Committee System Research Articles

Jurisprudence Analysis on the Investigative Power of Supervisory Committee

The construction of any legal system is based on a certain legal theoretical basis. The supervisory committee system is also established based on specific jurisprudence logic. Examining the jurisprudence logic behind the supervisory committee system can also reveal the nature of the supervisory committee's investigative power from another aspect. The status and functions of the supervisory committee are established in accordance with the constitution, and the investigative power of the supervisory committee is inherently related to the criminal procedure system. The investigative power of the Supervisory Committee is in an advantageous position in the structural system of power restriction. However, in the process of the Supervisory Committee's exercise of its investigative power, there is still room for exploration and improvement of the rights protection mechanism of the investigated objects. When judging the attributes of the supervisory committee's investigative power, on the one hand, we must pay attention to theoretical analysis, and on the other hand, we must pay attention to actual observations at the system level. It is necessary to scientifically learn from the Western rule of law theory and academic logic as analytical tools, but also to base itself on the political and ethical connotation of the innovative design of the supervision system with Chinese characteristics. Whether it is from the perspective of the constitutional system, criminal procedure system, or jurisprudence, although this kind of supervisory power as the fourth state power has rich and complex connotations, it covers the power of administrative power, judicial power, and even political power to a certain extent. It has different characteristics from governance power, but both should regard supervisory power as a fourth type of state power alongside legislative power and administrative power. As one of the basic contents of the supervisory power, the supervisory committee's investigative power, although it crosses the administrative investigation power, judicial investigation power, and disciplinary investigation power, its basic attribute is the supervisory investigation power.

Teacher participatory decision-making in schools: A pre-requisite for democratic governance in Ghanaian second cycle educational institutions

Participatory decision-making in schools has been identified as a key tool for improving teachers* professional development. However, not much has been done in terms of scientific research to find out the nature, level and areas of teacher participation in making school decisions. Therefore, this study sought to establish the areas and ways of involving Senior High School teachers in decision-making in schools in the Mampong Municipality. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The purposive and stratified sampling techniques were adopted to select the participants for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 252 randomly selected professional teachers. It was observed from the study that teachers were always involved in curriculum and instructional activities and occasionally engaged in school operational activities and decisions that promoted school-community relationship. However, teachers were never involved in decision making on student admission and placement, staffing and financial matters. Teachers were involved in school decision-making through delegation, school meeting, school Board of Governors, and school committee systems. It is, therefore, recommended that the heads of schools should decentralise decision-making in their schools to allow greater teachers’ involvement in decision-making.

Once again - on Ethical Committees status

Due to new biotechnologies being actively integrated in medicine, their application is becoming an issue of ethical risks. The field of bioethics searches for answers to these questions. This science must perform assessing, explanatory and prognostic functions. These are only special social bodies of ethics regulation - ethics committees - who are able to fulfill these tasks. Though, their status in Russia has not been legitimized yet, there is no single system of such committees organized to the principle of a network or hierarchy. It is important to take theoretical and practical efforts to define and establish the status of ethics committees and actively implement their recommendations.

Policy Innovation across Korean Local Governments after Democratization: Community Safety Committee and Municipal Police System

This study explores those factors that induce policy innovation among Korean local governments after democratization. While centralism in South Korea prevailed over community democracy after democratization in 1987, since the first local elections in 1995, Korean local governments have experienced a smooth democratic transition and the consolidation of democracy. We attempt to introduce a synthetic application of fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and event history analysis (EHA) to the actual process for policy decision in policy innovation of police system in Korean local government. This paper collects massive descriptive data derived from police related ordinance diffusion across Korean local governments 2002 to 2012 in order to identify various causal conditions of policy innovation and illustrate synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings. Our empirical results show that top-down policymaking in the central government still influences the adoption of innovation by Korean local governments and that the emergence of innovation in local governments involving policy competition and bandwagon effects has a significant impact on neighboring local governments.

