Commodities In Indonesia Research Articles

Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Produksi Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana) Di Desa Puspahiang Kecamatan Puspahiang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya

Mangosteen is one of the prospective horticultural commodities in Indonesia. It is a perennial plant with a lifespan of several decades. On average, mangosteen trees in Indonesia can produce 30-70 kg of fruit per tree in a single harvest per year, which is lower compared to Malaysia, Thailand, and India where yields can reach 200-300 kg of fruit per tree. The primary mangosteen production centers in Indonesia are located in West Java Province, specifically in Tasikmalaya, Subang, and Sukabumi. This research was conducted to identify the factors influencing mangosteen production. The research methodology employed a survey approach, collecting primary data directly from respondents (mangosteen farmers) and secondary data obtained from the Tasikmalaya District Central Statistics Agency. The study was conducted in Puspahiang Village, Puspahiang District, Tasikmalaya Regency, and simple random sampling was used for sample selection. The impact of production factors was analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas production function equation model. To assess the simultaneous effect, an F-test was conducted, and for the partial effects, a t-test was employed. The research findings indicate that variables such as land area, number of trees, organic fertilizers, labor force, and tree age collectively influence mangosteen production. Additionally, when examined individually, land area, number of trees, organic fertilizers, labor force, and tree age each have a significant impact on mangosteen production. The scale of production results suggests that a 1 percent increase in input will lead to a 2.216 percent increase in mangosteen production, indicating an increasing return scale.

Parasites Infestation on Cultured Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and the Impact of Fish Health

Barramundi Lates calcarifer is one of the leading marine aquaculture commodities in Indonesia, therefore fish health should be observed. This study was conducted to determine the type and number of parasites present in barramundi, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of parasite and the number of leukocytes in each individual, based on the level of infestation. This study used a quantitative descriptive method, using a total of 30 fish with two different sizes of host of ± 20 cm (large) and ±5 cm (small) each as many as 15 individuals. The results showed that size of host samples influenced the number of parasites infested with the prevalence of 40%, while ectoparasite 20%. This may due to differences in the living environment as well as the larger host provides more space to the parasites. The ectoparasites found in barramundi, namely Trichodina sp, Cryptocaryon sp, Benedenia sp, Diplectanum sp and endoparasites, namely Camallanus sp. Ectoparasites Trichodina sp. has the highest mean intensity of 20%. The highest mean abundance on large fish was 3.2 ind/fish on ectoparasite and endoparasites was 0.07 ind/fish. The lowest leukocytes were 179.82 103/μl (19.6 cm) and the highest in sample number three was 218 103/μl (20 cm), all exceeded the normal amount of leucocytes cells for fish was uninfected.

THE USE OF SOIL RENEWAL MATERIALS TO IMPROVE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN INCREASING THE RESULTS OF ONIONS FROM TUMBERS

The development of the shallot commodity in Indonesia is excelent. This can be monitored by the consumption of shallots which continues to increase in line with the increase in population. Cultivation of shallots usually utilizes bulbs for planting material. This is because the use of bulbs is easier and more practical. Besides that, the success rate is high. This study aimed to (1) identify the best formula/dose of organic matter and mycorrhiza and the interactions between the two treatments in increasing shallot production on ultisols, (2) analyze the improvement of chemical properties of ultisols using soil enhancers, and (3) analyzing the increase in the production of mini bulb shallots using soil amendments. The study used several levels of factorial randomized block design (RBD) with mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer. Treatment 1 (Mycorrhiza), M0 = Control, M1 = 10 g/polybag, M2 = 20 g/polybag, M3 = 30 g/polybag, M4 = 40 g/polybag, and Treatment 2 (Organic Fertilizer), P0 = Control, P1 = organic fertilizer (0.6 kg/polybag), P2 = organic fertilizer (1.2 kg/polybag), P3 = organic fertilizer (1.8 kg/polybag), P4 = organic fertilizer (2.4 kg/polybag). The results showed that the interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and organic fertilizers had a significant effect. The highest yield on shallot plant height was in the M4P4 treatment, while the lowest was in the M3P0 treatment. The interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and organic fertilizers had a significant effect. The highest yield on the number of shallot leaves was in the M1P3 treatment, while the lowest was in the M3P0 treatment.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Interval Waktu Pemberian Flower Inducer terhadap Pembungaan Kopi Robusta

Coffee is a leading commodity in Indonesia because it can increase people's income and foreign exchange. Coffee production can be affected by flowering. Flowering can be done by giving flower inducer, a flower inducer solution containing nutrients and Sitokinin. This study aims to investigate the influence of concentration and timing of flower inducer solution application on the flowering of robusta coffee plants. The research was conducted in Petaling Banjar Village, Bangka Regency, from January to May 2023, using a split-plot experimental design with a randomized block design, repeated four times. The main plots were the weekly and bi-weekly time intervals, and the subplots were the concentrations of Flower Inducer, namely 0 ml/liter, 10 ml/liter, 20 ml/liter, and 30 ml/liter. The results showed that the concentration of flower inducing solution significantly increased the number of silver primordia, the number of perfasciculus primordia, and the period of primordia emergence. A concentration of 20 ml/liter is the best concentration that induces coffee primordia and flowers. Keywords : Coffee, flowering, concentration, sitokinin

Dynamic Competitiveness of Indonesian Commodities in Major Export Destination

This study aims to analyze the export competitiveness and market position of the agricultural, manufacturing, and mining sectors in 10 main export destination countries (China, the United States, Japan, India, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, the Netherlands, and the Philippines). This study uses secondary data sourced from UN COMTRADE for the period of 2013 – 2018. The data is categorized using a 2-digit Harmonized System (HS) classification. This study uses Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) analysis tools. The RCA estimation results show the export competitiveness of Indonesia’s agricultural, industrial, and mining products is still weak and strong in several major export destination countries. Meanwhile, the EPD estimation shows the Indonesia’s exports of agricultural, industry, and mining commodities mostly got rising star positions in some countries but losing opportunity positions in some other countries. The following suggestions proposed are based on the research. In general, the implications of policy to improve the competitiveness of export products in the manufacturing, agriculture, and mining industries are infrastructure improvement, expansion of the export market, improvement in the quality of human resources, and employment, increasing access to finance, increasing the quality and quantity of production in processing, agriculture and mining industries, and maintaining political

Effectiveness of Biopesticides Nicotiana tabacum L and Ageratum conyzoides L As Controlling Spodoptera exigua in Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a commodity in Indonesia that has high economic value. One of the pests that often attacks and reduces shallot yields is the onion caterpillar pest S. exigua. Tobacco plants and babadotan weeds are types of plants that can be used as botanical pesticides as a method of controlling and preventing pest attacks on plants. Tobacco and babadotan plants contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins which are able to kill insect pests on shallot plants. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as control of the onion caterpillar pest Spodoptera exigua on shallots. The highest combined mortality rate was treated with T6 at 96JSP with an average of 75%,The lowest larval mortality percentage test was found in T2 with an average mortality result of 22.50%.The results of biosafety testing show that the combination of tobacco extract and babadotan extract cannot be used together. From the conclusions that have been obtained, the extracts of (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and (Ageratum conyzoides L.), both single extracts and combination extracts, are effective in controlling the pest S.exigua

Bioinformatic Analysis Strategy in Restriction Enzyme Selection for Indonesian Panulirus homarus Identification by PCR-RFLP

The spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is a valuable fishery commodity in Indonesia, particularly in its juvenile life form. However, identifying the early life forms of the spiny lobster can be challenging, as it exhibits similar morphological features compared to the juveniles of other Panilurid lobsters. Molecular-based identification, specifically DNA sequencing, is the best method for species identification, but it requires advanced instruments and is costly. An alternative method is proposed here, using the PCR-RFLP technique, which is low-cost, rapid, and has standard instrumentation requirements. The challenge with this method is selecting the appropriate restriction enzyme to determine the targeted species’ identity. This study proposes using the REfind (https://github.com/indriatmoko07/REfind), R package to select the best restriction enzyme for identifying P. homarus, applicable to other species. The bioinformatics workflow used in this study successfully identified BseSI or BmgI as the most suitable restriction enzymes among 739 restriction enzymes to differentiate P. homarus from other Panilurid species. This result was validated by employing a wet lab test using the BseSI enzyme and successfully validated the bioinformatics result. These findings may be useful for biologists in conducting various studies that require rapid, low-cost, and identification of specific species in the future.

Responsibility and Accountability in the World of Futures Trading: Analysis of Futures Brokers and Broker Representatives Under the Spotlight of Civil Law and BAKTI Arbitration"

<em>This study aims to examine the role of Article 1367 of the Civil Code in determining the duties of Futures Brokers and Futures Broker Representatives in the context of Indonesian commodity futures trading, with a focus on the consequences for violations of these duties by Futures Broker Representatives. respond to it. This methodology is based on normative legal principles and is based on research into relevant literature and examination of BAKTI rulings in the field of commodity futures trading arbitration. Findings from this study highlight the importance of taking into account the Futures Broker Representative's level of professionalism as well as any applicable rules and regulations when determining the extent to which the Futures Broker is legally liable for the Futures Broker Representative's conduct. In order to provide fairness and clarity in commodity futures trading, this study's findings suggest that current rules need to be revised and adjusted. The study also suggests directions for future research on the dynamics of futures trading's legal aspects.</em>

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate in Artificial Food on Feed Utilization Efficiency, Growth, and Survival of Fingerling Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the leading freshwater fish commodities in Indonesia. The problem often faced by tilapia farmers is the low level of feed utilization, especially protein, which is still low, resulting in suboptimal growth. The glutamate content in monosodium glutamate (MSG) can act as a precursor for the formation of arginine and glutamine, which can increase the production of protease and lipase enzymes that are excreted into the intestines during the feed hydrolysis process, which is useful in increasing the absorption of nutrients in the form of protein and fat. This research was conducted using fingerling tilapia as a test fish with an average individual length of 6.59 ± 0.21 cm/fish and an average individual weight of 5.33 ± 0.27 g/fish. This research was carried out in an aquarium container measuring 40x30x30 cm with a water volume of 27 l and a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of MSG in fish feed on total feed consumption (TKP), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention, relative growth rate (RGR), and survival (SR) in fingerling tilapia. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments with 3 replications. Treatments A, B, C, and D are fed with the addition of 0 MSG in commercial feed; 0.75; 1.5; and 2.25 g/kg. Variables observed included TKP, FUE, PER, protein retention, RGR, and SR. The research results showed that MSG in feed had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the FUE, PER, protein retention, and RGR values but had no effect (P < 0.05) on the TKP and SR values. FUE value; PER, protein retention; The highest RGR was obtained in treatment D (2.25 g/kg); FUE (87.21±2.28); PER(1.83±0.05); protein retention (50.47±0.76); The RGR (3.06 ± 0.03) and survival value for all treatments were found to be 100%. The water quality during the research was in optimal condition.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Pisang Cavendish Pada UD Istana Banana di Desa Pilanggede Kecamatan Balen Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Demand for banana commodities in Indonesia is relatively high, especially as an ingredient for food diversification. Judging from per capita consumption, bananas are consumed the most, with an average consumption of 24.71 grams/capita/day. Besides high domestic demand, bananas have high potential and competitiveness in the international market. The value of banana exports in Indonesia has increased by 42.81% from 2021. Throughout 2022, Indonesia has exported 22,112.98 tonnes of bananas to several countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore, and China. However, requests from these countries have not been met by Indonesia (Coordinating Ministry for the Economy of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020). Demand for exports of horticultural commodities, especially bananas, is relatively high but cannot yet be met. This means that the amount of banana production available is still insufficient to meet the community's needs and export of banana commodities. This research aims to determine internal and external factors, appropriate business development strategies, and priority strategies to be implemented at UD Istana Banana. The study was conducted at UD Istana Banana in Bojonegoro Regency in December 2023. Based on the results of the data analysis, the IFE Matrix (Internal Factor Evaluation) got a total score of 3.25, and the EFE Matrix (External Factor Evaluation) got a total score of 2.85. So, in the Internal External (IE) matrix, the company's position is in quadrant IV, which means the company's position is in growth and development. Furthermore, in the SWOT analysis, ten alternative strategies were obtained, and based on the QSPM analysis, it showed that the alternative strategy to develop the business by expanding partnerships and establishing good relationships with work partners and consumers received the highest score with a value of 5.89 which was the priority strategy at UD Istana Banana.

