Common Cause Of Burns Research Articles

Characteristics of pediatric burns complications in the main referral hospital of Mozambique

BackgroundBurns remains a major preventable cause of injury in children worldwide with morbidity and mortality disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Complications following burn injuries in children are not well studied in Mozambique. MethodsChildren between 1 month and 14 years old hospitalized for burns between 2015 and 2017 at Hospital Central de Maputo were identified retrospectively. Child and burns characteristics were compiled with complications including wound infection, sepsis, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. The association of complications with demographic variables and burn characteristics were assessed through bivariate analysis. ResultsOf the 206 children, the most common cause of burns was hot liquids (66%), followed by fire (28%) and electrical current (6%). Children aged one to four years old were most frequently affected (54%). Of the 91 children with complications, 68% had severe burns with a significant relationship between lesion depth and complications. Among the complications, hypoalbuminemia (56%), hyperglycemia (51%), and wound infections (17%) were the most common. Children who had flame/fire burns and 2nd and 3rd degree burns were associate with a greater risk of having complications. ConclusionsPediatric burns in the early years are more frequent in Mozambique and hold a high burden of complications. Moreover, flame/fire burns and 2nd and 3rd degree burns were associated with increased odds of complications. Primary prevention measures within the family will be critical to minimize pediatric burns and additional research is warranted to better understand clinical interventions to prevent mortality and complications in low- and middle-income countries.

Analysis of anatomic location of burns inpatients in China from 2009 to 2018

BackgroundBurns cause serious physical and psychological harm to patients, placing a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. Our previous study detailed the epidemiological characteristics of burn injuries in Chinese inpatients from 2009 to 2018. Interestingly, the anatomic locations of burn injuries vary by gender, age, provinces, and outcomes among different causes. Therefore, this current study aims to analyze the characteristics of burn injuries in inpatients with various burn sites by collecting data in China from 2009 to 2018. This analysis will inform future healthcare system decisions and provide effective strategies.MethodsBurns inpatients from 196 hospitals across 31 provinces in China were included in the study, covering the period from 2009 to 2018. The data collected encompassed information on gender, age, etiology, regions, clinical outcomes, and anatomical locations of the injuries. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2007.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2018, a total of 333,995 burns inpatients were recorded. The most vulnerable parts to burns were multiple burn sites (230,090, 68.89%). Women were more susceptible to lower limb burns (15,608, 14%), while men were more prone to eye injuries (8,387, 3.37%) and hand burns (6,119, 2.75%). The age group of 0–10 years was the most vulnerable to burns across all body areas, including internal organs. In China, individuals aged 20–50 years were at a higher risk of head and neck burns compared to other age groups. The Han population showed increased vulnerability to eye injuries (2.12 times higher than minorities), respiratory tract issues (2.09 times higher than minorities), and trunk burns (1.83 times higher than minorities), while being less susceptible to internal organ injuries (0.23 times fewer than minorities) and lower limb burns (0.78 times fewer than minorities). The southwest region had the highest proportion of burns inpatients with burns affecting single body parts, whereas the eastern area had the highest rates of respiratory tract burns (0.85%) and multiple burn sites (80.64%). Scalding was identified as the most common cause of burns, while flame burns (769, 55.81%) and chemical burns (438, 47.35%) were the main causes of respiratory tract and internal organ injuries, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provides an initial description of characteristics of burns inpatients with various anatomic locations of burns in China over the past decade. Our findings will contribute to the most up-to-date clinical evidence database for healthcare planning and prevention initiatives in both China and other countries.

Prognostic Scores for Mortality in Invasive Mechanically Ventilated Burn Patients.

