Common Case Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY CASES DONE BY DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SURGERY OF GIMS KALABURGI, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Aims and objectives: 1. To know to the most common emergency cases operated. 2. Most common time of the day when the cases get operated 3. To know if Laparoscopic surgeries are being done as emergency procedures. Method: This is the prospective statistical analysis of the emergency cases operated in the GIMS, Kalaburgi from Oct 2022 to Oct 2023. The emergency OT cases done in our institute are collected and tabulated into Age of the patient, Diagnosis, type of surgery done, surgery done under what unit and time of the surgery and results are derived. All general surgical emergencies are included in the study and cases from the surgical super speciality emergency OTs are excluded from the study. Results: After tabulating, total cases operated on emergency basis were 698. Age groups most commonly presented were from 21-30 yrs(23%) followed by 31-40yrs(18%) and then 41-50yrs (14%) making 55% of all the cases. Most common procedure done was appendicectomy(Open)(159 cases)for acute appendicitis, appendicular perforation and appendicular abscess. Even Laparoscopic appendicetomy was also done in 10 cases, followed by debridments (149 cases) Incicion and drainage of abscess (136 cases) and then explorative laparotomy (80 cases) for multiple causes including Intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, Hemoperitoneum, GB perforation, volvulus, spleenectomy etc. 42 cases underwent orchidectomy, and 38 cases for amputations(above and below knee). 23 obstructed inguinal hernia cases were also operated. 313 cases were operated in the time slot C (6PM to 12AM) and followed by slot B (12PM to 6PM).. Conclusion: By our study we conclude that most common emergency cases operated in our institute is Appendectomy in the Time slot between 6 PM to 12 AM. In emergency condition laparoscopic procedures can also be done and the patient can be treated accordingly.

Correlation between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with C-Reactive Protein Levels in COVID-19 Patient

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease brought on by SARS-CoV-2. China's Hubei Province's Wuhan City is where the pandemic first began. The number for Indonesia is 1,790. Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests are conducted to assess the disease prognosis in COVID-19 patients, who may have a bad prognosis. Purposes: To find out the relationship between NLR and CRP in COVID-19 patients at Bunda Margonda General Hospital in 2021. Method: This study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach and used secondary data from 100 samples from COVID-19 patients' medical records at Bunda Margonda General Hospital in 2021. Results: More COVID-19 patients were found in 56 male patients, aged 46-55 years, with 22 patients; NLR values increased in 67 patients and 80 patients in CRP. There is a significant relationship between NLR and CRP in COVID-19 patients at Bunda Margonda General Hospital in 2021, with a p-value of 0.001. The most common COVID-19 cases were found in male patients 46-55 years of age, and there was an increase in the NLR and CRP values. Conclusion: There is a relationship between NLR and CRP in COVID-19 patients at Bunda Margonda General Hospital in 2021.

Model of medical and psychological counseling of patients with a comorbid combination of gambling and alexithymia

Background. The article highlights the features of providing counseling to patients with gambling addiction, in particular, the specifics of medical and psychological counseling in those common cases when pathological gambling is comorbidly combined with alexithymic disorder. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate and describe the developed model of medical and psychological counseling of patients with a pathological urge to gamble, formed due to the presence of alexithymia. Materials and Methods. In the process of creating a model of medical and psychological counseling of patients with a comorbid combination of gambling and alexithymia, such methods as analysis of scientific sources, modeling, clinical amnestic and clinical psychological methods were used. Results. The essential properties of clinical and psychological interventions, one of the varieties of which is medical and psychological counseling, are characterized. The specifics of the application and content of medical and psychological as an independent type of medical psychologist’s activity in clinical practice are described. It is determined that counseling with patients with mental disorders is reduced to mitigating the psychological and social consequences of nuclear mental disorder, as well as eliminating psychological factors that exacerbate its course. The author’s model of medical and psychological counseling of patients with a comorbid combination of gambling and alexithymia is scientifically substantiated and described. The task of creating a conceptual model of medical and psychological counseling of gambling addicts with alexithymic radical in the structure of their personality was specified in the article as the need for structural disclosure of fundamentally important positions and features of the application of an integrative-eclectic approach in psychotherapeutic practice, applied with counseling with patients suffering from gambling addiction and having comorbid alexithymic symptoms. Conclusions. The necessity of wide use of clinical interviews, psychoeducation and developments of the cognitive-behavioral approach in the practice of providing advisory assistance to this category of patients is substantiated. The developed model of medical and psychological counseling of patients with pathological gambling and alexithymia is a structured and detailed description of the main medical psychologist’s activities with the allocation of their key stages, which in the aggregate are reduced to tactful verbal influence to eliminate maladaptive manifestations.