The National Audit Office and the Select Committee System 1979–2019

Abstract This is the first account of the relationship between select committees and the National Audit Office (NAO). The relationship has been often dismissed, but this article argues that it has been vital for the success of the committee system. Initially, both the committees and the audit office were established to strengthen the scrutiny of public administration. Despite the intentions of the early reformers, they did not initially collaborate. In the 1990s and 2000s, early reluctance gave way to enthusiastic collaboration between the two institutions. Initially, this collaboration focussed on financial and environmental scrutiny, but it has since expanded as the auditors have gained more confidence and the committees more familiarity with their work. Now the NAO advises committees on subjects such as European Union exit, which it would have never discussed with them only 40 years previously. This article provides both an account of that collaboration and an explanation for why the NAO and the committees have become so closely associated.

Between ‘Scientization’ and a ‘Participatory Turn’. Tracing shifts in the governance of policy advice

AbstractThis study traces the claims of a ‘scientization’ and a ‘participatory turn’ in modern governance within the system of temporary policy advisory committees in Norway. It analyzes whether there is evidence of the two claims in these key governance institutions and to what extent these shifts are compatible with each other. As expressions of a participatory turn, a growing emphasis on citizen involvement and transparency in the committee system is searched for. A growing relevance of researchers and of science-based claims in the committees’ reports are taken as indicators of scientization. The longitudinal study shows an overall shift both towards science- and expertise-based governance and towards an increasing openness and public engagement, as well as some variation between policy fields.

The Politics of Human Rights

The Politics of Human Rights

Obituary

Obituary

Select Committee Reform: Shifting the Balance and Pushing the Boundaries

Abstract The departmental select committee system, established in 1979, is seen as increasingly powerful, with committees producing more work, engaging with more people, and doing more to scrutinise the actions of those with power than ever before. There have been two main periods of select committee reform over the past 40 years: the first following the 2001 general election, and the second in the run-up to the 2010 general election. More recently, select committees, strengthened by the election of their chairs and members, have pushed at the boundaries of their powers and remit. This article sets out the story of reform.

Committee Parliamentary Specialization Index. Explaining MPs’ specialisation in the Spanish Congreso de los Diputados

ABSTRACTNowadays legislatures are largely based on committee systems. This enables a division of work and specialisation, in the context of highly complex politics and policy development. It seems clear that MP specialisation in the field of the committee they serve on is an important political asset, both for MPs and their parliamentary party group. This paper presents the Committee Parliamentary Specialization Index. This index measures the degree an MP is specialised in the jurisdiction of the committee they serve on. In the second part of the paper, the index is applied to the Spanish Congreso de los Diputados, an interesting case for testing this multi-faceted index, to find institutional, political and individual factors that better explain the degree of MP specialisation.

Vehicles of opposition influence or agents of the governing majority? Legislative committees and private members’ bills in the Hungarian Országgyűlés and the Israeli Knesset

ABSTRACTIn this article, we assess the role and the strength of the legislative committee system of two legislatures: the Hungarian Országgyűlés and the Israeli Knesset, by looking at the fate of private member bills over the past four legislative cycles (1998–2014 in Hungary and 2006–2019 in Israel). We find that Israeli committees allow opposition PMBs to succeed at a significantly higher rate than Hungarian committees do, even though the formal properties of the two committee systems are very similar: during the examined period, more than one-fifth of the laws that were passed by the Knesset were initiated as opposition sponsored PMB, whereas the corresponding number in the Országgyűlés was only one per cent. The central reason for this unexpected divergence in the success rate of opposition sponsored PMBs, in spite of a favourable institutional setting shared by the committee systems of the two parliaments, may lie in the different degrees of party concentration in the two legislative party systems.

Electronic Structure, Optical Properties and Quantum Chemical Investigation on Synthesized Coumarin Derivative in Liquid Media for Optoelectronic Devices.

