Council Committee Research Articles

Influence of a structured, 1-year-long dietary intervention regarding body composition and cardiovascular risk (ARCTIC) in coeliac disease: a protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial

IntroductionCoeliac disease (CD) affects 1% of the population worldwide. The only available evidence-based treatment is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), which can readily lead to weight gain and unfavourable metabolic...

Zoning of the Lower Volga Region and Formation of Territory, Okrug, District and Rural Bodies of Soviet Authority in 1928: First Stage

Introduction. The article examines the process of formation of the Lower Volga region and Soviet authorities at the level of regional, district, and rural administration at the first stage of zoning (before the liquidation of okrugs). Methods and materials. The research was carried out based on traditional methods of historical research (historical-genetic, retrospective, historical-systemic, and historical-comparative). The use of an array of unpublished archival documents stored in the State Archives of the Volgograd Region and the Documentation Center for Contemporary History of the Volgograd Region, and materials from periodicals and legislative sources of government bodies of the USSR and the RSFSR, greatly facilitated the research process. Analysis. The study is aimed at identifying the regional specifics of the zoning process and the accompanying process of formation of Soviet authorities (at the level of councils and executive committees of councils of the Lower Volga region). Results. The zoning of the Lower Volga region already at the first stage revealed a range of problems, the systematic solution of which in the future will make it possible to transform the agricultural region into the industrial center of the Volga region. In the process of reform, along with positive aspects – the reduction in cost of the management apparatus, the bringing closer to the population of Soviet authorities endowed with significant powers (district executive committees and councils) – there were also clearly negative consequences. The distance of rural councils from middle management and the consolidation of individual rural councils, on the one hand, led to the planned reduction of hardware costs but, on the other hand, excluded remote villages from active public life. Districts became the main operational unit of economic and Soviet work in the region. There were several issues to address, including the imbalance between districts with different population sizes, from small ones with just over 2,000 people to large ones with populations approaching 100,000. Additionally, there was a lack of communication between administrative units and personnel problems, which emerged as a significant hurdle in the development of district and rural Soviet administration at the second stage of zoning (in the conditions of the liquidation of okrugs).

Comparative secured transactions law: how and to what extent do global standards affect the reform of Japanese inventory financing law

Abstract Since March 2021 Japan has been undertaking official legislative discussions at the Committee of Secured Transactions Law Reform under the Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice Japan to draft a statute of secured transactions of personal property. These discussions are now in their final stages. Enhancing the reliability and feasibility of security devices for inventory financing is the core purpose of the proposed legislation. As a result of policy-making decisions, the conventional Japanese security device of ownership transfer for security purposes will not be replaced by a new regime which reflects the modern principles originating from the UCC9 and illustrated in the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions. However, the significance of such global standards in the context of Japanese law has been two-fold. First, they illustrate what conventional Japanese law achieves through its own alternative rules. Second, the Council Committee is likely to propose several changes to refresh our conventional security device by adding new principles which have traditionally been of less concern to Japanese practitioners. In this article, the author substantiates the influence of these global standards on Japanese legislation. This article focuses on the functional approach taken by the ownership transfer type security interest, the rules relevant to publicity of security interests as modified by the first-to-register-or-possession rule as suggested by global standards, the concept of aggregate of inventory as collateral as modified by registration to cover perfection in security interests in goods joining the aggregate after a debtor's dishonest disposition, and the assignment of accounts receivables accompanied with ownership transfer of inventory which may be viewed as functionally close to security interests in proceeds of inventory.

Revisions to Limits for Toluene in Spacecraft Air.

