Common Attributes Research Articles

The language of intuition: a thematic integration model of intuitive coherence judgments

ABSTRACT People can intuitively distinguish semantically coherent from incoherent word triads, even without knowing the common denominator. Drawing on cognitive linguistics, the present authors suggest that intuitive coherence judgments are driven by the thematic relations of the triad words. Words are thematically related when they perform different roles in the same scenario (e.g. CHICKEN and EGG are related via a production theme). Thematic relations differ from associations (CHICKEN and LITTLE are associated with a Disney movie) and taxonomic relations, which specify common attributes between concepts (CHICKEN and SPARROW are both birds). Consistent with the thematic integration model, word triads with thematic (rather than taxonomic) relations were more often judged as coherent (Study 1). Moreover, priming thematic (rather than taxonomic) processing led to more intuitive coherence judgments of word triads (Study 2). In three published datasets, thematic relations between triads’ word pairs predicted over half of the variance in intuitive coherence judgments (Study 3). Finally, when the existence of a common denominator and thematic relations were independently manipulated, thematic relations drove intuitive coherence judgments (Study 4). These findings demonstrate that intuition draws on people’s thematic knowledge about the world.

Analysis Method of Subjective Uncertainty

Understanding the uncertainty of objective things in actual engineering is inevitable, and it has a direct impact on engineering decision-making. In view of this, there are many theories—fuzzy mathematics, evidence theory and other related theories have been put forward, and which have been widely applied in practical engineering at present. However, these theories are based on their specific uncertainties, which are large different from each other and do not completely reveal the common attributes of such uncertainties. In this paper, a basic analysis method of subjective uncertainty is established by based on the concepts of degree of belief and unascertained quantity. The paper will introduce the axiomatic operation rules of degree of belief, and further elaborate the subjective uncertainty analysis method. Based on the basic analysis methods of fuzzy mathematics and evidence theory, a unified method of subjective uncertainty analysis is reviewed and improved. It can help to establish a unified understanding of subjective uncertainty, and can help to comprehensively analyze the influence of various subjective uncertainties on engineering decision-making.

Multi layer Attestation for Internet of Things using Blockchain

Internet of Things (IOT) by its nature comprises of heterogeneous devices with varying degree of resources and capabilities with common attributes that those are connected and uniquely identifiable over the network. Given the always on always connected nature of IoT devices along with virtually limitless applications, the attack surface of constituent IoT device is very large. Hence ability to attest IoT devices for its trustworthiness is very important factor in determining trustworthiness of IoT network. In past significant amount of research has focused on possible attestation mechanisms for IoT but all those proposals invariably depend on specific hardware implementation like TrustZone, SGX, TPM, RTC, memory with OTP etc. Sine all such security primitives are either architecture or manufacturer specific it is not possible to build common unified attestation scheme for all constituent IoT devices in a typical IoT network using any of those primitives. This research work proposes different pragmatic approach to define such common and scalable attestation scheme that all IoT devices within IoT network could deploy. The proposed scheme makes use of memory management which is one of most basic features of any processor or controller to build common and scalable attestation mechanism for all types of IoT devices. The approach is to understand threat model and then develop mitigations in pragmatic manner.

Flexible Players within the Sheaths: The Intrinsically Disordered Proteins of Myelin in Health and Disease.

Myelin ensheathes selected axonal segments within the nervous system, resulting primarily in nerve impulse acceleration, as well as mechanical and trophic support for neurons. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, various proteins that contribute to the formation and stability of myelin are present, which also harbor pathophysiological roles in myelin disease. Many myelin proteins have common attributes, including small size, hydrophobic segments, multifunctionality, longevity, and regions of intrinsic disorder. With recent advances in protein biophysical characterization and bioinformatics, it has become evident that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are abundant in myelin, and their flexible nature enables multifunctionality. Here, we review known myelin IDPs, their conservation, molecular characteristics and functions, and their disease relevance, along with open questions and speculations. We place emphasis on classifying the molecular details of IDPs in myelin, and we correlate these with their various functions, including susceptibility to post-translational modifications, function in protein–protein and protein–membrane interactions, as well as their role as extended entropic chains. We discuss how myelin pathology can relate to IDPs and which molecular factors are potentially involved.

