Commodity Production Research Articles

Systems of goods geographical indications: EU and Ukraine experience

Goods with geographical indication are an important component of the world economy, they have an impact on social and cultural development, help to preserve natural and cultural resources of the regions, therefore their investigation is relevant. The purpose of the study is to compare the systems of goods with geographical indications in the EU and Ukraine, to determine the dynamics of formation and advantages of this system functioning in Ukraine. An analysis of the literature on geographical indications in various fields is carried out; the regulatory framework that regulates geographical indications in specific countries and regions; the effectiveness of legal mechanisms for geographical indications protection, economic consequences of using geographical indication for regional markets is examined. It was proved that geographical indication introduction has advantages: it allows to determine the place of commodity production, to ensure its quality and uniqueness; contributes to the development and support of local economies, traditional industries; protects and supports traditional methods of production, recipes and other aspects of cultural heritage related to a certain region; provides consumers with an additional level of trust in the product. These aspects contribute to the development of international trade, create conditions for fair competition, promote innovation and protect the interests of producers and consumers. Studies show that producers with geographical indications can experience a positive impact on their markets due to the increased value of their goods. It is noted that geographical indication introduction can contribute to preserving and supporting traditional methods of production and cultural heritage. Analysis of registration practice and protection of geographical indications in different countries allows to identify shortcomings and opportunities for improving legislation and processes. Research indicates that consumers find the products with geographical indications more attractive and trust them because of associations with a specific region. Studying the international aspect of geographical indication allows you to understand how the use of this tool affects international trade and economic relations. The research results contribute to the development of recommendations for policies, improvement of the practice of geographical indications registration and protection, as well as to the expansion of understanding the importance of this tool for the development of various industries and regions

Smallholders in Capitalist Agriculture: Persistence and Challenges

Abstract This paper posits that the majority of “smallholders” in contemporary China are commodity producers who must engage in various commodity exchanges to carry out agricultural production and accomplish their social reproduction. Consequently, “smallholder” refers to a family-based economic operation model, rather than a social identity or psychological identification. Within this framework, the study focuses on the intricate relationships between smallholders, various commodity markets, and other market participants. Specifically, it examines two aspects: the relationship between smallholders and capitalized large-scale producers and other agriculture-related capital entities, and the relationship between smallholders and the commodified labor force. The paper argues that the interaction between smallholders and capitalized large-scale producers is not a zero-sum game of mutual replacement; except in certain areas, smallholders are not driven out of agricultural production by large-scale capitalized producers, but coexist and interact with them in various ways. On the other hand, smallholders heavily rely on short-term hired labor for their agricultural production, and many also become wage earners themselves, participating in the agricultural production of other producers and earning wage income. Compared to the expansion of capitalized large-scale production, the most significant challenge facing China’s smallholder economy, as this paper contends, is the intergenerational reproduction crisis brought about by the aging of the labor force and the urbanization of the younger generation.

The role of nature's contributions to people in sustaining international trade of agricultural products

Abstract Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are essential for the production and trade of agricultural, forestry and fishery commodities. Often, there is a spatial disconnect between consumers and the natural systems where the commodities are produced. Traded agricultural products are therefore dependent on nature and NCP in their region of origin. The dependencies of agricultural products on NCP are, however, insufficiently recognised by consumers and are rarely considered in global environmental governance and trade policies along value chains. Here, we synthesise studies highlighting dependencies of agricultural products on NCP in their origin locations to identify opportunities and challenges in quantifying their contribution in sustaining trade flows. We suggest three methodological steps for quantifying NCP dependencies in international agricultural trade: spatial mapping of NCP supply and demand, linking NCP to agricultural trade flows, and tracing trade flows. Each methodological step requires further development and harmonisation to enable a complete accounting of how international agricultural trade depends on NCP. Given the lack of knowledge and data on how NCP support agricultural trade, social and environmental trade‐offs of natural resource management are currently hard to quantify. Quantifying the role of NCP dependencies of traded agricultural products can support their sustainable management, contribute to supply chain accountability and serve as input to sustainable natural resource governance and foster responsibility and equity in supply chains. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Biotechnological Production of Butanol