Artificial Intelligence for Energy Theft Detection in Distribution Networks

The digitization of distribution power systems has revolutionized the way data are collected and analyzed. In this paper, the critical task of harnessing this information to identify irregularities and anomalies in electricity consumption is tackled. The focus is on detecting non-technical losses (NTLs) and energy theft within distribution networks. A comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed to uncover NTLs and energy theft is presented, leveraging measurements of electricity consumption. The most common scenarios and prevalent cases of anomalies and theft among consumers are identified. Additionally, statistical indicators tailored to specific anomalies are proposed. In this research paper, the practical implementation of numerous artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, including the artificial neural network (ANN), ANFIS, autoencoder neural network, and K-mean clustering, is highlighted. These algorithms play a central role in our research, and our primary objective is to showcase their effectiveness in identifying NTLs. Real-world data sourced directly from distribution networks are utilized. Additionally, we carefully assess how well statistical methods work and compare them to AI techniques by testing them with real data. The artificial neural network (ANN) accurately identifies various consumer types, exhibiting a frequency error of 7.62%. In contrast, the K-means algorithm shows a slightly higher frequency error of 9.26%, while the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) fails to detect the initial anomaly type, resulting in a frequency error of 11.11%. Our research suggests that AI can make finding irregularities in electricity consumption even more effective. This approach, especially when using data from smart meters, can help us discover problems and safeguard distribution networks.

Approximating the Shapley Value without Marginal Contributions

The Shapley value, which is arguably the most popular approach for assigning a meaningful contribution value to players in a cooperative game, has recently been used intensively in explainable artificial intelligence. Its meaningfulness is due to axiomatic properties that only the Shapley value satisfies, which, however, comes at the expense of an exact computation growing exponentially with the number of agents. Accordingly, a number of works are devoted to the efficient approximation of the Shapley value, most of them revolve around the notion of an agent's marginal contribution. In this paper, we propose with SVARM and Stratified SVARM two parameter-free and domain-independent approximation algorithms based on a representation of the Shapley value detached from the notion of marginal contribution. We prove unmatched theoretical guarantees regarding their approximation quality and provide empirical results including synthetic games as well as common explainability use cases comparing ourselves with state-of-the-art methods.

Urgensi Penegakan Hukum terhadap Kasus Pencurian Sepeda Motor oleh Anak Muda di Kota Medan

Theft cases are the most common cases that are most disturbing to the public and detrimental to the parties involved. The law on theft no longer makes perpetrators of theft feel afraid of sanctions. Even though it is very clear that theft is classified as a criminal offense that will be punished according to the level of the theft case. The type of research carried out is empirical legal research, empirical legal research is a type of research that aims to look at the law as a whole and examine how the law functions in society. Empirical legal research methods can also be referred to as sociological legal research because the focus of this research is examining people in their social relationships. And the data collection techniques used were interview methods and literature studies. In the research, the data used is primary data in the form of statements from the Medan Police and the Medan District Court regarding motorbike theft. The results of the discussion were that each defendant was sentenced to prison for 4 (four) years. Causative factors include family or parental factors, environmental factors, economic need factors, and low education factors.

Universal Measure for the Impact of Adiabaticity on Quantum Transitions.

Adiabaticity is crucial for our understanding of complex quantum dynamics and thus for advancing fundamental physics and technology, but its impact cannot yet be quantified in complex but common cases where dynamics is only partially adiabatic, several eigenstates are simultaneously populated and transitions between noneigenstates are of key interest. We construct a universally applicable measure that can quantify the adiabaticity of quantum transitions in an arbitrary basis. Our measure distinguishes transitions that occur due to the adiabatic change of populated system eigenstates from transitions that occur due to beating between several eigenstates and can handle nonadiabatic events. While all quantum dynamics fall within the scope of the measure, we demonstrate its usage and utility through two important material science problems-energy and charge transfer-where adiabaticity could be effected by nuclear motion and its quantification will aid not only in unraveling mechanisms but also in system design, for example, of light harvesting systems.