The newly synthesized 3,3'-((3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) (3-BMH) derivative have been investigated in a selected number of organic solvents having different polarity and refractive index at room temperature. From the absorption and emission spectra of the synthesized derivative in studied solvents showed bathochromic shift in both the cases (Uv-vis and emission spectra), the ground state dipole moment (μg) and excited state dipole moment (μe) were obtained by implementing [Chamma-Kwaski-Villate, Bakhshiev, Lippert-Mataga, McRay and Suppan] solvatochromic shift techniques depending on solvent polarity parameters. The larger dipole moment value is observed in the excited state as compared to the ground state dipole moment and this discrepancy in the dipole moment value is due to polar nature of the molecule. From the results of both experimental and theoretical energy gap is found to 3.14eV in average, from this, it can be concluded that the 3-BMH molecule showed a good agreement with the semiconducting material bandgap so that the 3-BMH molecule can be used as a potential material for the optoelectronic application. Also, from results of quantum chemical studies, the electrostatic potential maps studies reveal the molecule is how much stable it describes the defining reactivity of the molecule towards positively and negatively charged reactants, size, shape, the location of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. Further, the optoelectronic properties were investigated the CIE, CRI, color purity and CCT results of the 3-BMH in all studied solvents revels that this compound exhibits blue emission (National television standard committee system (NTSC) for the ideal blue chromacity coordinate 0.14, 0.08) and from the CIE results show the color emission of the molecule in order to design the desired OLED device application.

Updating EuroSCORE by including emotional, behavioural, social and functional factors to the risk assessment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a study protocol

IntroductionConventional risk assessment in cardiac surgery focus on medical and physiological factors and have been developed to predict mortality. Other relevant risk factors associated with increased risk of poor outcomes...

Clientelism by Committee: The Effect of Legislator–Constituent Relationships on Legislative Organization

In this paper, we analyze how legislator–voter relationships influence legislative organization. We argue that legislators who engage in clientelistic practices to gain votes will create much larger committee systems, with more committees, than legislators who engage in more programmatic practices. We test these arguments using an original dataset on the number of committees in the lower chambers of seventy-seven democracies throughout the world. Our analysis demonstrates that the number of committees is higher in legislatures with clientelistic practices than in legislatures with programmatic practices. The results provide a new understanding of how legislator–voter relationships influence legislative organization and lay the groundwork for a series of studies that examine how the clientelism-programmatic spectrum influences legislative organization.

Beyond committees: parliamentary oversight of coalition government in Britain

A legislature’s ability to engage in oversight of the executive is believed to derive largely from its committee system. For example, powerful parliamentary committees are considered a necessary condition for the legislature to help police policy compromises between parties in multiparty government. But can other parliamentary instruments perform this role? This article suggests parliamentary questions as an alternative parliamentary vehicle for coalition parties to monitor their partners. Questions force ministers to reveal information concerning their legislative and extra-legislative activities, providing coalition members unique insights into their partners’ behaviour. In order to test our argument, we build and analyse a new dataset of parliamentary questions in the British House of Commons covering the 2010‒2015 coalition. As expected, government MPs ask more questions as the divisiveness of a policy area increases. Legislatures conventionally considered weak due to the lack of strong committees may nevertheless play an important oversight role through other parliamentary devices, including helping to police the implementation of coalition agreements.

National Corporate Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee at the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports,2018,4,3,24-27.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2018.4.9Published:September 2018Type:Review ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Saeed Jamaan Alghamdi, and Radi Abdullah Alattyh Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi1, Saeed Jamaan Alghamdi2, Radi Abdullah Alattyh3 1The Former General Manager of General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, The Former Head, National Clinical pharmacy and pharmacy practice, The Former Head, Pharmacy R and D Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. 2General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. 3General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objective: To review the Ministry of Health Corporate MOH Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee system at the Ministry of Health foundations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: It is a retrospective analysis of Ministry of Health Corporate MOH Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee system at Ministry of hospitals institutions. Its analysis illustrated within the Pharmacy strategic plan 2012-2020. The analysis process used. The modified pharmacy business model system and Project Management Procedure. Results: Ministry of Heath drug Corporate MOH Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee established with clear vision, mission and goals. The committee had human or economic and other resources described in the review. To assure the continuity of the system; the risk management was used and described. Besides, the monitoring and controlling of the system were demonstrated. The closing stage with convention to operation project shown in the Analysis. Conclusion: The Ministry of Health Corporate MOH Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee system founded though Pharmacy strategies and regulations. The Ministry of Health Corporate MOH Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee has regular development accordingly at all Ministry of Health hospitals and primary healthcare centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Ministry of Health, Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee, Saudi ArabiaView:PDF (242.23 KB) PDF PDF Images National Corporate Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee at the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Effect of Sintering Temperature, Sm3+ Concentration and Excitation Wavelength on Luminescence Properties in Eu3+ Doped Strontium Tungstate Phosphors