Evaluation of Privacy Risks of Patients' Data in China: Case Study.

BackgroundPatient privacy is a ubiquitous problem around the world. Many existing studies have demonstrated the potential privacy risks associated with sharing of biomedical data. Owing to the increasing need for data sharing and analysis, health care data privacy is drawing more attention. However, to better protect biomedical data privacy, it is essential to assess the privacy risk in the first place.ObjectiveIn China, there is no clear regulation for health systems to deidentify data. It is also not known whether a mechanism such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) safe harbor policy will achieve sufficient protection. This study aimed to conduct a pilot study using patient data from Chinese hospitals to understand and quantify the privacy risks of Chinese patients.MethodsWe used g-distinct analysis to evaluate the reidentification risks with regard to the HIPAA safe harbor approach when applied to Chinese patients’ data. More specifically, we estimated the risks based on the HIPAA safe harbor and limited dataset policies by assuming an attacker has background knowledge of the patient from the public domain.ResultsThe experiments were conducted on 0.83 million patients (with data field of date of birth, gender, and surrogate ZIP codes generated based on home address) across 33 provincial-level administrative divisions in China. Under the Limited Dataset policy, 19.58% (163,262/833,235) of the population could be uniquely identifiable under the g-distinct metric (ie, 1-distinct). In contrast, the Safe Harbor policy is able to significantly reduce privacy risk, where only 0.072% (601/833,235) of individuals are uniquely identifiable, and the majority of the population is 3000 indistinguishable (ie the population is expected to share common attributes with 3000 or less people).ConclusionsThrough the experiments based on real-world patient data, this work illustrates that the results of g-distinct analysis about Chinese patient privacy risk are similar to those from a previous US study, in which data from different organizations/regions might be vulnerable to different reidentification risks under different policies. This work provides reference to Chinese health care entities for estimating patients’ privacy risk during data sharing, which laid the foundation of privacy risk study about Chinese patients’ data in the future.

Realizing Beneficial End Uses from Abandoned Pit Lakes

Pit lakes can represent significant liabilities at mine closure. However, depending upon certain characteristics of which water quality is key, pit lakes often also present opportunities to provide significant regional benefit and address residual closure risks of both their own and overall project closure and even offset the environmental costs of mining by creating new end uses. These opportunities are widely dependent on water quality, slope stability, and safety issues. Unfortunately, many pit lakes have continued to be abandoned without repurposing for an end use. We reviewed published pit lake repurposing case studies of abandoned mine pit lakes. Beneficial end use type and outcome varied depending upon climate and commodity, but equally important were social and political dynamics that manifest as mining company commitments or regulatory requirements. Many end uses have been realized: passive and active recreation, nature conservation, fishery and aquaculture, drinking and industrial water storage, greenhouse carbon fixation, flood protection and waterway remediation, disposal of mine and other waste, mine water treatment and containment, and education and research. Common attributes and reasons that led to successful repurposing of abandoned pit lakes as beneficial end uses are discussed. Recommendations are given for all stages of mine closure planning to prevent pit lake abandonment and to achieve successful pit lake closure with beneficial end uses.

Velocity Inversion with an Iterative Normal Incidence Point (NIP) Wave Tomography with Model-Based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) Stack

Normal Incidence Point (NIP) wave tomography inversion has been recently developed to generate a velocity model using Common Reflection Surface (CRS) attributes, which is called the kinematic wavefield attribute. In this paper, we propose to use the model based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) stack method attributes instead of data driven Common Reflection Surface attributes as an input data parameter. In this way, the effects of Normal wave on Normal Incidence Point wave calculation are removed. In the proposed method, the velocity model is updated iteratively by an interactive between Common Diffraction Surface attributes and the velocity model produced by Normal Incidence Point wave tomography inversion. We applied the proposed method on a 2D complex land data set in the northeast of Iran. The events in the Common Image Gathers (CIGs) become flat after migrating the pre stack data by using the obtained velocity. This is while the events on the same Common Image Gathers that are processed by the data driven Common Reflection Surface stake method are not well flatted. These results show a great capability of the proposed method to obtain the velocity model compared to the single step Normal Incidence Point wave tomography inversion with Common Reflection Surface attributes.