Can an in-person hands-on applicator-based teaching session improve trainee knowledge and comfort with complex gynecologic brachytherapy?

INTRODUCTIONWith the emergence of imaged-based planning and hybrid applicators the complexity of gynecologic brachytherapy has dramatically increased. Despite the known advantages of brachytherapy, notable national declines in utilization of brachytherapy have been documented. Clearly improved education in the sphere of gynecologic brachytherapy is needed. We hypothesize that a hands-on applicator-based training session would improve trainee comfort with gynecologic brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALSAn in-person, applicator-based, hands-on training session was held with trainees from both radiation and gynecologic oncology programs. Trainees practiced assembling and handling applicators while receiving instruction on clinical scenarios in which various applicators are used in gynecologic cancer brachytherapy. Pre- and post-session, participants were administered an objective test of 10 pictorial-based case vignettes to quantify ability to select the correct applicator based on the interpretation of T2-weighted MR images. Participants additionally received a subjective survey to quantify comfort and experience with gynecologic brachytherapy using Likert-type question formatting. RESULTSA total of 14 trainees participated. Most common case volume experience was 0–10 intracavitary (57%), 0–10 hybrid (71%), and 0–10 interstitial (71%). Pre-session, the most common answer to comfort level was “not comfortable still learning” for all brachytherapy types, and most common answer to largest gap in knowledge was all facets of brachytherapy. Average case-based test score was 3.5/10 pre-session versus 5.3/10 post-session (p = 0.028). Post-session, all respondents reported improved comfort level with brachytherapy. Post-session, most common answer to largest gap in knowledge was applicator/patient selection, and applicator/patient selection was also the largest area of identified improvement. 100% of participants felt repeating the session in the future would be helpful. CONCLUSIONSHands-on training with applicators improves both subjective and objective comfort with gynecologic brachytherapy. With 100% of participants requesting to implement this session into resident training, we suggest national opportunities might exist to expand educational processes and improve utilization of complex gynecologic brachytherapy in practice.

Rich alone or rich together: the impact of value proposition innovation on the product–place co-branding value

PurposeThis study aims to examine an emerging product–place co-branding marketing practice in China’s rural areas. The role of this practice in inclusive development is analyzed from the perspectives of value proposition innovation, market legitimacy, media coverage and brand value. Both research and practice indicate value proposition innovation to exert an important influence on brand value enhancement, but little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation.Design/methodology/approachA moderated mediation model is constructed to examine whether market legitimacy mediates the relationship between value proposition innovation and brand value. vWhether this mediating process is moderated by media coverage is also examined. The primary data are collected from semi-structured interviews and observations conducted with two common cases to develop proper scales for value proposition innovation and market legitimacy. The research includes 100 product–place co-brandings published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2019. Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression and a Bootstrap model.FindingsValue proposition innovation has a positive effect on brand value, and market legitimacy partially mediates this relationship. Media coverage positively moderates the relationship between value proposition innovation and market legitimacy, and positively moderates the mediating effect of market legitimacy; the higher the media coverage, the stronger the mediating effect of market legitimacy.Research limitations/implicationsBased on data availability and accessibility, the study sample focused on indicators from 100 brands in 2019. If the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs discloses consecutive annual information for other years, future studies could explore panel data to further test the study’s conclusions from a longitudinal perspective.Originality/valueFirst, this paper adds to the emerging literature on product–place co-branding business models by examining the relationship between value proposition innovation and brand value. Second, this paper enriches institutional theory by including market legitimacy as a mediator between value proposition innovation and brand value. Third, this paper identifies the moderating role of media coverage, thus broadening the theoretical implications of institutional theory with respect to improving market legitimacy.