The biotechnological production of butanol and other accompanying solvents has a history of more than a century and currently represents an alternative to produce desirable chemicals from various waste streams, in accordance with the concept of the circular economy. This review article summarizes the current state of potential industrial production, introduces the main solvent producers, solventogenic clostridia and their metabolism, together with the main aspects that influence physiological and production characteristics. The last part is devoted to substrates that can be used for biobutanol production, in particular lignocellulose, a ubiquitous waste plant matter, with great potential in connection with the large-scale biotechnological production of many commodities.

Trends in the development and implementation of competition policy

Aim. To study the trends in the formation and implementation of competition policy.Objectives. To analyze global trends in the process of formation of competitive policy; to identify the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors in the process of competitive policy development; to determine the general trends of the leading states of the world that contribute to the support of competitive relations.Methods. The research utilized general scientific methods (comparative, complex, systemic, structural analysis), the method of cause-and-effect relationship, logical method.Results. Competitive policy in modern conditions has acquired a dualistic character. It combines in a contradictory unity the regulation of firms and households in the domestic and foreign markets, different measures of influence on the subjects of partner and adversary countries, control and influence on the markets of monopolized and competitive industries. The function of competitiveness development includes protection from monopolism and from the rivalry of foreign commodity producers. The boundaries of fair and unfair competition are gradually blurring. Changes in the rules of economic activity legitimize the behavior of economic entities, which previously was defined as unfair and was subject to sanctions provided for by the legislation. A trend common to many countries is the application of standards and norms established at the global level by their authorities regulating competition relations to the market activities of all economic entities in the country. Attempts to adapt the best world experience in supporting competitive relations to the national and historical peculiarities of each country have become widespread.Conclusions. The analyzed trends in the development of competition policy under the influence of the ratio of exogenous and endogenous factors in each country are manifested in two main variants. One of them is the policy of openness, inclusion of the national economy in the global economic system. Another option is the policy of isolation and restraint of competition from foreign market participants. A smaller part of the states prefer to choose one of these options, the majority tries to move along a compromise path, which can bring them success with the right allocation of priorities.

Processed Seafood Determination for Fishermen Prosperity Using Macro Ergonomic and Analytical Hierarchy Process

The high rate of stunting in children in East Java Province is a problem that has become a major focus in the national scope. Based on these problems, the researcher intends to increase the intake of animal protein from fish for fishermen’s families, by prioritizing fish processing in coastal areas of East Java and providing education and knowledge for fishermen in fish processing methods in coastal areas of East Java Province. An analysis was carried out using the macro ergonomic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the priority of processed food from fish ingredients to reduce stunting rates. The criteria in this analysis are Community Preferences, Community Knowledge, Ergonomic process, Commodity Production, and Fish Processing Tools. The results of the analysis found that priority choices in percentage include Fish Nuggets, Fish Sticks, Fish Meatballs, and Fish Crackers. The final result of this study was the priority of processed fish food ingredients to reduce stunting rates in children in coastal areas of East Java Province. With these results, it can help SMEs and coastal communities to process fish food ingredients with the aim of developing communities and coastal areas and increasing fishermen’s family interest in consuming processed fish ingredients to reduce stunting.

Foliar application of SiO2 nanoparticles to increase shallot production under water stress as an effort to mitigate climate change

Global climate change has resulted in environmental stress which has the potential to reduce the production of various agricultural commodities. One of the reasons for the low production of shallot is because cultivated in land with limited water. An effort to minimize the impact of water stress on shallots is to use SiO2 nanoparticles. This study aims to determine the role of SiO2 nanoparticles to increase production of shallot under water stress. This research was conducted at the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture from December 2022 to March 2023, using randomized block design. The first factor is water stress (80%, 60% and 40% field capacity) and the second factor is the concentration SiO2 nanoparticles (0 g/l, 6 g/l, 12 g/l and 18 g/l). The results showed the water stress treatment had significant effect reduced number of tubers and fresh and dry weight of tubers, the application of SiO2 nanoparticles had significant effect increased the number of tubers and fresh and dry weight of tubers. Interaction of application SiO2 nanoparticles and water stress conditions had a significant effect on increased the number of tubers in the combination of 80% field capacity with SiO2 nanoparticles concentration 12 g/l.