Differences in Staining for Neutrophil Elastase and its Controlling Inhibitor SLPI Reveal Heterogeneity among Neutrophils in Psoriasis

Neutrophils are broadly classified into conventional neutrophils (PMNs) and low-density granulocytes (LDGs). LDGs are better than PMNs at generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which may contribute to the pathology of autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that LDGs and PMNs differ in their levels of unrestrained NE that supports NET generation. Here, we show that individuals with psoriasis contain elevated levels of LDGs and that in contrast to PMNs, the LDGs display higher staining for NE and lower staining for its inhibitor SLPI. The heterogeneity between blood-derived LDGs and PMNs was somewhat reminiscent of the differences in the NE and SLPI staining patterns observed in psoriasis skin-infiltrating neutrophils. Distinctive staining for NE and SLPI in LDGs and PMNs did not result from differences in their protein levels nor manifested in higher total proteolytic activity of NE in LDGs; rather, it likely depended on different cytosolic sequestration of these proteins. The disparate profile of NE and SLPI in LDGs and PMNs coincided with altered migratory responses of these cells to cutaneous chemoattractants. Collectively, differential NE and SLPI staining identifies common attributes of both circulating and skin-infiltrating neutrophils, which may guide neutrophil migration to distinct skin regions and determine the localization of LDGs-mediated cutaneous pathology.

An Exploratory Study of Financial Performance in CEE Countries

Our research investigates the performance of companies from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in the period after the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 with the aim of identifying the driving factors behind accounting- and market-based performance. We include in the analysis companies from various industries in CEE countries that are European Union members and we study their performance between 2008-2016 over the following areas of performance: liquidity, solvency and indebtedness, operational profitability, global performance (through Return on assets and Return on equity), returns available to shareholders and market-based performance (through price/book value and Tobin Q ratio). Employing the hierarchical and non-hierarchical k-means cluster analysis companies are segmented into various homogeneous groups using various financial performance indicators as variables, Euclidian distances and the Ward amalgamation method. Furthermore, the resulting clusters have been grouped according to the country of origin and industry. Our findings show that specific groups of companies in these countries share common attributes, as evidenced by their performance indicators, which do not seem to be entirely based on their countries of origin and industry. Moreover, our exploration of CEE companies’ performance dynamics after 2008 evidences the increased competition in all industries particularly after 2009, as well as businesses’ need to adjust their activities after the losses incurred during the crisis period, but these phenomena is present with different intensities depending on country of origin and industry. At the same, we note the enhancement of global performance through improvements in the operational performance instead of financial leverage and indebtedness, which is a sound business approach by CEE companies.
 Keywords: financial performance, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), statistical cluster analysis, return to investors

Review of Emergy Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment: Coupling Development Perspective

Two methods of natural ecosystem assessment—emergy analysis (EMA) and life cycle assessment (LCA)—are reviewed in this paper. Their advantages, disadvantages, and application areas are summarized, and the similarities and differences between these two evaluation methods are analyzed respectively. Their research progress is also sorted out. The study finds that EMA and LCA share common attributes in evaluation processes and research fields, but they focus on different aspects of macrocosms and microcosms. The assessment of system sustainability is valued by both EMA and LCA, but the former has unique advantages in natural system input analysis, and the latter is more convincing in assessing environmental loading capacity. If the system boundaries of the two methods are expanded, in other words, factors such as ecosystem services, labor, and infrastructure construction are integrated into the upstream of the target system, and environmental impact is further analyzed using LCA in the downstream of the system, the two approaches would complete each other. The quantified results would be more objective. Therefore, these two theories have the necessity of coupling development. After reviewing recent coupling application cases, the results show that LCA and EMA have commonality in the upstream of the target system (mainly in inventory database construction), while the environmental impact assessment methods are different in the downstream. So the overall coupling analysis method is not formed. The current paper gives rational suggestions on the coupling development of the two systems in terms of the aggregate emergy flow table, the indicator system construction and indicator evaluation methods. In addition, it is necessary to introduce sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis in order to improve the reliability of assessment results. At present, the research on the coupling development of the two theories is in rapid development stage, but there are still many problems that need further exploration.