Assessing the impact of renewable energy penetration and geographical allocation on transmission expansion cost: A comparative analysis of two large-scale systems

Ambitious renewable energy development plans require an efficient electricity grid connection of massive generation capacity. Significant transmission network investments are considered necessary to support the energy transition. This paper analyses the transmission grid reinforcement requirements of two large-scale electricity systems with notably different geographical distributions of renewable resource availability and load density. The results indicate that optimal transmission expansion accounts for less than 10% of total annualised system investment (generation capacity + transmission grid). This is true even in transmission systems with significant existing bottlenecks. The study includes a sensitivity analysis of the location of renewable energy source (RES) capacity. The sensitivities examine the impact of varying the concentration of RES in resource-rich areas, as well as the proportion of RES capacity connected at the distribution level. Both sensitivities are evaluated over a common base case scenario. The results show that a higher concentration of RES capacity in resource-rich network zones can more than double the optimal transmission expansion requirements. In contrast, the implementation of distributed generation (DG) leads to the allocation of generation closer to demand centres, resulting in transmission grid savings of up to 30%. These effects are more pronounced in networks where RES capacity is located further away from major demand centres. This is because existing bottlenecks are exacerbated by higher RES concentration and relieved as the share of DG increases.

Work Related Rest-An Employer’s Favour or Employee’s Right? A Perspective of Ghana’s Legal Regime

Work related rest is highly ignored by employers especially in Ghana’s private corporate sector. In a highly competitive job market and scarce job opportunities, employers tend to perceive jobs as favour being made to employees. This perception tends to influence employers to deprive employees of their necessary work-related rest breaks rightfully due them. Such actions by these employers in most cases seem uncontested by employees since they are not privy to their rights to work related rest or tend to apprehend fear that they might lose their jobs in a bid to agitate for their legal rights to rest breaks. Alternatively, an employer may not restrict an employee’s right to rest breaks but rather, employees may tend to ignore their rights to rest especially in the form of annual leave for want of excessive financial gain. This paper highlights provisions on work related rest from Ghana’s Labour Act,2003 (ACT 651) which is a domestic law drawn from the International Labour Organization. The manuscript advances practicality of the sections on rest breaks highlighted by the Labour Act of Ghana by introducing both Ghanaian and Common law cases on rights and obligations of employers and employees in relation to rest breaks in Ghana.

BREAKING THE CHAIN OVERCOMING, UNDERSTANDING, PREVENTING AND ERADICATING SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN INDONESIA

<p>This abstract focus on sexual harassment case in Indonesia, “Breaking the Chain Overcoming, Understanding, Preventing and Eradicating Sexual Harassment in Indonesia”. Sexual harassment cases are common cases that occur not only in Indonesia, but also in the world. Cases of sexual harassment also often receive the attention of the public, state officials and the law. Even though there is a legal framework in Indonesia, low incident reporting is still a challenge. This highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the cultural nuances that shape perceptions and responses to such behavior. Cases of sexual harassment do not only happen to women, but also to men. Those who became victims also came from various ages, from toddlers to even the elderly. This abstract will be focus on aims why we need to minimize cases of sexual harassment in Indonesia.</p><p>Article<br />Abstract Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Indonesia, Legal Framework, Social-Culture Society.</p>

A clinicopathological analysis of 151 odontogenic tumors based on new WHO classification 2022: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Background: Odontogenic tumors are a diverse group of lesions with a variety of clinical behavior and histopathologic subtypes, from hamartomatous and benign to malignant. The study aimed to examine the clinical and pathological features of odontogenic tumors in Baghdad over the last 11 years (2011–2021). Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study analyzed all formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients diagnosed with an odontogenic tumor that were retrieved from archives at a teaching hospital/College of Dentistry in Baghdad University, Iraq, between 2011 and 2021. The diagnosis of each case was confirmed by examining the hematoxylin and eosin stained sections by two expert pathologists. Data from patients' case sheets were collected, including age, gender, location, and histopathological information. The type of lesions was evaluated based on the World Health Organization's most recent classification (March 2022). Results: There were 151 odontogenic tumor during this period. The most common type (39.1%) was Solid ameloblastoma. The mandibular tumors (76.8%) were more than the maxillary tumors (23.2%). The female to male ratio was 1.1:1. The most cases are found between the 2nd and 5th decades of life. Conclusions: Solid ameloblastoma was the most common odontogenic tumor, while primordial odontogenic tumor was the rarest, Odontogenic tumors were slightly more common in females than in males, the most common cases occur in the mandible., the outcome of the study gives valuable information regarding the patients' profile and type of odontogenic tumors over 11 years, which could aid in the early diagnosis and enhance the intervention.