Penerapan Graphic Standard Manual pada Visual Identity Produk Komoditi Batik Berpotensi Ekspor

Mahkota Laweyan is a Small and Medium Industry in the field of environmentally friendly batik and produces "Toeli" brand batik made by deaf people. Recruitment of deaf people is intended to provide equal opportunities and rights for disabled people to get decent work. Mahkota Laweyan employs 17 employees and now has 17 types of patented batik products. These batik commodity products have met Indonesian National Standards (SNI) and have export potential. This product also has the right to use the collective brand held by the Laweyan Batik Kampoeng Development Forum (FPKBL). However, each batik product that has a patent requires a visual identity. For export purposes, a strong visual identity is needed because it is very important for products that have a good reputation. So far, visual identity design still does not use the GSM correctly so that it often experiences problems in visual identity consistency. The main problem faced by Mahkota Laweyan is a lack of understanding about GSM which is a basic requirement for marketing activities. Batik commodity products with export potential that have been produced and meet SNI do not yet have the visual identity they should have. Thus, the aim of implementing this activity is to help in solving problems in the application of GSM to visual identity. This assistance in the context of implementing community service is aimed at assisting SME Mahkota Laweyan with aspects of visual communication needs for marketing and branding purposes. The mentoring methods used in this service activity are lectures, demonstrations, and training methods for developing visual identity by applying GSM appropriately on batik products with export potential. The result of this activity was the creation of GSM and its application to various visual communication media accompanied by educational institutions from Malang State University.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Batang Pisang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum annuum L.)

Curly red chili plant (Capsicum Annuum L.) is one of the seasonal fruit vegetable plants that has woody stems, has a distinctive taste and aroma as a food flavoring so that it is much loved by the public. Efforts made by farmers to in.crease their agricultural production by applying liquid organic fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is a type of fertilizer that can be used to increase the productivity of agricultural commodities. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth respons of curly red chilies to the administration of LOF banana stems and also to determine the best dose LOF banana stems to the growth curly red chilies (Capsicum annum L.). The research method used was a randomized block design (RBD) with one factor, namely the dose of LOF banana stems (P), which consisted of 6 treatments and 3 replications. In each group, there were 12 plants, and 6 plants which were sampled for observation. The 6 treatments were as follows, (1) without treatment/control, (2) 100 ml LOF banana stems/900 ml water, (3) 200 ml LOF banana stems/800 ml water, (4) 300 ml POC banana stems/700 ml, (5) 400 ml LOF banana stems/600 ml water, and (6) 500 m500 ml LOF of banana stems.The result showed that the application of LOF banana stems to the growth of curly red chili plants did no significantly affect plant height, number benanaof leaves and number of flowers. However, the provision of LOF banana stems had asignificant effect on fresh fruit weight of the first harvest and fresh fruitweight of the second harvest. In this study the best dose was found in the P5 treatment with a dose of 500 ml banana stem LOF. This is presumbaly because the LOF banana stems contains the nutriensts needed by plants.