Traditional Faculty Meeting Style is Not Conducive to Group Decision Making

Traditional group meeting style in an organizational setting is a common platform for collaborative decision-making. This setting can be disruptive and fraught with bias, resulting in unhealthy conflict and failure to accomplish the goals of the meeting. The outcome of said meetings can offer false representation of support for a given decision. The author sought out to devise a new decision-making model that will attempt to remove unwanted bias from the decision-making process. Common attributes that result in bias include the lack of information and under time constraints, decisions made without enough background information and in a perceived limited time frame. The makeup of the organization meetings with supervisors, subordinates, mentors can create bias when votes are verbal, not anonymous. This paper explores problems with group decision-making and why the current method provides a false representation of support. Current methods for group decision making are defined and include the Naturalistic Decision-Making model, Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis, and Decision Analysis. The Nominal Group and Delphi techniques are explored as options available, but not successful in this situation. Based on the current models, techniques, and the needs of the organization meetings, a successful alternative to decision-making in a group environment is characterized and explained.

Public Health Senior Deputy's Perceptions of State Health Officials' Success Factors: Professional Characteristics, Personal Attributes, and Signs of Derailment.

Senior deputies work closely with state health officials (SHOs) in state public health agencies and are a valuable resource for understanding their roles, responsibilities, and characteristics. Examine senior deputies' perceptions of SHO success factors. Qualitative study including nominal group technique focus groups, a small expert focus group, and interviews. US state public health agencies. Senior deputies in state public health agencies 2016/2017. Perceptions of SHO success factors. The most commonly perceived professional characteristics of a successful SHO included the following: credible trusted voice with internal respect/external credibility; improves public health prominence/visibility with an evidence-based agenda; and grows the agency/leaves it stronger. Perceptions of the most common personal attributes for success included excellent listening skills; credibility/honesty/trustworthiness; and public health experience/knowledge. The most commonly perceived signs of SHO derailment included when SHOs have a visible lack of support of elected officials (eg, governor/legislators) and when the SHO is "bypassed" by elected officials. A key finding of this study centers on the relationship between the SHO and the governor; meeting the expectations of the governor was identified as a significant professional characteristic of success. Findings highlight the expectation that SHOs have a clear understanding of the governor's priorities and how to relate to the governor's office early in their tenure. This goal should be a priority for transition teams that aid new SHOs as they begin in their new roles. Study insights can help better prepare for orientation/onboarding of new SHOs. Development of key transition documents and tools for rapid onboarding should be considered. Transition teams should assist new SHOs in establishing an understanding of the governor's priorities and how to best communicate with to the governor's office early in their tenure. Strong senior management teams should be prioritized and fostered.

A Joint Label Space for Generalized Zero-Shot Classification.

The fundamental problem of Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) is that the one-hot label space is discrete, which leads to a complete loss of the relationships between seen and unseen classes. Conventional approaches rely on using semantic auxiliary information, e.g. attributes, to re-encode each class so as to preserve the inter-class associations. However, existing learning algorithms only focus on unifying visual and semantic spaces without jointly considering the label space. More importantly, because the final classification is conducted in the label space through a compatibility function, the gap between attribute and label spaces leads to significant performance degradation. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel pathway that uses the label space to jointly reconcile visual and semantic spaces directly, which is named Attributing Label Space (ALS). In the training phase, one-hot labels of seen classes are directly used as prototypes in a common space, where both images and attributes are mapped. Since mappings can be optimized independently, the computational complexity is extremely low. In addition, the correlation between semantic attributes has less influence on visual embedding training because features are mapped into labels instead of attributes. In the testing phase, the discrete condition of label space is removed, and priori one-hot labels are used to denote seen classes and further compose labels of unseen classes. Therefore, the label space is very discriminative for the Generalized ZSL (GZSL), which is more reasonable and challenging for real-world applications. Extensive experiments on five benchmarks manifest improved performance over all of compared state-of-the-art methods.