An Incidental Discovery of the Intrathoracic Accessory Liver Lobe in a 72-Year-Old Man: Case Report and Literature Review

Accessory liver lobe is a rare finding, with the most common cases being accessory liver tissue on the gallbladder wall separate from the orthotopic liver. As the incidence of the ectopic liver is low there are only several case reports in published literature that describe similar presentations. We report a case of intrathoracic liver lobe that was connected to the main liver by a thick pedicle. Due to benign presentation, the patient was discharged without any surgical intervention. This case highlights the importance of understanding anatomical variability of internal organs, understanding the risks of torsion and malignant transformation of the accessory liver tissue. The literature review provides an excellent overview of published case series and reports, and outlines current recommendations on imaging, diagnosis, and management.

Resazurin to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration on antifungal susceptibility assays for Fonsecaea sp. using a modified EUCAST protocol.

Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal chronic disease, which affects humans, especially in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. There is no standard treatment for Chromoblastomycosis, and it is a therapeutic challenge, due natural resistance of their causative agents, inadequate response of patients and common cases of relapse. Protocols for determination of antifungal drugs susceptibility are not standardized for chromoblastomycosis agents and endpoint definition is usually based on visual inspection, which depends on the analyst, making it sometimes inaccurate. We presented a colorimetric and quantitative methodology based on resazurin reduction to resofurin to determine the metabolic status of viable cells of Fonsecaea sp. Performing antifungal susceptibility assay by a modified EUCAST protocol allied to resazurin, we validated the method to identify the minimum inhibitory concentrations of itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and terbinafine for eight Fonsecaea clinical isolates. According to our data, resazurin is a good indicator of metabolic status of viable cells, including those exposed to antifungal drugs. This work aimed to test resazurin as an indicator of the metabolic activity of Fonsecaea species in susceptibility assays to antifungal drugs. Species of this genus are the main causative agents of Chromoblastomycosis, which affects humans.

Trans-dimensional joint inversion of modal amplitude and arrival- time data for geoacoustic properties in layered muddy sediments

Long-range sound fields in a shallow-water waveguide can be expressed as a summation of several dispersive propagating modes. Modal arrival times as a function of frequency, extracted via warping time-frequency analysis, have been used by many researchers to estimate sound speeds and densities for layered models of the seabed sediments. This paper explores joint inversion of modal amplitude spectra together with arrival times to also estimate sediment-layer attenuations. To consider the common case in underwater-acoustic applications where the source amplitude spectrum is unknown, we include this spectrum as unknown parameters in the inversion, formulated implicitly within the likelihood function. Trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion is applied to estimate marginal probability profiles of the geoacoustic properties, providing quantitative uncertainties. The data considered here were collected on the New England Mud Patch during the 2017 Seabed Characterization Experiment. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]

Edukasi Dan Mengatasi Nyeri Bahu Dengan Terapi Latihan di Pos Lansia Banyuanyar Surakarta

Banyuanyar Village is located in Banjarsari District, Surakarta City. Banyuanyar Village is included in the status of urban areas and has a Puskesmas which plays an important role in public health. Patient visits at the Banyuanyar Health Center physiotherapy clinic for shoulder pain cases from 2022 were 25 patients while in 2023 they increased to 50 patients. The most common case is shoulder pain with the third highest case. Characterized by complaints of pain in the shoulder that hinder daily activities. The purpose of this program is to provide education and demonstrate exercises in cases of shoulder pain in order to reduce and prevent complaints. The method used was education in the form of counseling and distributing leaflets to the elderly at the Banyuanyar RW 03 elderly post. The results obtained from measuring the increase in understanding using the pre-test and post-test questionnaires were a significant increase in understanding regarding exercise with a pre-test average value of 10 and a post-test average value of 85.5

Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunctions due to antidepressants: A primer on assessment and management strategies.