Analisis Sikap Petani Padi Terhadap Atribut Pupuk Subsidi Di Kabupaten Jember

<em>Development in the agricultural sector in the context of supporting national food security is the main concern of the government. In this case the government has issued a policy to strengthen food security and anticipate extreme climate conditions that could disrupt national food production, namely by providing direct assistance policies in the form of distribution of subsidized fertilizers through farmer groups. The agricultural policy is contained in regulations and the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No. 106/Kpts/SR.130/2/2004 regarding subsidized fertilizer policies. The policy states that the reason for providing subsidized fertilizers is in the context of realizing a national food security program through increasing production of agricultural commodities. Farmers immediately respond either in purchasing or using subsidized fertilizers directly or indirectly. Based on this, this study aims to analyze what factors influence rice farmers' decisions to buy subsidized fertilizers in Jember Regency. Location determination using purposive sampling method, and the data used is primary data with interview techniques using a questionnaire. The analytical method used is by using Logistic Regression Analysis. The sampling method used is multistage sampling with certain considerations, namely incidental sampling. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variables had an influence on the dependent variable (the decision to buy subsidized fertilizer) in this study, namely income (X<sub>3</sub>), price of subsidized urea fertilizer (X<sub>6</sub>), and place of purchase (D<sub>9</sub>). While the variables Age (X<sub>1</sub>), Education (X2), Number of Family Members (X4), Land Area (X<sub>5</sub>), Price of Non-Subsidized Urea Fertilizer (X<sub>7</sub>), Access to Information (D<sub>8</sub>), Fertilizer Availability (D<sub>10</sub>) have no effect on the variable dependent (decision to buy subsidized fertilizer). The results of the analysis also show that the Nagelkerke R Square value is 0.533 or it can mean that the variability of the dependent variable can be explained by the variability of the independent variables of 53.3% and the remaining 46.7% is explained by the diversity of other variables outside the model. The conclusions of the research results are: 1) Factors that partially have a significant influence on farmers' decisions in buying subsidized fertilizer in Jember Regency based on the Wald test with a confidence level of 90% are income, price of subsidized urea fertilizer and place of purchase. Meanwhile, the factors that partially have an insignificant effect based on the Wald test are age, education, number of family members, land area, price of non-subsidized urea fertilizer, access to information and availability of fertilizer.</em><br /><strong><em>Keyword</em></strong><em>s: Attitude, Rice Farmer, Logistic Regression Analysis</em>

Continuous Flow Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Cetylpyridinium Chloride

AbstractCetylpyridinium chloride is popularly employed as an antimicrobial agent in high-volume commodity and consumer products. Given its high tonnage requirements annually, challenges in its synthesis using conventional batch manufacturing involving higher reaction temperatures at scale, lower yields and purity, and excessively long reaction times could be circumvented by adopting continuous flow as a safe and sustainable approach. We herein report a facile, gram-scale continuous flow protocol for the synthesis of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) that reduces reaction time from ≥24 hours to 30 minutes with an isolated product yield of >90% and an HPLC purity of >99%.

Innovation for zero-deforestation sustainable supply chain management services: a performance measurement and management approach

PurposeFood sector supply chains have significant negative environmental impacts, including the expansion of global food commodity production, which is driving tropical deforestation – a major climate and biodiversity problem. Innovative supply chain monitoring services promise to address such impacts. Legislation also designates “forest-risk commodities”, demanding supply chain due diligence of their provenance. But such data alone does not produce change. This study investigates how theory in performance measurement and management (PMM) can combine with sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and decision theory (DT) via case study research that addresses paradoxes of simplicity and complexity.Design/methodology/approachGiven existing relevant theory but the nascent nature of the topic, theory elaboration via abductive case study research is conducted. Data collection involves interviews and participatory design workshops with supply chain actors across two supply chains (coffee and soy), exploring the potential opportunities and challenges of new deforestation monitoring services for food supply chains.FindingsTwo archetypal food supply chain structures (short food supply chains with high transparency and direct links between farmer and consumer and complex food supply chains with highly disaggregated and opaque links) provide a dichotomy akin to the known/unknown, structured/unstructured contexts in DT, enabling novel theoretical elaboration of the performance alignment matrix model in PMM, resulting in implications for practice and a future research agenda.Originality/valueThe novel conceptual synthesis of PMM, SSCM and DT highlights the importance of context specificity in developing PMM tools for SSCM and the challenge of achieving the general solutions needed to ensure that PMM, paradoxically, is both flexible to client needs and capable of replicable application to deliver economies of scale. To advance understanding of these paradoxes to develop network-level PMM systems to address deforestation impacts of food supply chains and respond to legislation, a future research agenda is presented.

Organization of a supply chain as a way to improve the quality of technical maintenance and repair of equipment in the agro-industrial complex

In modern conditions of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural sectors, an important place is occupied by effective management of the process of maintenance and repair of machinery. The effectiveness of actions in this area is determined by the change in the nature of the processes taking place in agricultural commodity production, in connection with the redistribution of the material and technical base, the organization of work and the reorganization of the management structure. In this paper, the ways of improving the quality management process of maintenance and repair of equipment in the agro-industrial complex by organizing a supply chain are considered.

A Traditional and Non-traditional Export Performance Assessment: An empirical examination of factors enhancing the competitiveness of Zambia's Exports

This study examined the performance of traditional and non-traditional exports and further analyzed the factors that determine their performance in Zambia using a time series analysis (1960 and 2021). With the aid of the Vector error correction model, the study found that increases in the Real GDP, and Foreign Direct Investment of Zambia positively and significantly affected the volume of exports. In the analysis of aggregate exports, the non-significance of the relative price elasticity (Foreign Exchange rate) suggests that trade policies that concentrate overly on expenditure switching such as tariff and non-tariff restrictions or devaluations do not effectively assist trade policy reform efforts. The study thus recommends the need to promote inclusiveness, diversification and growth in investment towards the production of export commodities, particularly through the Multi-Facility Economic Zones by providing incentives to expand export diversification and growth at the local level through revising the Fiscal and non-Fiscal incentive thresholds in MFEZs to reflect the financing capacity of local investors.

Cultivation of recombinant Aspergillus niger strains on dairy whey as a carbohydrate source.

Agricultural waste valorisation provides a sustainable solution to waste management, and combining waste utilisation with commodity production allows for responsible production processes. Recombinant Aspergillus niger D15 strains expressing fungal endoglucanases (Trichoderma reesei eg1 and eg2 and Aspergillus carneus aceg) were evaluated for their ability to utilise lactose as a carbon source to determine whether dairy waste could be used as a feedstock for enzyme production. The recombinant A. niger D15[eg1]PyrG, D15[eg2]PyrG, and D15[aceg]PyrG strains produced maximum endoglucanase activities of 34, 54, and 34 U/mL, respectively, on lactose and 23, 27, and 22 U/mL, respectively, on whey. The A. niger D15[eg2]PyrG strain was used to optimise the whey medium. Maximum endoglucanase activity of 46 U/mL was produced on 10% whey medium containing 0.6% NaNO3. The results obtained indicate that dairy whey can be utilised as a feedstock for recombinant enzyme production. However, variations in enzyme activities were observed and require further investigation.

Valuing conservation and socio-environmental services on an Amazon frontier: the Extractive Reserves of the Terra do Meio

In the Brazilian Amazon, forest conservation has relied on the presence of 'traditional communities' and Indigenous peoples to secure legally demarcated protected areas from deforestation and biodiversity degradation. Facing pressures for land-use change from a rapidly encroaching frontier of resource extraction and commodity production, there is no guarantee that Indigenous peoples or traditional communities will continue to occupy these forests or continue to fulfill the role of forest protectors except under certain conditions. In this article, we detail the case of the extractive reserves of the Terra do Meio and consider what conditions would be needed for traditional communities to continue to occupy and protect protected areas. Employing an agrarian political ecology approach, we draw on years of ethnographic research in this area to argue that forest peasant livelihoods, which revolve around the forest areas of use, produce both ecological and cultural diversity in the forest. We term this socio-ecological arrangement the productive system of the colocação, the system and geographies of forest peasant livelihoods that upholds and is upheld by diverse socio-ecological relationships. Contemporary forest conservation regimes, however, have largely failed to incentivize and value these forest peasant livelihoods in ways that would sustain them in the face of commoditizing frontier pressures. Any mechanisms that pay for forest conservation should remunerate communities for their entire socio-ecological relationships, those relationships that are upheld through forest peasant livelihoods, not simply their products. We propose an approach to valuing forest communities' socio-environmental services, and we argue that such valuation would be more effective for conservation and cultural/ecological diversity than existing proposals for payments for ecosystem services (PES).

Accountability at a local community placed in a global context: the case of the Jasmine Village

PurposeThe study examines how calculative practices and accountability appear in a rural community of marginalised people in Egypt who depend on jasmine plantations that contribute to the production of global essences.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from various sources, namely conversations with villagers, documents and relevant videos and news available on social media and the Internet. This study draws on the concepts of social accountability, the politics of blame avoidance and using calculative practices as a language to explain accountability in context.FindingsThe author found a lack of accountability on the part of the government and business owners, with serious implications for the livelihoods of people in a community that has been wholly dependent on jasmine plantations for a century. Power holders have deployed a blame-shifting game to avoid social responsibility. In response, calculative practices rather than advanced accounting tools are used by the poor in the community to induce power holders to be accountable.Social implicationsThe findings of this study show that authorities need to take proactive steps to address the disadvantaged position of powerless people in the lower echelons of society, recognising their accountability for those people.Originality/valueThis paper enhances the understanding of the status of calculative practices and accountability in a community of marginalised people who contribute to the production of global commodities. The paper also enhances the understanding of what goes on behind the scenes with popular and prestigious commodities, whose development is initiated in poor countries, with the end product marketed in rich Western countries.

Scaling-up sustainable commodity governance through jurisdictional initiatives: Political pathways to sector transformation in the Indonesian palm oil sector?

Voluntary systems of sustainable commodity governance have come under intensified criticism for failing to catalyse transformative change beyond directly regulated supply chains. In response, there has been a surge of efforts to ‘scale-up’ sustainability impacts through governance interventions at landscape and jurisdictional scales. While these ambitious, scaled-up approaches are attracting significant interest, such approaches demand substantial changes to established repertoires of policy interventions and associated understandings of the pathways through which these contribute to sustainability outcomes. Drawing theoretical insights from scholarship on multi-stakeholder sustainability governance together with findings from a qualitative study of jurisdictional governance experiments in the Indonesian palm oil sector, this paper explores how emerging jurisdictional initiatives are promoting change pathways towards more sustainable commodity production, and how the political, environmental governance and economic contexts in which these interventions are implemented influence these pathways. Analysis shows that by integrating a distinctive mix of market and policy-driven interventions, jurisdictional approaches are contributing to three core pathways of change, centred respectively on network and coalition-building, collaborative governance, and resource mobilisation. However, which of these pathways are most influential, how interventions are sequenced and operationalised, and how the pathways interact in shaping change is highly sensitive to varied subnational implementation contexts, with important implications for the impact and resilience of jurisdictional programs. These findings highlight the need for jurisdictional policy interventions to respond flexibly to contextually-variable configurations of actor interests, coalitions and power relations within contested multi-scalar processes of sustainable commodity governance.

Dynamic asymmetric spillovers and connectedness between Chinese sectoral commodities and industry stock markets.

This study investigates the dynamic and asymmetric propagation of return spillovers between sectoral commodities and industry stock markets in China. Using a daily dataset from February 2007 to July 2022, we employ a time-varying vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model to examine the asymmetric return spillovers and dynamic connectedness across sectors. The results reveal significant time-varying spillovers among these sectors, with the industry stocks acting as the primary transmitter of information to the commodity market. Materials, energy, and industrials stock sectors contribute significantly to these spillovers due to their close ties to commodity production and processing. The study also identifies significant asymmetric spillovers with bad returns dominating, influenced by major economic and political events such as the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2015 Chinese stock market crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Furthermore, our study highlights the unique dynamics within the Chinese market, where net information spillovers from the stock market to commodities drive the financialization process, which differs from the bidirectional commodity financialization observed in other markets. Finally, portfolio analysis reveals that the minimum connectedness portfolio outperforms other approaches and effectively reflects asymmetries. Understanding these dynamics and sectoral heterogeneities has important implications for risk management, policy development, and trading practices.

Influence of pre-soaking of tomato seeds in solutions of salts of micro elements on commodity products

Influence of pre-soaking of tomato seeds in solutions of salts of micro elements on commodity products