Construction of new country image through film media: Chinese films from 1949 to 1978

This article analyzes the film producer groups in mainland China from 1949 to 1978, and explores the social, political, and economic roots behind the text. It involves 30 films and 45 filmmakers. The academic significance of this article is to analyze the historical film narrative to explain the deep-seated reasons for the critical-affirmative-critical process of film narrative after the founding of New China. The most important reason is the political needs. The practical significance is to provide a refer-ence for film producers in a narrative direction. More complex social backgrounds must be considered. This article mainly studies the common social attributes of film producers through their group re-search. At the same time, a structuralist film narratology approach was used. For example, the methods of Propp, Todorov, Strauss, and Grams. Analyze the social structural features behind the film narrative from different aspects. The conclusion of the study is that film narrative completes the construction of a national image by establishing the core position of the Communist Party in the establishment of a new country. After the founding of New China, the legitimacy of the Communist Party of China needs to be widely recognized by society. The film medium was a form of communication that was well suited to the conditions at the time. The supreme ruler hopes to quickly build a common imagination of the country’s image through the repeated narration of the film. The value of the research is to analyze the film narrative for the first time by analyzing the group characteristics of the film producers themselves.

Semantic analysis of the proverbs and sayings with the lexical component “heart” in the English language

The subject of this research is the semantic peculiarities of proverbs and sayings with the lexical component “heart” in the English linguistic consciousness. The goal consists in analyzing these phraseological units, extent the representations on the lexeme “heart”, and examines its redefined meaning. Special attention is paid to study of the concept of phraseology as science, phenomenon of phraseological units, as well as determination of common and differential attributes of proverbs and sayings, which reflect vision of the world and national culture of native speakers. Using the method of continuous sampling, the author determined 28 phraseological units with the component “heart”. The conducted semantic analysis allowed classifying proverbs and saying with the component “heart” in the English language, identify linguoculturological aspects of the concept “HEART”, provide a holistic description to the semantic structure of the aforementioned phraseological units. The analyzed phraseologisms were grouped depending on the meaning of the component, which is used by native speakers for expressing the attitude to garrulity, cowardice, self-doubt, description of various feelings and emotions. In phraseological units of English language, the lexical component “heart” is associated primarily with an individual and his inner world: personality traits; other people’s perception of him; his relationship with other people; communication manner; self-identification in the surrounding reality; type of activity.

Comparison of British Columbia and Washington State City Powers

This project focuses on two cities in British Columbia (Vancouver and Surrey) and two in Washington State (Seattle and Bellevue). . All four cities lie in the Cascadia Corridor (west of the Cascade Range, which stretches from lower mainland British Columbia to Oregon) and share common attributes, including strong technology sectors, a shortage of affordable housing, and unusually high levels of homelessness for cities in developed countries. Equally, these cities occupy the traditional, historic, and largely unceded territories of the local Indigenous peoples. The cities face common problems, including transportation, housing, and the opioid crisis. What legislative and policy tools are available to them? What can we learn by comparing the legal powers of cities in British Columbia and in Washington State, in two neighboring national federal systems? The paper lays the legal groundwork for thinking about how innovation in one city might influence and guide innovation in other cities across borders, particularly in those policy areas that challenge urban communities and governance This guide outlines the basic legal framework of these cities, providing a basic guide to municipal power in the two jurisdictions, as well as points of similarity and difference as the border between Canada and the United States is crossed. Thus, chapters engage with questions about the relationship between cities and other levels of government, the structure and sources of municipal authority, and the legislative and policy tools available to cities. The paper is the product of a cooperative venture of faculty and students from the University of British Columbia Peter A. Allard School of Law and the University of Washington School of Law. More broadly, this project is part of the Cascadia Urban Analytics Cooperative (CUAC), an “applied, interdisciplinary, regional venture that brings together academic researchers, students, and public stakeholder groups” to address issues affecting residents of the Cascadia region. A joint initiative between Microsoft, the University of Washington, and the University of British Columbia, CUAC seeks to use data science to inform and fuel social objectives in urban contexts. CUAC projects cover a broad range of topics but CUAC specifically endeavors to address issues related to “equitable transportation, housing stability, population health and responsible data science” throughout Cascadia.

