Common Alum Research Articles

Impact of alum pretreatment on biosand filter performance: reply to Dorea's commentary on Curry et al. (2020) article

Abstract Dorea's commentary on our paper (Curry et al. 2020), on how a common alum pretreatment technique reduces turbidities of biosand filter (BSF) source water but still results in significantly lower flow rates, is extremely helpful and gives further insight into why the flow rates decreased. The explanations and additional resources cited by Dorea in the commentary help explain why the flow reductions observed from alum pretreatment can vary depending on the type of source water.

The Immunotherapeutic Effect of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> Nanoparticles as Adjuvants on Mice H<SUB>22</SUB> Live Cancer

The aim of this paper is to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles and study its immunotherapeutic effect as adjuvants on mice H22 live cancer. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical coprecipitation route. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDS) were used to characterize Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were compared with the common alum adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to inhibit tumor growth rate by prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Results indicated that Fe3O4 nanopaticles adsorbed autovaccine took great advantages over the common alum adjuvants after subcutaneous injection, raised the mass inhibitory rate of tumor, boosted the activity of cytotoxicity and enhanced the level of IFN-gamma cytokine. Thus, we concluded that Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adjuvants had great potential for enhancing anti-tumor immune response.

Comparative Toxicity of Certain Non‐Insecticidal Chemicals to Mesocyclops leuckarti, the Carrier Host of Dracunculosis

AbstractThe relative toxicities of seven non insecticidal chemicals to Mesocyclops leuckarti were tested. The relative toxicity of each chemical is given as under: Chlorine water > Potassium permanganate > Cetavlon > Quicklime > Common alum > Savlon > Sodium bicarbonate.

Nucleation phenomena arising during the dehydration of solid hydrates

The lattice vacancies formed on the evaporation of water molecules from the surfaces of potassium chrome alum have little mobility within the crystal. Treatment of crystals of potassium and ammonium chrome alums and copper sulphate pentahydrate in hard vacuum produces a change in the surface which under the catalytic action of water vapour gives rise to nuclei of the solid products. Common alum does not show these phenomena. The anomalous activation energies of the interface reactions of hydrates are discussed.

On the Molecular Structure of Common Alum

On the Molecular Structure of Common Alum

XII. On the Combination of Chlorine with the Prussiate of Potash, and the presence of such a compound as an impurity in Prussian Blue

It has been long known that the Prussian blue of commerce contains an admixture, in greater or less quantity, of alumina, sulphate of potash, and common alum, one or all of them being easily detected in every specimen. The sulphate of potash and the alum may be separated by frequent boiling in water, but they are seldom in such quantity as to render this process necessary. The alumina may be removed by digestion in muriatic acid, and the washing consequent upon this mode of treatment will free it from all the soluble impurities.When the alkalies or earths are digested with Prussian blue, in order to form the common Prussiates, and the yellow solution is evaporated, it almost uniformly happens that after the first or second crop of crystals is separated, there remains a dark brownish-red liquid, which either does not crystallize at all, or gives crystals of the required prussiate of a dirty brown colour, and mixed with a greater or less portion of a red matter, either massive, or in small, red, four-sided needles and prisms. This may be observed in preparing the prussiates of lime or soda by the common process, but has been more frequently taken notice of in forming the cyanide of mercury; because the least colouring matter in this salt is at once perceptible, and because in the preparation of it, a partial loss is of greater consequence. To the presence of a portion of this red salt, particularly in extemporaneous prussiates, I attribute those differences in the colour of the precipitates which they give with the metallic oxides, and which have led some to doubt the accuracy of their indications. The grounds of this opinion will appear in the sequel of the present paper.