Commodities In Indonesia Research Articles

Technical efficiency of sugarcane farming in East Java, Indonesia: A bootstrap data envelopment analysis

Abstract Sugarcane is an essential commodity in Indonesia. However, climate change negatively affects the sugarcane production efficiency. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency of sugarcane farming using a bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, compare the efficiency of irrigated and rain-fed sugarcane farming, and determine the factors affecting the technical efficiency of sugarcane farming in East Java, Indonesia. Primary data were collected from 451 sugarcane farmers during the 2020–2021 planting season. The results indicate that the “bias-corrected” technical efficiency scores of the single- and double-bootstrap approach (0.624 and 0.561) were lower than that of conventional DEA (0.714). The efficiency score of irrigated sugarcane farms (0.593) was higher than that of rain-fed farms (0.529). Moreover, the farmers’ age, household size, dependency, farming experience, training, subsidies, crop diversification, and access to irrigation impacted sugarcane farming’s technical efficiency. Improvement of 1% in training, irrigation access, and subsidies increased the technical efficiency by 0.034, 0.032, and 0.030, respectively. This strategy is expected to enhance the productivity and technical efficiency and reduce the poverty in rural households in East Java.

Lomba Kreativitas Olahan Makanan Berbahan Dasar Porang bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK di Desa Karangpatihan, Kabupaten Ponorogo

Abstract The creativity of the community in processing various types of porang-based foods is needed. Porang is a local Indonesian commodity that has enormous potential to be exported and sold in the international market. Porang tubers are the raw material for making shirataki rice which has a very high selling price. To achieve this goal, training in making processed food from porang is required. This community service programme focuses on training assistance in porang-based food processing. To see how much the community understands after receiving training, on the third day a porang-based food cooking competition was held to motivate residents to make new innovations related to porang food recipes that they develop. The target location for this community service programme is in Karangpatihan Village, Pulung District, Ponorogo Regency by targeting PKK mothers in four hamlets including Jurugan, Selodono, Krajan, and Dungus. This community service activity was closed with a focus group discussion (FGD) to listen to the aspirations of PKK women and see the future of porang in the region. As is the case in several other areas, the constraints of the community in processing porang are related to the processing of porang which is still quite complicated. In addition, the itchiness caused by holding porang in the hand.

Variability of Agronomic Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines in Two Agroecosystems in Indonesia

Wheat is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, yet the country remains heavily reliant on imports to meet domestic demand. The diverse agroclimatic conditions in the highlands and lowlands pose significant challenges for national wheat production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of wheat lines in two distinct altitude environments: Cipanas (1120 m above sea level) and Cisarua (600 m above sea level). An augmented randomized complete block design (RCBD) assessed 50 F6 wheat lines derived from the HP1744/”Selayar” cross. The results revealed significant variability in agronomic traits attributable to altitude differences. However, genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions were found to be non-significant for all evaluated characters. Broad-sense heritability was classified as medium for the grain-filling period in Cipanas and seed weight of the main panicle in Cisarua, while all other traits exhibited low heritability. Based on the stress sensitivity index (SSI), 14 lines (28%) were identified as tolerant to higher temperatures in the medium-altitude environment, particularly in terms of seed weight of the main panicle. These findings are of utmost importance as they underscore the need to consider genetic and environmental factors in developing wheat cultivars suitable for Indonesia’s diverse agro-climatic conditions.

ANALISIS RANTAI PASOK DAN RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KETERTELUSURAN KOPI ROBUSTA BERBASIS ANDROID

Robusta coffee is the most widely cultivated coffee commodity in Indonesia. In the East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, the problem at the supplier level is limited market information, which makes the coffee beans' quality inconsistent, impacting the price and product quality image. This research aims to identify supply chain structure models and members, added value, and design a traceability system to support product quality validation. Robusta coffee supply chain participants and their interactions were identified at the Modayag coffee plantation in East Bolaang Mongondow. The data were collected through observations, interviews, and field studies. Supply chain analysis was performed using the Vorst method and the added value was calculated using the Hayami method. The traceability system design follows the system development lifecycle method. The findings indicate that the Robusta coffee supply chain in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency includes farmers, collector traders, processing plants, the retail industry, coffee roasteries, and consumers. Farmers profit from selling perfectly ripe wet coffee beans 42-43%, wet mixed coffee beans (8%), and dry mixed coffee beans 63-71%. A traceability system named Kinton was successfully developed and integrated with the Firebase database to store all information.