Managing burn patients is a challenge requiring a multidisciplinary team with the ability to predict complications and act early to avoid them. There are few studies characterizing the population of critically ill burn patients in need of ventilatory support. This study aimed to describe the population of burn patients in need of invasive mechanical ventilation supportand assess in-hospital mortality and the factors associated with it. A longitudinal retrospective study was conducted, including burn patients admitted to a tertiary hospital burn unit over five consecutive years, who required invasive mechanical ventilation support during their hospitalization. Demographic data, comorbidities, characteristics of the injury scene, etiology, and characteristics of the burn were collected.Length of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization as well as mortality rate were evaluated.The determination of mortality predictors and the prognostic performance of mortality prediction scores were analyzed. A one-year follow-up was performed to evaluate the survival of discharged patients. A total of 141 patients were included in this study; 68.1% patients were malewith a median age of 58 years. The mean percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 24.5%. Home incidents were the most frequent, and fire was the most common cause of burns (80.9% of patients). The mean Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score (ABSI) was 7.83, with an area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis (AUC_ROC) of 0.725; the mean Belgium Outcome of Burn Injury (BOBI) score was 3.45, with AUC_ROC of 0.740 and mean R-Baux of 89.1 and AUC_ROC of 0.834. The mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 16.9±19.3 days. Age (p<0.001), length of mechanical ventilation (p<0.001), length of hospitalization (p<0.001), higher degree of burn (p=0.001), TBSA (p=0.040), and the presence of buttock burn (0.006) were associated with mortality in this sample. In-hospital mortality was 29.8%. The survival group had a 12% death rate at one-year follow-up, mostly in the first three months after discharge. Age, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, higher degree of burn, TBSA, and the presence of buttock burn were associated with mortality in this sample. R-Baux score was the most accurate test score to predict mortality in this challenging group of patients.

Histopathological study of lungs, kidney and spleen in death due to burns

Burn injuries occur universally and have plagued mankind ever since antiquity till the present day. As burns continue to be a major problem, a prospective study of demographic and pathological profile in deaths due to burns was conducted at the Department of Pathology Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hubballi. To study the demographic profile, histopathological changes in lungs, kidney and spleen and to find the cause of death in cases due to burns. : The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karnataka institute of medical sciences, Hubballi, during the period of one year from 1-11-2014 to 31-10-2015. Total of 44 cases with burn injuries were used as material for study purpose and the collection of tissues were done for histopathology examination. This study includes 44 autopsy cases of death due to burn, of which majority were females. The age of the subjects ranged from 13 years to 65 years. Maximum numbers of victims were found in the age group of 21-30 years were 22 cases (50.00%).Most of the female victims were married and housewives. Most common manner of the burn were said accidental burns in 27 cases (61.36%) and 13 cases (29.54%) were due to suicidal burns, 4 cases (9.09%) were homicidal burns.Burns were more common in females most were married. Age group most commonly found was between 21-30 years of age probably related to dowry related issues, inexperience in cooking styles, house hold works, and inability to bear stress. Most common place of burns were kitchen. Most common manner of burns were said accidental. Most common cause of burns was due to said kerosene spill over or self pouring. TBSA involved more than 76%, in maximum number of cases. Maximum finding were seen in lung. Most common findings were diffuse alveolar damage, acute tubular injury and congested splenomegaly.

Paediatric Burns: a Thirteen-year Single-centre Retrospective Study in Croatia

Objective – Burn injuries (BI) are a great threat to children and are a significant therapeutic challenge. They demand prompt attention to avoid infection and scarring. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of BI in children treated in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), University Hospital of Split (UHS).Patients and Methods – The data of patients with BI admitted to the PICU from 2010 through 2022 were collected retrospectively from medical docu- mentation. The subjects were analysed and stratified into groups according to age, sex, cause of burn, percentage of affected total body surface area (TBSA) and length of stay (LOS) in the PICU. Results – A total of 20 children were treated. Of these, 14 were boys and 6 were girls. The most common cause of burns in children was skin contact with hot liquids (60%). Burns affecting 10 to &lt;20% of TBSA were found in 60% children. Children with TBSA &lt;15% were significantly older than those with TBSA ≥15% (6.9±6.3 years vs. 1.9±1.9 years; P=0.022). The mean LOS in the PICU was 3.7 days. Most children had burns on their chest, legs and arms. Conclusion – There were no deaths or serious associated injuries, but burns caused significant morbidity, and disrupted the children’s physical and emotional stability. As BI are preventable, awareness should be raised and burn prevention programmes should be encouraged, especially those intended for toddlers.

Management of Outpatient Pediatric Burns at a Pediatric Burn Center.