Antidepressants (ADs) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. Persons with mental illness taking ADs commonly report sexual dysfunction (SD) related to treatment. A brief discussion on the neurobiology of sexual functioning and mechanism of treatment-emergent SD (TESD) was performed. The incidence of prevalence of TESD in various studies has been reviewed. TESD impacts patients as it frequently leads to nonadherence, while psychiatrists have challenges in proceeding forward with treatment in such patients. Assessment of patients with suspected TESD is described with a focus on practical tips for clinicians. Five strategies (watchful waiting, drug holiday, downward titration, switching, and add-on therapy) to manage TESD have been extensively discussed with evidence in the literature. Each strategy comes with its own bag of advantages and drawbacks, which have been pointed out for simplicity. A detailed discussion on individual pharmacological strategies is given, and options for non-pharmacological management that can be tried are enlisted. Common clinical case scenarios have been discussed to incorporate the implementation of this literature.

Legal basis and main technologies of socio-psychological work with vulnerable categories of the population in the community

The war in Ukraine has led to an increase in the need for social assistance among vulnerable populations, which requires strengthening the capacity of social services to respond to new challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal and technological framework for wartime assistance and to demonstrate the effectiveness of modern methods through theoretical and empirical analysis. Data collection and analysis were conducted in compliance with ethical and legal standards for social research. Currently, Ukrainian policy makes it possible to support models such as the proposed Integrated Social Services approach. However, the findings of the study indicate a potential need for legal/regulatory reforms to further strengthen the capacity to respond to crisis situations. The results confirm that the implemented interventions successfully address the problems of displaced persons, veterans, most-at-risk families, etc. Individual case management and group social and psychological trainings contribute to capacity development, and the model of integrated services allows for quick resolution of acute problems. Comparative evaluations show that the integrated system is superior to individual methods in quickly addressing crisis situations. However, new groups that fall outside the scope of current legislation, such as victims of domestic violence, may require mandatory expansion of eligibility criteria. Laws could also include standards for interagency coordination to address fragmentation. This urgent relevance highlights how robust legal/ethical foundations uphold assistance models in turmoil. It was also concluded that the implementation of legal reforms that would create a unified system of cooperation could mitigate these problems. In particular, legislation could formalise requirements such as data and information sharing between service providers, common case management procedures, common reporting standards and interdisciplinary partnerships. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results of the problem analysis to create accessible mechanisms to improve the quality of support for vulnerable demographic groups. Enshrining access to care as an inalienable guarantee creates an ecosystem that is resilient to modern threats

Enforcement of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Women

Cases of human trafficking in Indonesia are currently very widespread. Apart from being used as sexual exploitation in Indonesia, the most common cases of human trafficking in Indonesia are cases of prostitution where people are trafficked in providing sexual services that can be ordered online. This of course creates unrest among the wider community. There are so many cases of human trafficking in cyberspace that occur and of course many of these cases have not been revealed because apart from the performance of law enforcement officers, it is also due to the inadequate legal regulations and criminal sanctions in dealing with human trafficking cases in cyberspace. cyberspace. The provisions in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Human Trafficking do not regulate in detail all aspects regarding sanctions, elements and other matters regarding human trafficking. in cyberspace, both from Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking and it is felt necessary to revise or further refine existing regulations so that later criminal sanctions can be imposed. These regulations can be used as a countermeasure. In this research, researchers try to examine the case of Decision Number 841/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn and Decision Number: 180/Pid.Sus/2016/PN Psp, Decision Number 841 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn and in the research This time, researchers tried to examine the case of Decision Number 841/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn and Decision Number: 180/Pid.Sus/2016/PN Psp, Decision Number 841 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn with the defendant named Mujiono alias Edak is an entrepreneur whose address is Hamlet III, Liberia Village, Kec. Mengkudu Bay District. Serdang Bedagai. The public prosecutor has submitted the defendant to trial on the charge of declaring that the defendant MUJIONO als EDAK has been legally and convincingly proven to have committed a criminal act ", who carried out recruitment, for the purpose of exploiting said person in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia" as regulated and punishable by crime in Article 2 of the Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking.