular treatment of residual and recurrent cerebral aneurysms

Cerebral aneurysms are characterized by high risk of adverse outcome due to severe intracranial hemorrhages and their consequences. Aneurysm remnants after incomplete exclusion can cause hemorrhage. Filling of these fragments immediately after surgery is usually defined as residual aneurysms. Recurrent aneurysms develop in the area of excluded aneurysm in long-term period after surgery. The authors analyze foreign and national literature data on the diagnosis and management of residual and recurrent aneurysms. Risk factors, the most common classifications, diagnostic methods and surgical treatment are presented.