Burn injuries are a serious emergency. Most burn injuries in children can be treated as outpatients. The aim of this study was to present the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of pediatric burn injuries treated in our outpatient burn clinic. This study included pediatric patients treated in an outpatient burn clinic over an 8-year period. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their age groups, and the differences between the groups were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 25.0. P < .05 was accepted as statistically significant. Of the total 5167 patients, 2811 (54.4%) were male. Scald burns were the most common cause of burns (81.4%). Contact burns accounted for 12.2% of all burns. There were no differences between sexes for any variable. The highest incidence was seen in children in the 2- to 5-year-old age group (28.3%). There were differences between age groups in terms of sex, burn area, burn visit, burn type, burn location, need for wound dressing under anesthesia, and need for grafting. Among the patients, 4.9% were hospitalized due to the need for wound dressing under anesthesia. However, most of the patients (95.1%) were treated as outpatients. In conclusion, the majority of pediatric burn patients can be treated as outpatients. This allows pediatric patients to complete treatment in a psychologically comfortable environment and has low complication rates. Outpatient treatment should become the standard for children who are suitable for outpatient follow-up and who have home support.

Prevalence and outcome of acute kidney injury in burn victims at a tertiary centre in Cape Town, South Africa.

Burn victims commonly experience acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. To investigate the prevalence of AKI in burn patients, the causes of AKI and the rate of in-hospital mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients admitted to the Tygerberg Hospital Burn Unit between 1 April 2018, and 31 March 2019. The study included all burn patients >18 years old, except for those with end-stage kidney disease or cold burn wounds, skin donors or readmissions. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of AKI and death, along with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The prevalence of AKI was 27% (58/215). The most common causes of burns were open fires (37%) and shack fires (17%). Patients with AKI had higher scores on the abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) (7 v. 5, p<0.01), required more mechanical ventilation (69% v. 33%, p<0.01) and experienced more sepsis (35% v. 12%, p<0.01). Predictors of AKI included ABSI score (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 - 1.80, p<0.01), mechanical ventilation (aOR 7.75, 95% CI 1.23 - 48.65, p=0.03) and high admission lactate (aOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.04 - 2.39, p=0.03). Mortality was higher in patients with AKI (34% v. 6%, p<0.01). ABSI score (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.56 - 2.99, p<0.01) and vasopressor use (aOR 7.71, 95% CI 2.15 - 27.60, p<0.01) were identified as predictors of death. The survival analysis revealed that AKI was associated with higher mortality (log rank, p<0.01). The study highlights the high prevalence of AKI among burn victims requiring tertiary care and its association with high mortality rates. Improving living conditions in informal settlements could help prevent burns and their complications.

Investigation of morbidity, length of stay, and healthcare costs of inpatient paediatric burns.

Burn injuries are the third most common cause of death in children due to trauma. Hospitalizations related to burn injuries are common. Prolonged hospitalization associated with burn treatment can result in increased resource utilization, leading to higher costs. Thus, it is essential to investigate these areas to reduce costs. The study investigated the morbidity and length of hospital stay of paediatric burn patients, as well as calculated the social security costs of hospitalization and treatment. The retrospective observational descriptive study examined the medical records of 774 paediatric patients treated in a burn intensive care unit at a tertiary medical faculty hospital between 01 March 2019 and 31 March 2022. The invoice records of payments made by the Social Security Institution to the hospital in return for health services provided to patients were examined. The healthcare costs were calculated. A total of 57.6% of the participants were boys and 79.2% were between the ages of 1-4. About 90% of the cases involved burns with a total body surface area (TBSA) of less than 20% and a 2nd-degree burn depth. Scalding was the most common cause of burns (88.2%). Among all patients, the mortality rate was 2.1% (n = 16). The mean length of hospital stay was 10.29 ± 9.59 days. The mean cost per day was 212.02 ± 190.94 US dollars ($US), and the cost per 1% TBSA was 241.70 ± 301.32 $US. According to the causes of burn injury, the mean cost of electricity was 5000.77 ± 8101.85 $US, fire 4818.02 ± 5852.22 $US, and chemical 3285.49 ± 4503.2 $US were observed in the first 3 ranks respectively. According to this study, paediatric burn cases occur due to preventable causes, and even though the mortality rate was low, the severity of burns, TBSA%, and presence of complications caused prolonged lengths of hospital stays, which caused social security costs to rise.

Pattern, Cause of Childhood Burn injuries and their Management Outcome At Jimma Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Southwest Ethiopia.

Burn injuries are prevalent worldwide, especially in developing countries; and there are significant pediatric burn injuries in Ethiopia. This study was performed to analyze the pattern, cause, and management outcome of burn injuries in Jimma Medical Center. A hospital‑based retrospective cross‑sectional study was conducted at Jimma university medical center burn unit. Data were collected through chart review of pediatric patients aged 0 to 14 years who were admitted to the burn unit with a burn injury. A total of 92 hospitalized children were studied from Jan 1, 2020 to Dec 31, 2021 GC. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The statistical significance was determined using odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and the corresponding P-value of less than 0.05. The majority of the patients were males (52.2%). Scald burn was the most common cause of burn in 57(62.0%). The TBSA of majority of the patients (52.2%) was found to be between 11% and 20%. After adjusting for possible confounders in the multivariate analysis, preexisting illness and time of presentation to care were found to have a statistically significant association with the outcome of burn at discharge (P= 0.007) (P= 0.021) respectively. The most common cause of burn in our setup was scald burn; upper extremities were also the most affected site. According to our study, the factors associated with the outcome of burn injury were preexisting illness and late presentation to health facilities.

Why is milk so dangerous in rural areas?

In this study, hot milk burns observed in paediatric patients were examined, and the results were compared with those obtained from other types of scalding burns. A 10-year retrospective study was conducted with paediatric patients hospitalised for hot milk burns at the Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital Burn Center, Turkey. Of the 87 patients included in the study, 49 (56.3%) were male and 38 (43.7%) were female, with a male/female ratio of 1.29:1. Patients were aged two months to 18 years, with a mean age of 3.62±2.82 years. The highest rate of burn injury was observed in patients aged 0-4 years (n=67, 77.0%). The upper (n=56, 64.4%) and lower extremities (n=75, 86.2%) were the most frequently affected areas. Of the total number of patients examined, 25 (28.7%) exhibited second-degree burns, while 62 (71.3%) exhibited third-degree major burns. The mean hospitalisation time was 6.28±5.04 days. None of the patients died or underwent amputation. Scalding is the most common cause of burns in the paediatric population in Turkey. Hot milk burns attract attention due to their higher infection rates and length of hospital stay.

Epidemiology and acute management of high tension electrical burns in a rural-based medical college

Introduction. Electrical burns are one of the most common causes of burns besides flame burns and scalds. High tension electrical burns lead to greater morbidity and mortality. Active management strategies are required to manage high tension electrical burns. Common epidemiological features and surgical management of wounds are described. Role of high ligation in high tension electrical burns has been described.Purpose. To describe the epidemiology, main features of the presentation and acute management of high tension electrical burns.Materials and methods. This study was done for the duration of 2 months. All patients who were admitted with high tension electrical burns were included in the study. Patients’ demographics, mode of injury, % age of burn areas involved, entry-exit wounds were recorded on the day of admission. Emergency fasciotomy was done in cases of impending gangrenous changes inlimbs to prevent compartment syndrome and peripheral neuropathy. Reconstructive surgeries were done depending on thelocation and depth of burns. Results. 64% patients were below 30 years. The majority of the patients who sustained electric burns were males (82.3%). All the patients were from low and middle socioeconomic status according to the modified kuppuswamy scale. The majority of patients sustained electric contact burns (55.8%). The majority of the patients were unskilled workers working in the fields (94.2%). Surgical treatment of all patients includes fasciotomies in 15 patients, debridement/ amputation in 32 patients, reconstructive surgeries in 42 patients.Conclusion. High tension electrical burns are one of the most common causes of burns, especially in rural areas. Public awareness and compliance with safety standards as well as respect for the potentially deleterious effects of electricity are of utmost essential for avoiding these deadly injuries.

711 Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Elderly Burn Patients

Abstract Introduction The elderly experience higher mortality rates compared to younger burn patients with similar burn injuries. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical factors affecting mortality in elderly burn patients admitted to single burn center. Methods Data were collected on all elderly burn patients admitted to Mackay memorial hospital burn center between 2010 to 2020, focused on the population over 60 years old. The demographic data, burn profiles, hospital length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation and inotropic agents, delayed burn-related complication and hospital mortality were studied retrospectively. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the risk factors for mortality. Results 61 elderly burn patients were evaluated and flame was the most common cause of burns(57.4%). All of the burns involved more than 20% of total body surface area. Sixteen patients(26.2%) expired during hospitalization. Univariate analysis showed that the mortality among elderly burn patients was associated with age(P&amp;lt; 0.001), burn surface area(P&amp;lt; 0.001), burn grade(P=0.016), use of inotropic agents(P&amp;lt; 0.001), initial endotracheal tube insertion(P&amp;lt; 0.001) and delayed burn-related acute kidney injury(P&amp;lt; 0.001), sepsis(P&amp;lt; 0.001) as well as pulmonary edema(P&amp;lt; 0.001). We stratified the above risk factors into two subgroups: Initial presenting patient profile(Age, TBSA, Burn grade) and delayed burn-related complication(Acute kidney injury, Sepsis, Pulmonary edema). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the two subgroups. We found that in the initial presenting patient profile subgroup, age(P=0.014) and TBSA(P=0.004) were positively correlated to patient mortality. Conversely, among the burn-related complications subgroup, only sepsis(P=0.002) was the only significant independent factor related to patient mortality. Conclusions This study identified key factors that affect mortality among elderly burn patients. Attention should be paid to those elderly burn patients with older age, increased TBSA, or delayed burn-related sepsis due to significantly increased mortality risk. Applicability of Research to Practice Classic determinants of burn mortality are age, burn size, and the presence of inhalation injury (Revised Baux score). Several studies revealed that in-hospital complications was one of the strongest mortality predictors after burns. Understanding that sepsis is a major factor for mortality in elderly burn patient, we may improve our quality of care to decrease the mortality rate.

Epidemiology of Burn Injury in the Southern Border Provinces of Thailand

Objective: This study aimed to investigate burns, from any situation, and the treatment in the Burn Center of Yala Hospital. Material and Methods: This research was a retrospective study in the Burn Center of Yala Hospital; from April 1, 2019 to May 31, 2021. Results: Enrollment consisted of 161 burn patients (male 65.8%, female 34.2%). Most burns in children were scalds (67.3%); whereas, in adults and the elderly they were flame burns (51.0% in adults and 66.7% in the elderly) (p-value&lt;0.001), which were usually &lt;20% of total body surface area (p-value&lt;0.001). Most burns were superficial second degree burns. Patients in all age groups required surgical intervention (p-value=0.003). The median length of hospital stay was approximately seven days (IQR4-17); however, the elderly required intensive care more often than other age groups (p-value=0.003). All enrolled cases survived. Conclusion: The most common cause of burns in adults and the elderly was burning from flames, while burns from scalds occurred most in children. Burns in the elderly were more severe, and required admission to the intensive care unit more than any other age group.

A 5-year Retrospective Study of Burn Injury at Tarakan Regional General Hospital Jakarta

Introduction: Burn patients deserve more attention because of their high morbidity and mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 180.000 deaths per year are associated with burns. We aim to obtain the characteristics of burn patients at Tarakan Regional General Hospital Jakarta as a type A referral center hospital from 2018 to 2022 to examine patient trends, provide appropriate services for burn patients, and reduce the rate of poor quality of life caused by disability and death. Methods: A cross-sectional method with descriptive study was used. Medical records of patients with burns admitted to Tarakan regional general hospital Jakarta between January 2018 and September 2022 were evaluated. 191 burn patients were reviewed based on age, sex, total burn surface area, burn degrees, etiology, intervention, and discharge status. Results: The total number of burn patients at the Tarakan hospital Jakarta from 2018 - 2022 was 191, with an increase of 248% from 2018 to 2022. With a gender ratio of 1.03:1, 97 subjects were male, and 94 were female. Most patients have dominated with adults as much as 80.1%. The highest incidence of burns is due to gas explosions, with a total area of burn injury at 21-30% TBSA occurring at 40.84%, and most burns ensue in the second degree as much as 59.69%. In the age group under 18 years, 73,05% of the common cause of burns is scald. The most extensive burns occur on 10-20% of the body surface area, and 73.68% of subjects suffer from second-degree burns. Debridement and wound dressing were done in the operating room on average four times per patient. The mortality rate in Tarakan Regional Hospital is 2.6% due to &gt; 40% TBSA burns. Conclusion: Burn injury patients at Tarakan regional hospital Jakarta from 2018 to 2022 have increased, with gas explosions being the most common cause in the adult age group while in the children group by scald. Third-degree burns cause most deaths. According to these results, the proper facilities and infrastructure at hospitals in Jakarta may also improve the quality of treatment for burn patients.

Epidemiology of Burns in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients of Fars Province between 2017 and 2018.

According to the reports of the World Health Organization approximately 300,000 deaths occur yearly worldwide due to burns or burn-associated injuries. This study aims to review the epidemiology of burns in pediatrics and adolescents in Fars province between 2017 and 2018. This is a cross-sectional study that investigated all people ≤18 years old who suffered from burn injuries in Fars province between 2017 and 2018. We use data from the file of burn patients which was provided by pre-hospital emergency services of Fars province. This data comprises demographic information (age and gender), burn-related information (type, degree, and severity of burns), mode of transfer (outpatient surgery or transfer to hospital) and the outcome of the disease (death before arrival to the hospital or alive). The average age of the subjects of this study was 5.8±8.9. We also categorized the subjects into four age groups, 1-4, 5-8, 9-13 and 15-18 years. The number of boys who suffered from burn injuries is significantly more than the girls (p=0.011). Also, there is a remarkable correlation between burn with age (p<0.001) and burn with disease outcome (p=0.01). The Most common cause of burns in boys was nonchemical hot objects and liquids (28.5%). Likewise, the possibility of mortality in burn patients who faced an electric shock was 22.66%. ([95%CI=2.32-220.63], p<0.001 OR=22.66). This study shows that pediatrics and adolescents ≤ 4 have the most burn injuries, and boys have twice as many burn events as girls. More importantly, the most common cause of burns in both genders was burning with non-chemical hot objects and liquids, in particular, in the age group of 1-4 years, in which event happens at home.

Effectiveness of Collagen Dressing in Second Degree Paediatric Burns: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

Introduction: Most common cause of burns in paediatric age group is scalds. Though intentional paediatrics burns are reported, usually they are caused by accidental spillage of hot water. Along with fluid management, major part of managing burns involves repeated dressings. Biological dressings like collagen are impervious to bacteria and create the most biological interface between the wound surface and the environment, ensuing in better healing. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of collagen dressings in second degree paediatric burns. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study done at Mahabhodhi Burns Center, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, from January 2018 to December 2019, included 75 second degree paediatric burns patients. Re-epithelialisation rates, infection and progress to full thickness burns were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software v.23. Results: Out of 75 children, 8 (10.7%) of children had complete re-epithelisation by seven days, 55 (73.3%) between 8 to 14 days and 4 (5.3%) between 14 to 21 days. Total 67 (89.3%) of children had complete epithialisation by 21 days, with mean of 9.5 days. Conclusion: Overall, collagen dressing helps in preventing infection, early re-epithelization, and avoids painful dressings. It minimises the psychological trauma on both patients as well as their parents.

Acute burn care and outcomes at the Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares (HNGV), Timor-Leste: A 7-year retrospective study

The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of patients presenting with acute burns and undergoing admission at Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares (HNGV) in Dili, Timor-Leste in the period 2013 to 2019. HNGV is the only tertiary referral hospital in Timor-Leste. This was a retrospective study involving all acute burn patients admitted to the surgical wards of HNGV from 2013 to 2019. The data was collected from patient charts and hospital medical archives. Data were reviewed and analyzed statistically in terms of age, gender, residence, cause, total body surface area (TBSA), burns depth, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. The outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression. Over the 7-year period, there were 288 acute burn patients admitted to the surgical wards of HNGV. Most patients were children (55%), male (65%) and from the capital city of Dili or surrounding areas (59%). The most common cause of burns in children was scalds and the most common cause among adults was flames. Of the admitted patients 59% had burns affecting >10% of the TBSA and 41% had full thickness burns. The median LOS was 17 days (1-143) and the average mortality for admitted burn patients in HNGV was 5.6% (annual mortality 0-17%). The odds ratio for extended LOS was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2) in female compared with male patients. The odds ratio for mortality was 14.6 (95% confidence interval 2.7-80.6) in the older adults when compared with younger adults. Higher TBSA, full thickness burns, and flame burns were also significantly associated with longer LOS and higher mortality. Children and male patients were disproportionately overrepresented among patients admitted to HNGV, while female patients had longer LOS and older adults had more severe injury and a higher risk of mortality. Establishment of a national program for the prevention of burns is essential.

The epidemiology of in-hospital burn patients in a tertiary hospital in Damascus, Syria. A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundSyria has been facing a dreadful crisis for the past 11 years, which has had a significant toll on the healthcare system of the country, and its ability to adequately manage acute injuries. In this research, we study the epidemiology and outcomes of burn patients admitted to the burn center of Al-Mouwasat Hospital in Damascus, Syria. MethodsA retrospective cohort research was conducted from January 2017 to December 2021. All accessible paper-based medical records of burn injury patients admitted to the hospital were evaluated. ABSI score was used to classify injury degrees. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to study the association between demographic variables and outcomes. ResultsOf the 641 patients, 367 (57.3%) were males and 274 (42.7%) were females. Children represented more than half of our sample 377 (58.8%). The most common cause of burns was flame 393 (61.3%), followed by scalding 199 (31.0%). Most of the patients had a more than 10% TBSA of burns 511 (79.7%). 209 (32.6%) patients had a moderate ABSI score, followed by moderately severe in 149 (23.2%) patients. Children, patients who had high ABSI scores, and those who needed respiratory support were more likely to die than others 2.545 (1.079-6.004), 9.208 (4.061-20.879), respectively. ConclusionDeath was the outcome of third of the hospitalized patients. Furthermore, Children made up more than half of the sample, and had the highest rates of leaving the hospital against medical advice. These results underline the importance of an updated nationally uniformed protocol for the management of burn patients.

Management of Burn Scars: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.

Introduction Despite the heightened interest in the management and prevention of burn scars, only a few articles have been published that assess the risk factors for the development of burn scars. The relationship between admission to the burn unitand the need for reconstructive surgery, the effect of the burn area on the number of further surgeries needed, and the adverse event of the technique used in the reconstructive surgery is not widely exploredin the literature. These unmet challenges are crucial for a standardized consensus about burn scarmanagement. Methods A retrospective study of patients admitted for burn reconstructive surgeries was conducted. A total of 100 patients (mean age: 29 years old) were included in this study. Data were retrospectively collected by reviewing the patients' charts. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 25.00(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results The most common surgery performed was a release contracture with skin grafting (n = 93.93%). No significant difference was reported between the patient's ageand the total number of surgeries. A significant difference was noted between the different techniques used and the total number of surgeries. Patients with release contracture surgery had higher scores of satisfaction and better functional outcome. Conclusion The most common surgery performed for scar treatment was contracture release coupled with skin grafting. The most common cause of burn in Lebanon was flame, and the most commonly affected anatomical area was the upper limb.Further studies recruiting patients from all over Lebanon and assessing their characteristics are now warranted.

Epidemiology and Etiology of Pediatric Burns in Iran.

Pediatric burns have long-term physical, psychological, economic, and social consequences for the patient and family. This study was designed to investigate the epidemiology, causes, and mechanism of pediatric burns in Iran, considering the impact the cultural and environmental differences of countries have on burn incidence. This study is a survey study that was performed from 2016 to 2017 on patients referred to Shahid Motahari hospital. Patients in the study included hospitalized children aged 0-18 years who themselves or their parents were able to answer questions. Questions were answered in the categories of the demographic characteristics of the child and parents, epidemiological characteristics of the burn, information on socio-economic and education status, and the underlying causes of the accident. Most burns occurred in the age group less than two years of age and in boys. The most common cause of burns was hot liquids. Collision with containers containing hot liquids inside the kitchen, collision with containers containing hot liquids outside the kitchen space, and overturning containers containing hot liquids were the most common mechanisms of burns. Flame burns were the most common cause of burns in school-age children. Half of the parents had an elementary level or lower education. Economic, social, and cultural conditions of families, parents' education, and access to preventive education are related to the extent and mechanism of burns. Paying attention to epidemiology and recognizing the main causes of child burns plays an important role in designing and planning preventive measures.