Detection of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicemia in Marine Fisheries Commodity Using Real Time–PCR at Fish Quarantine Inspection Agency Denpasar, Bali

Marine fish commodities in Indonesia, both exported and imported, have experienced a significant increase. This increase opens up opportunities for the risk of entry and spread of fish pests and diseases, both on an export scale between countries and between areas within Indonesia. One of the pathogens that is acute that can cause major losses is the virus. The virus that often attacks sea water ornamental fish is Viral haemorrhagic septicemia. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of VHSV that infects marine ornamental fish commodities using namely: necropsy, fixation, extraction, amplification, and reading of results. This research was conducted at Fish Quarantine Inspection Agency Denpasar, Bali. Based on the test results, VHS was found to attack six samples of marine fish species with codes namely NTC, BC 8.2, BC 9.2, BAR 8.2, 1252, NSR 8.2.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VARIASI PERANGKAP HAMA TERHADAP SERANGAN KUMBANG TANDUK (Oryctes rhinoceros,L.) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAMA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the main plantation commodity in Indonesia. In the development of oil palm growth. Problematic and influential pests in the growth of oil palm, namely the horn beetle Oryctes rhinoceros, L. The low level of public knowledge regarding the control of the horn beetle Oryctes rhinoceros, L. has caused plantations to decline. This research intends to find out the differences in the use of variations of pest traps to total beetle pests. This research is an experimental research. The object of this research is the beetle traps made with 3 types, namely derigen traps, funnels, and buckets. This research test was assisted by utilizing pheromones, so that the horn beetle is easily trapped because it carries hormones to attract the horn beetle Oryctes rhinoceros L.. The results of data analysis showed that Oryctes rhinoceros L. was trapped in four monitoring times. Making several varied catches, namely 43 funnels, 41 drigens and 53 buckets. Based on data analysis using Anova Sig. (P-value) = 0.036 P is the value obtained. Thus at the significance level = 0.05 rejecting Ho, the conclusion obtained is that there is an important difference in the average of the three media used in the experiment.

KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT IKAN CUPANG LIAR (WILD BETTA) ENDEMIK SEBAGAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI BUDIDAYA DI KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU RAYA

Wild betta fish has high economic value as one of the ornamental fish commodities in Indonesia. The potential for cultivation development so far has not been maximized so that it still relies on the results of capture from nature. The main key to the development of wild fish farming is actually dependent on food conversion and water quality. Water quality management must adjust to its habitat in nature, however, the study of the physical chemical parameters of wild betta fish waters endemic to Sumatra has not been widely reported. Studies related to habitat characteristics can be used as the basis for aquaculture management in the future. This study aims to analyze the condition of the physical parameters of aquatic chemistry in the natural habitat of wild betta fish in the Regency Labuhanbatu Selatan, Labuhanbatu, and Labuhanbatu Utara. This research is exlorative by observing physical and chemical factors carried out insitu and exitu. The research data is analyzed quantitatively, presented discriptively and discussed based on relevant literature. The results of the main component analysis (Principal Component Analysis) show the main characteristic parameters of wild betta fish habitat in the form of: BOD, COD, DO, conductivity, temperature, and pH. Based on the results of UPGMA analysis, the percentage of similarity of stations 1 and 2 (90.5%) while station 3 (83.6%). It was concluded that the key parameters for wild betta fish farming activities are BOD, COD, DO, conductivity, temperature, and pH and these parameters need to be measured continuously.

Analysis of Indonesia coffee exports competitiveness in the United States and Japan to promote sustainable market

Coffee is one of the main export commodity in Indonesia which has contributed to the foreign exchange. Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. The aim of this research was to analyze the level of competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States and Japan markets. Data sources were obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), UN Comtrade and Trade MAP. The data used is secondary time series data over a period of 5 years (2018-2022). The research method used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to calculate the level of competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports to the United States and Japan markets. The research results showed that Indonesian coffee has a stronger competitiveness in the United States market compared to the Japanese market. However, when compared with Colombia, Brazil and Guantemala, the value of Indonesian RCA in the United States and Japanese markets is still far behind. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the production for sustainable coffee exports in the United States and Japan markets.

Isolation, molecular characterization, and virulence assays of entomopathogenic fungi of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae from Asahan origin

Palm oil is the most important plantation commodity in Indonesia. One factor that can suppress oil palm productivity in the field is due to pest attacks, one of which is the attack of the Rhinoceros beetle called Oryctes rhinoceros. This study aims to isolate entomopathogenic fungi found in Oryctes rhinoceros larvae at oil palm plantations in Tanjung Alam Village, Asahan, North Sumatra. The results showed that the fungus isolates had conidia that were greenish and could cause mummification which varied for 7-24 days. The results of molecular identification by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using ITS1-ITS4 primers showed that the isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi were Metarhizium majus and Metarhizium anisopliae species with DNA bands measuring around 500 base pairs (bp).

Isolation and Potential Testing of Cellulolytic Fungi from Tea Processing Waste

Tea as one of the long-established agricultural commodities in Indonesia, generates significant amounts of solid waste throughout the year. Tea waste, which has a low C/N ratio, can be used as compost to replace inorganic fertilizers, because it contains high nitrogen. The high carbon content can also be utilized as a soil ameliorant that acts as a soil buffer, because it has a high water absorption capacity. This research was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. Cellulolytic microorganisms from tea factory waste were isolated using Carboxyl Methyl Cellulase (CMC) media, and superior fungal isolates were tested for their potential to degrade organic materials in raw tea factory waste. The results of the study revealed the presence of 5 fungal isolates, with isolate J3 showing potential in decomposing organic materials, resulting in a C/N ratio of 12.62, followed by a pH of 6.96. Fungal with the best potential test results can be used as decomposers in organic matter that is high in cellulose content which is difficult to decompose.

The diversity of aerial insect in coffee agroforestry, Dampit and Purwodadi district East Java Indonesia

Coffee is one of the export commodities in Indonesia. East Java is one of the largest Coffee supplies with land that is widely spread, such as in Malang and Pasuruan Regencies. The agroforestry system is applied in coffee cultivation, the system has different management from plantations for example the use of shade trees which will affect the structure of aerial insect diversity. Aerial insects play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The research objective was to determine the diversity and dominance of aerial insects in coffee agroforestry in East Java. The research method is exploratory, taking aerial insects using a yellow pan trap. The abiotic factors observed were light intensity, wind speed, temperature and humidity, and data analysis with past 4.03 program. The results of the study found 407 individuals in Dampit coffee agroforestry and 470 individuals in Purwodadi coffee agroforestry. The diversity and dominance index values were found to be the highest in Dampit coffee agroforestry. From the results of the analysis of abiotic factors, it is found that temperature and humidity in Dampit coffee agroforestry have higher values while wind speed and sunlight intensity of Purwodadi coffee agroforestry have higher values. The differences in the number and types of insects as well as the differences in the diversity and dominance index obtained, explained that the two study sites had differences in abiotic factors and shade trees.

Pengaruh Umur Petani, Luas Lahan Garapan, Serangan Hama atau Penyakit serta Produktivitas Kakao terhadap Keputusan Petani Mengganti Tanaman Kakao Menjadi Nilam di Desa Puduria Jaya Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

Cocoa and patchouli plants are the two primary commodities in Indonesia's agricultural sector. Technically and economically, cocoa and patchouli cultivation have advantages and disadvantages. These advantages and disadvantages will, of course, impact the costs and revenues of farming. Meanwhile, farmers cultivating cocoa or patchouli commodities aim to obtain maximum income. However, some farmers in South Konawe Regency have decided to switch from cocoa to patchouli. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of farmer age, area of ​​cultivated land, pest and plant disease attacks, and cocoa productivity on farmers' decision-making to replace cocoa plants with patchouli. Puduria Jaya Village, part of South Konawe Regency, was chosen as the study location. The study was conducted in April 2020. This study determined 60 farmers who cultivate cocoa and patchouli as the study population. The census method was used to determine the sample of farmers. The variables observed were the farmer's decision to change crop types, age, cultivated land area, pest and plant disease attacks, and cocoa plant productivity. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results of data analysis show that the productivity of cocoa plants significantly influences the decision-making opportunity for farmers to replace cocoa plants with patchouli. Meanwhile, the farmer's age, cultivated land area, pest attacks, and plant diseases do not have a significant effect. The greater the decline in the productivity of cocoa plants, the more excellent the opportunity for farmers to make decisions to replace cocoa plants with patchouli. Therefore, easy and cheap cocoa cultivation technology is needed to increase the productivity of cocoa farming.

Forecasting of Rubber Export Values in West Kalimantan Using the ARIMA Method

Rubber is one of the largest commodities in Indonesia after palm oil. Rubber has become the primary export commodity in West Kalimantan. In 2023, the export value of rubber in West Kalimantan experienced fluctuations every month. These changes can have a negative impact on the economy in West Kalimantan. Forecasting the value of rubber exports is crucial because the data on rubber export values is often used as a basis for economic planning in a region. The objective of this research is to determine a suitable model for forecasting the value of rubber exports in West Kalimantan and to forecast the value of rubber exports in West Kalimantan for the next 12 periods using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method.In the stage of determining the best model, it was found that the best model for forecasting the value of rubber exports in West Kalimantan is the ARIMA (1,1,0) model, with a MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) value of 20.7%. This means that the forecasting results fall into the acceptable category. The forecasting results can be used as an early warning for policy-making related to rubber exports in the upcoming periods.

Kepastian Hukum Aset Kripto sebagai Instrumen Investasi dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif

Cryptocurrency is a virtual currency without physical form or concrete existence in the virtual world. One of them is Crypto Assets, which are becoming increasingly popular as a means of online payment, even though the government has banned it. In early 2019, the Indonesian government issued regulations legalizing Crypto Assets in Commodity Futures Trading. The use of Crypto Assets as commodities and exchange tools in online transactions has sparked pros and cons among religious scholars and economic experts. This study aims to determine the status of cryptocurrency as a commodity in Indonesia and the opportunities for Crypto Assets as subjects in Sharia commodities on the Commodity Exchange. The theory used is the theory of valid and invalid business transactions in Islam. This research is a literature study and qualitative in nature. The data analysis technique used is analytical descriptive with a normative juridical Islamic law approach. The research found that cryptocurrency can be traded in Sharia commodity exchanges with the condition that the country must protect the trade with legal umbrella and issue cryptocurrency with its value based on gold or the country's currency. Crypto Assets cannot be used as commodities in Sharia Derivative Contracts in Indonesia because they still contain speculation, maysir, and are vulnerable to being used for illegal activities. Therefore, Crypto Assets are haram due to external factors, so it is best to avoid them.