Difference of Watermarking & Steganography

In the current world, the sensitive data are being transferred from source to destination in a much secured way in a common internet is inexorable. There are various technological aspects involved among the data world to protect the sensitive information or data hiding. Watermarking and Steganography are such important techniques which plays a prominent role in such data hiding. Earlier various techniques are been widely used like finger printing, Cryptography for encryption and decryption etc. But in the recent days the Digital Watermarking and Steganography are two range of techniques in such information hiding in a covered or secret way embedding to any host data which can be extracted with proper algorithms after the receiver receives the information. The combination of all these techniques can also bring a change in the internet industry. The information can be concealed and send across in a platform to the receiver with all these hidden techniques whereas the receiver of the data also need to know on the extraction techniques so that the information is been securely sent and received in a two-way communication. This paper deals about the comparing the common factors or attributes among the Watermarking and Steganography techniques.

Incorporating Semantic Word Representations into Query Expansion for Microblog Information Retrieval

Microblog information retrieval has attracted much attention of researchers to capture the desired information in daily communications on social networks. Since the contents of microblogs are always non-standardized and flexible, including many popular Internet expressions, the retrieval accuracy of microblogs has much room for improvement. To enhance microblog information retrieval, we propose a novel query expansion method to enrich user queries with semantic word representations. In our method, we use a neural network model to map each word in the corpus to a low-dimensional vector representation. The mapped word vectors satisfy the algebraic vector addition operation, and the new vector obtained by the addition operation can express some common attributes of the two words. In this sense, we represent keywords in user queries as vectors, sum all the keyword vectors, and use the obtained query vectors to select the expansion words. In addition, we also combine the traditional pseudo-relevance feedback query expansion method with the proposed query expansion method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and reduces noises in the expanded query, which improves the accuracy of microblog retrieval.

Maradona in our minds: The FIFA World Cup as a way to address collective memory properties.

The FIFA World Cup football tournament is one of the most widely watched sporting events in the world. Particularly, the Argentina national football team has appeared in five World-Cup finals and support for this team has been a long-standing tradition in this country. In the present study, we asked whether the FIFA World Cup constructs a significant collective memory and to what extent this informal memory is similar to collective memories acquired in more formal settings. An online memory task was conducted asking a large group of Argentinian adults (N=407) which country was the winner, the runner-up, and the host of each tournament from 1930 to 2014. In addition, participants were asked to rank the emotional content and the response confidence of each tournament. Finally, participants reported a number of keywords associated with each tournament, to measure memory detail. Our results reveal the existence of a robust collective memory for the World Cup events, showing a high degree of memory accuracy and detail with regard to the history of the tournaments. Furthermore, an independent replication study (N=124) confirmed our findings. More specifically, we found evidence for general principles of individual memories in FIFA World-Cup informal collective memories. These results suggest that informal collective memories share common attributes with more formal collective memories such as those found in presidents or wars. Thus, collective memory properties may be independent of the conditions under which their acquisition occurs.

The Early Neolithic of Iraqi Kurdistan: Current research at Bestansur, Shahrizor Plain

Human communities made the transition from hunter-foraging to more sedentary agriculture at multiple locations across southwest Asia through the Early Neolithic (ca. 10,000-7000 BC). Societies explored strategies involving increasing management and development of plants, animals, materials, technologies and ideologies specific to each region whilst sharing some common attributes. Current research in the eastern Fertile Crescent is contributing new insights into the Early Neolithic transition and the critical role that this region played. The Central Zagros Archaeological Project (CZAP) is investigating this transition in Iraqi Kurdistan, including at the earliest Neolithic settlement so far excavated in the region. In this article, we focus on results from ongoing excavations at the Early Neolithic site of Bestansur on the Shahrizor Plain (Sulaimaniyah province), in order to address key themes in the Neolithic transition.