INTRODUCTION: The original Spacecraft Maximal Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for toluene (set for 1 h, 24 h, 7 d, 30 d, and 180 d) were first established by NASA in 1996 based on a human study in which no irritation or neurotoxicity was reported following 6-h exposure to 40 ppm toluene vapors. While the toluene SMACs were updated in 2008 to account for auditory, visual, and hormonal effects (for 7 d, 30 d, and 180 d) and to include a long-term SMAC (1000 d) in anticipation of longer spaceflight exploration missions, the short-term SMAC limits (1 h and 24 h) remained unchanged. Acute toluene exposure is reported to result in ocular and nasal irritation, although it is not a primary irritant, as well as central nervous system effects including headaches and dizziness. Long-term exposure to toluene can elicit hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine toxicity.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Since publication of the original and revised toluene SMACs, the National Academy of Sciences developed interim Acute Exposure Guideline Limits reviewed by the National Research Council Committee. Based on these data, we have increased the limits for toluene in crewed spacecraft to 40 ppm for 1 h, 24 h, 7 d, and 30 d. SMACs for durations of 180 and 1000 d will remain unchanged.changed.Tapia CM, Langford SD, Ryder VE. Revisions to limits for toluene in spacecraft air. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):399-402.

교육감의 권한에 관한 민주적 통제장치 방안에 관한 소고

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic foundation for realizing theactualization of educational autonomy through the maturation of local educational autonomy inKorea. This study seeks to strengthen the education policy of the superintendent electedthrough a direct election system and seeks for democratic control measures regarding the legalmeaning of direct election system for the superintendent, Board of Education, andrepresentativeness and the authority of the superintendent, to prevent clashes and conflicts from occurring when the superintendent's views on education policy or ideology are differentfrom those of the Minister of Education and the heads of local governments. Democraticcontrol measures include reviving an independent Board of Education and revitalizing theresident recall system through electronic voting using blockchain. As the Board of Educationwas integrated into the standing committee of the local council, the members of the Board ofEducation are formed from it, and due to the absence of qualification standards such ascertain educational and educational administration experience, it is difficult for them to fulfilltheir role as a check on the superintendent, which violates the constitutional principle ofprofessionalism in education. Therefore, I believe that the current government shouldre-institutionalize the constitutional independent Board of Education system.

Effectiveness of School-based Substance abuse Prevention Programme (SSPP) on awareness, attitude, peer pressure, and life skills among adolescents in selected public schools of Pokhara, Nepal–A cluster randomized trial protocol

ObjectiveEarly substance use has been linked to various adverse outcomes and escalates quickly during adolescence. Delaying the onset of substance use among adolescents is a primary public priority as it is associated with severe effects. The objective of the study is to develop and determine the effectiveness of a School-based Substance Abuse Prevention Programme (SSPP) on awareness, attitude, peer pressure, and life skills towards preventing substance abuse among adolescents. MethodPhase I of the study is a qualitative approach, where a focus group discussion (FGD) will be conducted among different stakeholders to explore their perceptions regarding the prevention of substance use among adolescents. The anticipated sample size is 38. Thematic analysis will be done by using ATLAS.ti software. The inputs given by the stakeholders will be incorporated in developing the intervention (SSPP). Phase II is a cluster randomized controlled trial. A minimum of 210 adolescents (105 each in the intervention and control groups) between the age group of 13 to 15 years from 8th and 9th grade will be recruited for the study. In this study, the school will be the cluster and will be randomly assigned either to an intervention or control arm. The data will be collected at pre, post, 3-month, and 6-month intervals. The ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council Committee, Nepal (NHRC 276/2023). The trial was also registered under the Clinical Trial Registry of USA-Clinical Trials.gov (CTRI 06004726/2023/08/22/). Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to analyze the data. Expected resultsImplementation of the SSPP module will improve the awareness, attitude, peer pressure, and life skills of adolescents toward preventing substance use behavior. Overall, the study aims to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.5- ‘Good Health and Well-being; strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.’ ConclusionThe present study protocol will help to develop a unique training module (SSPP) focused on preventing substance use behaviour among adolescents in Nepal.

Corporate identity and rebranding of the student council of the Higher school of folk arts

The article is devoted to the development of the corporate identity of the infographics of the student government of the Higher School of Folk Arts (Academy). The characteristics of different types of logos are analyzed, their weaknesses and strengths are identified; a set of elements and colors for the logo of the student council and the logos of the student council committees are developed. Style bearers are being identified, souvenir projects are being developed. Special attention is paid to the design of the final version of the logo of the Student Council of the Higher School of Folk Arts (Academy), the analysis of factors affecting the visual perception of logos and their application in the student environment.