Depreciation and Trade Balance: An Exploration of the J-Curve Phenomenon in Indonesia

Research Originality: Global economic uncertainty has increased in recent years, leading to an appreciation of the US dollar relative to most global currencies, including the Indonesian rupiah. The novelty of this study is the inclusion of natural resource commodity price index variables, given the importance of these commodities in Indonesia's balance of trade.Research Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of rupiah exchange rate depreciation on Indonesia's trade balance.Research Methods: This study uses a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to analyze Indonesia's balance of trade from January 2015 to December 2023, examining the potential J-Curve phenomenon resulting from the depreciation of the Indonesian rupiah.Empirical Result: Findings from the impulse response analysis suggest that the J-Curve phenomenon is present in Indonesia's balance of trade as a result of the rupiah's depreciation. The results of this study also confirm the positive effect of increasing natural resource commodity prices on Indonesia's trade balance.Implications: The implication of these findings is that exchange rate depreciation can improve Indonesia's trade balance only when natural resource commodity prices are rising. Conversely, if commodity prices decline, maintaining the stability of the rupiah exchange rate becomes crucial.JEL Classification: F11, F14, F31, Q02

The Influence of Various Biostimulant Formulas Supplemented with Microbes and Their Application Frequency on Corn Productivity in Tidal Swamplands

Corn is the second most important food commodity in Indonesia. However, its production is lower than the demand. This problem can be overcome using suboptimal land, such as tidal swampland, with its naturally low productivity. The soil quality in such areas can be improved by applying biostimulant. Therefore, this study aims to examine various biostimulant formulas supplemented with microbes and their application frequency on corn productivity in tidal swamplands. It was conducted on a pot experiment using a completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were six formulas of biostimulant, each with three application frequencies. The biostimulant materials included rice husk ash, golden apple snail extract, and microbes serving as P-solubilizers, N2-fixers, and IAA phytohormone. The results revealed that biostimulant formulas can increase the production of corn. The B3 formula, followed by the B4 and B5 formula, led to superior grain yields compared to the other treatments. In comparison, the most effective application frequency was observed with four times application (D2) followed by five times application (D3) as the next best option. These biostimulant formulas need to be tested in the field to know their effectiveness in tidal swamplands. Keywords: corn productivity, biostimulant formulas, tidal swamplands, microbial supplements

Innovative Utilization of Blood Cockle Shell Waste (Anadara granosa) as a Growth Medium for Nitzschia sp.

Shellfish are a fishery commodity in Indonesia with increasing production annually, including a projected 137 thousand tons in 2024. Among the various types of shellfish, blood cockle is one of the most popular among citizens. Only 11-16% of their body is consumable, while the majority of it consists of shells that end up as waste. This waste is generally processed into crafts or animal feed. Blood cockle shell waste contains nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which are necessary for higher and lower plants. This study was conducted to explore the potential of blood cockle shell waste as a growth medium for the microalgae Nitzschia sp. Reduction of the N and P ratio in this study was carried out to increase cell density by limiting nutrients of Nitzschia sp. There were five treatments with four replications in this study: P1 as a positive control (f/2 medium; N/P 8:1), P2 (cockle shell fertilizer medium/CSF; N/P 1,3:1), P3 (CSF+NaNO3; N/P 0,1:1), P4 (CSF+NaNO3; N/P 0,121:1), and P5 (CSF+NaNO3; N/P ratio 0,144:1). The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the population of Nitzschia sp. in P3 with the highest density of 862.500 cells/ml and average daily growth of 275.000 cells/day. Based on this, the lowest N/P ratio limitation showed the best growth in Nitzschia sp. The low ratio indicates the prevention of toxicity in the culture medium. N limitation in this study also showed optimization of N utilization in the metabolic process of Nitzschia sp. N limitation is a strategy to increase the accumulation of nutrients in some microalgae, including Nitzschia sp., as observed in this study.

Identifikasi Kematangan Buah Pisang Berdasarkan Variasi Jarak Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor

This research aims to identify the level of ripeness of kepok bananas based on the color of their skin using the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method. Bananas are an important commodity in Indonesia, and various ripeness levels need to be identified. The current process of identifying banana ripeness is still done manually, which requires a lot of labor and tends to be subjective. The K-NN method is used to classify bananas based on their skin color. This research involves the collection of banana images with three ripeness levels (raw, ripe, and overripe) and the extraction of RGB color features from these images. Three distance methods, namely Euclidean, Minkowski, and Manhattan, are also employed to compare accuracy results. The evaluation results of this research show that the accuracy value for the Euclidean distance method is 84%, the Minkowski distance method is 82%, and the Manhattan distance method is 80%. Thus, the findings indicate that the K-NN method and the Euclidean distance method provide good results in identifying the ripeness level of bananas. By implementing the K-NN algorithm, this research attempts to address the weaknesses of the time-consuming and subjective manual identification process, with the hope of providing a more accurate and efficient solution for the banana industry. The results of this research can be used to automate the identification process of banana ripeness levels and improve efficiency in banana sorting. It is expected that this research can provide practical benefits to the community and serve as a basis for further research in this field.

Growth and nitrogen uptake modeling in composite and hybrid corn varieties

Corn is a strategic commodity in Indonesia's agricultural and economic development. The problem of corn production can be overcome with proper usage of nitrogen fertilization. Dynamic modeling can be used as a tool to solve this problem. This study aimed to develop a dynamic model for the growth and nitrogen uptake of composite and hybrid corn varieties. Stages in the model construction: (1) identifying system components, (2) model construction, (3) simulation, and (4) validation. The growth model is a construction of the plant's ecophysiological response to solar radiation and temperature in photosynthesis. A growth model in composite and hybrid corn varieties with simulated dry weight as output has been constructed validly. The model input components, such as light use efficiency, extinction coefficient, specific leaf area, and carbohydrate partition coefficient varied at each development phase for each variance. The actual total dry weight on the Pioneer 27 variety was 6,406 kg ha-1 with a simulated total dry weight was 6,228 kg ha-1, and the actual total dry weight on the Bisma variety was 5,127 kg ha-1 with a simulated total dry weight was 4,864 kg ha-1. The level of validity of the Pioneer 27 variety growth model reached 83.5% and the Bisma variety reached 80%. Keywords: Bisma; dry weight; growth model; nitrogen uptake; Pioneer 27; simulation; validation

Pengukuran Kinerja Industri Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Balanced Scorecard dan Proses Hirarki Analitis

<p><strong>Palm oil plantations are one of the agricultural commodities in Indonesia that play a crucial role in food availability and the economy. This research employs the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) model as an integrated performance measurement system. The BSC measures company performance from both financial and non-financial perspectives. The study aims to measure the performance of the palm oil industry at PT. KMP Masamba, and covers four perspectives</strong><strong> </strong><strong>namely</strong><strong> financial, customer, internal business, and learning and growth. The weighting of performance measurement elements is done using the analytical hierarchy process with the assistance of Expert Choice software. The results are expected to assist PT. KMP Masamba in determining necessary improvement priorities. The performance measurements from each perspective, ranked from highest to lowest, are as follows: customer perspective (0.148), internal business perspective (0.048), learning and growth perspective (0.047), and financial perspective (0.030). The overall company performance score is 0.543, indicating satisfactory performance and approaching high targets. Based on these conclusions, recommendations for this research include periodic performance measurement by the company to assess its comprehensive condition and improve functional activities with low performance, to improve their performance indicators.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> - <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process, Balance Scorecard,</em> <em>The Performance Measurements. </em><em></em></p>

IMPACT OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT ON INDONESIAN COMMODITY STOCKS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has significantly impacted Indonesian commodity stocks, as revealed by a comprehensive literature review. The conflict has introduced volatility in global markets, directly affecting Indonesian stock commodity-based prices, exchange rates, and investor sentiment. While initial commodity price rises benefited Indonesian stocks, persistent volatility and market interconnectedness pose challenges. This paper employs a systematic literature review methodology, collecting, synthesizing, and analyzing numerous papers published in the last decade on a variety of topics closely related to volatility transmission issues. Based on our review of twenty-seven articles, the result of this paper's analysis underscores the importance of diversifying investments and enhancing resilience against global disruptions. The GARCH models and the Geopolitical Risk Index further emphasize Indonesian commodity stocks' susceptibility to global price fluctuations and geopolitical risks. The research concludes that the Russia-Ukraine conflict has far-reaching consequences for Indonesian stock commodity-based markets, underscoring the need for risk mitigation strategies and enhanced resilience against future geopolitical shocks.

Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Terhadap Ekspor Komoditas Unggulan Indonesia

his study aims to determine the effect of exchange rates on Indonesian commodity exports. Where the exchange rate is a comparison of the value or price of the Rupiah against other currencies. The dependent variable is the export of Indonesia's leading commodities, including Crude Palm Oil (Y1), Rubber (Y2) and textile (Y3) with the independent variable, namely the rupiah exchange rate (X). The data used in this study are time series data from 2012-2017. The method used is simple linear regression analysis, and is processed using the SPSS 16.0 program. The results of this study indicate that the rupiah exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on rubber export commodities and does not have a positive effect on palm oil (CPO) and textile commodities.

Study of Nitrogen and Phosporus Doses on The Growth and Yield of Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Mekongga Variety Used

The rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food commodity in Indonesia, but its production has not shown a significant increase. To increase rice productivity, especially in rainfed areas, it is necessary to optimize the use of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Facing the challenges of low fertility and limited water availability, endophytic bacterial consortia can help increase nutrient availability and plant growth. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus doses and their interactions on the growth and yield of the Mekongga rice variety in rainfed land where a consortium of endophytic bacteria was applied. The treatments carried out were designed as a factorial experiment in a Randomized Completely Block Design, namely the Nitrogen factor consisting of four dose levels: 0, 92, 184, 276 kg/ha and the Phosphorus factor consisting of four dose levels: 0, 72, 144, 216 kg/ha with three repetitions. The results showed that differences in nitrogen doses had a significant effect on the number of grains per panicle of rice plants, but did not have a significant effect on other growth and yield parameters of rice plants. Varying phosphorus doses and combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus doses did not have a significant effect on all growth and yield parameters of the Mekongga rice variety.

Quality and resistance optimization of banana (Musa acuminata L.) vegetative seeds through the addition of indole butyric acid with biological agents induction against fusarium wilt disease intensity

Banana plants are a vital agricultural commodity in Indonesia, but Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum) significantly hampers production. This research aims to improve the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings by selecting superior seedlings and vegetative propagation techniques such as budding, shoot cutting, and tissue culture management. The research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial with a combination of two factors, namely the addition of IBA and biological agents, with nine treatment combinations and three replications. IBA treatment significantly affected the initial emergence of shoots and leaf area, with the best result from treatment Z2 (IBA concentration of 1.5 g/l). The biological agent factor treatment significantly affected plant height, lower stem diameter, number of leaves, and hypothetical vigor index, with the best value shown by treatment B1. The use of IBA and biological agents can optimize the quality and resilience of vegetative banana seedlings, aiding farmers in enhancing the productivity and quality of agricultural products sustainably.

DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI PATOGEN CENDAWAN PADA UMBI KENTANG DI SULAWESI SELATAN

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia and the world, but its production has decreased due to attacks by Plant Pest Organisms including fungal pathogens. This study aims to detect and identify fungal pathogens found in potato tubers in potato-producing centers in South Sulawesi. Isolation of the fungus was carried out by the Blotter test method, namely incubating potato tubers on moist filter paper, then the fungal pathogens that appeared were identified. The results showed that the detection and identification of fungal pathogens found in potato tubers in South Sulawesi included the fungal Fusarium sp., Alternaria solani and Aspergillus sp. The percentage of fungal pathogens on potato tubers was dominated by the attack of the fungus Fusarium sp. with an average percentage of 57.5% (medium) in the Enrekang Potato sample, Gowa 62.5% (medium), 52.5% (medium) in the Bantaeng potato tuber sample. Then it was dominated by the fungus Aspergillus sp, on potato tubers Enrekang 47.5% (medium), Gowa 45% (medium) and Bantaeng 42.5% (medium) and the lowest attack rate was the attack of the fungus Alternaria solani (22.5 %) of potato samples from Bantaeng.

Analysis of Indonesian coal export policy

Indonesia's coal exports play an important role in driving the country's economy and are one of its main export commodities. As one of the world's largest coal producers, Indonesia consistently contributes significantly to the global market. This research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the export policy of coal commodities in Indonesia. The research method is qualitative, using a descriptive analysis approach. The study examines policies related to coal exports, including government regulations, trade rules, environmental regulations, and other policies that influence the Indonesian coal export process or policy changes that affect Indonesian coal exports. At the same time, it analyses the effects and implications of these policies on the export of coal commodities in Indonesia. The research uses the theory of trade liberalism as a framework to address the research objectives. The findings indicate that Indonesia's coal export policy significantly impacts the coal industry, the national economy and international market dynamics. Although mercantilism may persist for a certain period, the dominance of liberalism, which adheres to the principles of market mechanism, has successfully surpassed the influence of mercantilism. Thus, this research contributes to a better understanding of the role of coal in Indonesia's export context and provides a basis for future policy improvements.

Identification of Pathogens Causing Important Diseases in Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) and In Vitro Inhibition using Bacillus velezensis B-27

Leatherleaf fern (<em>Rumohra adiantiformis</em>) is a famous ornamental-leaf plant that has been used by florist entrepreneurs around the world. It is one of the leading export commodities in Indonesia, however, currently, there are some diseases of this leaf reported in the field causing yield loss and reducing the economic value. This study aimed to identify the pathogens causing the recent 3 significant diseases of leatherleaf fern, including leaf blight, leaf tip rot, and post-harvest leaf rot, and <em>in vitro</em> analysis of beneficial bacteria, <em>Bacillus velezensis </em>B-27, against the pathogens<em>. </em>The methods used in this study were isolation, pathogenicity test, morphological observation, molecular identification of pathogens, and poisoned food technique of <em>B. velezensis </em>against those pathogens compared to fungicides and bactericides. The results of molecular identification showed that <em>Neopestalotiopsis </em>sp. and <em>Pantoea ananatis </em>caused leaf blight, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>sesami</em> triggered leaf tip rot, while <em>Calonectria </em>sp. and <em>P. ananatis </em>contributed to post-harvest leaf rot. Based on <em>in vitro</em> analysis, <em>B. velezensis</em> B-27 reduced the growth of the <em>Neopestalotiopsis</em> sp. DM C with the highest inhibition of 95.6%, <em>Neopestalotiopsis </em>sp. DM B with 84.3%, <em>F. oxysporum </em>f. sp. <em>sesami</em> with 61.9%, <em>Calonectria</em> sp. with 93.4%, and inhibited the growth of <em>P. ananatis </em>by producing a clear zone. This research concludes that <em>B. velezensis </em>B-27 has the potential as a biocontrol against pathogens causing significant diseases in leatherleaf ferns due to its ability to inhibit pathogens and its advantage as a beneficial microbe that is environmentally friendly to support sustainable agriculture.

Manufacture and performance test of suspended batch centrifuge for extraction of glucomannan from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

Abstract Porang is a potential local agricultural commodity in Indonesia for future food. This commodity contains ingredients beneficial for health, namely glucomannan, but also contains calcium oxalate, which is dangerous for the skin and kidneys. For this reason, it needs treatment to remove the oxalate content and other impurities in it. This research aims to manufacture and carry out performance tests on centrifuge equipment to remove oxalate and other impurities from porang flour. In the tubers porang glucomannan extracting process, the centrifuges machine separates the solvent (ethanol) and other impurities, such as the oxalate and starch, centrifugation principle. The type of centrifuge manufactured is the suspended batch centrifuge type, where the solids will remain in the walls of the centrifuge while the liquid solvent and other fine particles are thrown out of the centrifuge. The machine’s overall dimensions are 1049 mm × 697 mm in height and width, with a designed capacity of 2 kg of porang flour per batch. The main components of the centrifuge consist of a material intake system equipped with a suction pump, a centrifuge tube equipped screen, a centrifuge housing static tube equipped slurry outlet, a drive motor, a mounting frame, and a control panel. Functional and performance tests have been carried out on centrifuges with rotation variations speeds of 500, 750, and 1000 rpm. The response parameters observed were energy consumption, machine vibration, and effectiveness of solids and slurry extraction. Data analysis for response parameters using ANOVA. Increasing centrifuge rotation in the range of 500-1000 rpm did not significantly affect extraction effectiveness (P>0.05) however, energy consumption and vibration showed significant differences (P<0.05) due to differences in centrifuge rotation speed.

First report of Fusarium solani causing pink root disease on garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Lombok, Indonesia

Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important agricultural commodities in Indonesia, with Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province among the main producing regions. Several incidences of pink root disease symptoms have been reported in garlic plantations in the Sembalun highlands of Eastern Lombok District, NTB Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to isolate and identify the fungal pathogen responsible for pink root disease in garlic plants in this region. Fungal pathogens isolated from diseased garlic plants were morphologically investigated under a microscope and molecularly identified which includes DNA isolation, PCR, sequencing, processing of sequencing data, and NCBI blasts. The symptoms of the diseased plants in the fields were leaf wilting, stunted growth, and shortened roots which first turn light pink, then darken through red and purple, later turn black, and die. The mycelial colour of the pathogen on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media was growth white. Observation of the pathogen under a microscope indicated that the pathogen produced oval micro-conidia and crescent-shaped macro-conidia. Based on the BLAST results which are based on the NCBI database, it can be concluded that the species of Fusarium solani was responsible for invading the garlic plant. This is the first report of pink root disease on Lombok Island in Indonesia.

A study on spatio-temporal trend of rubber leaf fall phenomenon using planetscope multi-index vegetation imagery in relations to climatological conditions

Background: Rubber plants are one of the most important plantation commodities in Indonesia. However, rubber production has declined due to leaf fall disease caused by the pathogen Pestalotiopsis sp. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of rubber plant leaf fall disease using multi-vegetation indices from PlanetScope imagery, as well as to analyze the influence of climatological conditions on the disease. Methods: The research was conducted at the Sembawa Rubber Research Center Garden, South Sumatra, using PlanetScope imagery data and climatological data in 2017 (before leaf fall) and 2023 (after leaf fall). Finding: Spatially, the 2023 leaf fall occurred in almost the entire garden area with poor to moderate levels. Blocks 2013D, 2012F, and 2009F experienced the most severe levels, with a total defoliated area reaching 396.76 ha. Analysis of monthly variations in vegetation index values revealed a decrease in values during leaf fall due to Pestalotiopsis sp., specifically in February, May, and September 2023. Statistical test results showed significant differences in vegetation index values between 2017 and 2023. Furthermore, based on Spearman's correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between vegetation index values and humidity, but no significant correlation with rainfall and temperature. Conclusion: This research provides insights into mapping and monitoring rubber leaf fall disease using remote sensing data and climatological factors, which can be used for more effective rubber plantation management. However, the study has some limitations: monthly Planet data for 2017 is not fully available, several Planet image scenes from 2017 still have more than 50% cloud cover, and there may be biases as plants falling into the low health class are included in the high range of vegetation index values. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The study employs multi-vegetation indices derived from high-resolution PlanetScope imagery to detect and assess rubber leaf fall disease (LFD) within a plantation environment. By integrating spatial and temporal analyses with climatological data, the research provides a precise and comprehensive method for monitoring LFD and understanding its environmental determinants, thereby enhancing traditional rubber plantation management practices.