The color-tunable SrWO4:0.20Eu3+, Sm3+ phosphors are successfully prepared by co-precipitation method at a low temperature (800 °C). These phosphors can be efficiently excited by near-ultraviolet and blue light. The phase formation, luminescence properties, energy transfer between Eu3+ and Sm3+, and the critical distance were studied. The Sm3+ ions as the sensitizer could extend the excitation spectrum and enhance emission. The CIE chromaticity coordinate was also presented. The emission hues covered the regions from pink, orange, to reddish-orange, and eventually to red, which can be controlled by adjusting excitation energy, calcination temperature, and doping rare earth ions ratio via the energy transfer. The high efficiency and high color purity red emitting SrWO4:0.20Eu3+, xSm3+ (x = 0.005 ¸ 0.01) phosphors have higher color saturation than the commercially available Y2O2S:Eu3+ red phosphor, which is in coincidence with the National Television Standard Committee system standard for red chromaticity (0.67, 0.33). The obtained phosphors exhibit an excellent light emitting efficiency, color-purity and lower correlated color temperature of the comfortable warm white LEDs.

Volume of hip synovitis detected on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is associated with disease severity after collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

To evaluate the relationship between the volume of hip synovitis detected on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the disease stage of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Sixty-three consecutive hips in 40 ONFH patients were reviewed using contrast-enhanced MRI. Ten unaffected hips in 10 patients with unilateral ONFH were used as controls. Based on the Japanese Investigation Committee system, these hips were classified according to stage and type. The volume and location of hip synovitis were semi-quantitatively measured on contrast-enhanced MRI. Clinicoradiological factors were statistically analyzed to determine the relationship with the volume of hip synovitis. The mean synovial volume was significantly larger in ONFH hips (8,020 ± 6,900mm3) than in controls (910 ± 1,320mm3; p = 0.001). The area of synovitis in the anterior portion of the hip joint was double (mean: 2.17 ± 1.77) that in the posterior portion. The volume of synovitis was small in pre-collapse-stage hips (stage 1: 680 ± 690mm3, stage 2: 1,460 ± 1,200mm3), but significantly larger in post-collapse-stage hips (stage 3A: 7,820 ± 4,490mm3, stage 3B: 13,850 ± 7,110mm3; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that disease stage was the only factor related to hip synovitis. Our study suggests that hip synovitis in ONFH might occur after femoral head collapse and worsen with collapse progression, mainly in the anterior portion.

How to manage corporate reputation? The effect of enterprise risk management systems and audit committees on corporate reputation

Research on corporate reputation has generally argued that reputational risk, or risk of reputation loss, stems from all company risks. As companies use enterprise risk management (ERM) systems to manage all their risks, we analyse the effect of ERM system quality on corporate reputation. Furthermore, as audit committees are in charge of supervising ERM systems, we analyse the effect of audit committee characteristics (i.e. independence and independent members' knowledge and diligence) on corporate reputation through their effect on ERM system quality. Our results for a sample of listed Spanish firms support consultants’ arguments that ERM system is a useful tool for managing corporate reputation. Our results also show that audit committee independence improves corporate reputation through the ERM system. Finally, our findings also reveal a positive relationship between the average educational level of independent directors of the audit committee and ERM system quality. These results provide evidence that ERM systems are platforms to manage corporate reputations and suggest the importance of the audit committee as a supervisor of ERM system and as guarantor of corporate reputation.

An Axiomatization of the Shapley-Shubik Index for Interval Decisions

The Shapley-Shubik index was designed to evaluate the power distribution in committee systems drawing binary decisions and is one of the most established power indices. It was generalized to decisions with more than two levels of approval in the input and output. In the limit we have a continuum of options. For these games with interval decisions we prove an axiomatization of a power measure and show that the Shapley-Shubik index for simple games, as well as for (j,k) simple games, occurs as a special discretization. This relation and the closeness of the stated axiomatization to the classical case suggests to speak of the Shapley-Shubik index for games with interval decisions, that can also be generalized to a value.