BDSA Council and BDA Students Committee Meetings Report: October 2023

BDSA Council and BDA Students Committee Meetings Report: October 2023

Advanced and alternative research methods for the acute care surgeon scientist

Clinical research has evolved significantly over the last few decades to include many advanced and alternative study designs to answer unique questions. Recognizing a potential knowledge gap, the AAST Associate...

Краевые архивные источники по истории молодого города на примере Дивногорска Красноярского края

The article presents a review of the corpus of documents of the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai, related to the history of Divnogorsk. The town was founded by the authorities as a settlement serving the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station in 1963. Divnogorsk is one of the many young industrialised small towns which appeared in the USSR during the next round of industrial modernisation. Its peculiarity is the close connection to the regional centre. Divnogorsk is a part of Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. Due to the high role of the town in the economic plans and projects of the Krasnoyarsk region development, its history is reflected not only in the town archive, but also in the documents of the regional archive collection to a great extent. A considerable part of them has not yet been put into scientific circulation. The corpus of documents related to Divnogorsk is quite complicated and chaotic. It is represented by neither one fund in particular but scattered over many others. All the materials about the town can be divided into two groups. Firstly, these are funds entirely dedicated to and related to Divnogorsk and businesses located there. These are mainly collections of party and Soviet organizations of Divnogorsk. Due to the fact that the town was a relatively small settlement, these materials reflect data on various aspects of life and development of small industrial town in Siberia. This group includes the fonds of the Divnogorsk town committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, primary party organizations of the CPSU institutions in Divnogorsk (the town's building and transport departments, the executive committee of the town council, the town committee, the low voltage plant, the housing and utilities office, the court and prosecutor's offices, and educational institutions); the fonds of the town's Komsomol organizations, and state and party control agencies. The second group comprises the fonds of the township-wide fonds, which contain information on the socio-economic development of the township. The second group includes the fonds of Krasnoyarskgesstroy Construction Directorate, Krasnoyarsk Region Planning Commission, and the local branch of the Federal State Statistics Service in Krasnoyarsk Region. The use of the krai archives collections allows a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of young cities of the USSR. The analysis of documents related to Divnogorsk in the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk region will make it possible to understand the regularity of deposition of documents on history of young towns of the Soviet period in archives, which will contribute to further search of materials to study such topics.

Funding of geological exploration during transformation of the Russian economic system

Background. The mineral resource base is a strategic component of Russia’s economic security, being a critically important tool for strengthening the country’s position in the international arena. At the same time, economic shocks and geopolitical tensions negatively affect the investment attractiveness of geological exploration projects, which are highly important for the continuous reproduction of the country’s mineral resource base.Aim. Consideration of funding possibilities for geological exploration activities in Russia.Objectives. 1) To analyze the structure and state of geological exploration funding in Russia over the past five years; 2) to study the prospects and possibilities of attracting investments for different geological exploration stages in Russia; 3) to offer new methods and tools for optimizing the funding of geological exploration activities under the conditions of transformation of the Russian economic system.Materials and methods. The research materials included domestic and foreign scientific publications; reports and publications of the Federation Council Committee on Agriculture and Food Policy and Environmental Management of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, the Federal Subsoil Resources Management Agency; the results of the “Geology, Revival of a Legend” initiative; McKinsey and OECD Global Forum on International Investment analytical materials. The materials were analyzed using a set of general and specialized scientific methods. Among them are statistical modeling and forecasting to assess the state and prospects of geological exploration funding in Russia; comparative analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction to study international experience in attracting alternative investments for geological research.Results. Proposals concerning the possibility of attracting additional funding at various stages of geological exploration through the creation of direct investment trust funds are formulated. Attention is also paid to such methods as streaming and acquisition of a fixed interest rate from production in exchange for an advance payment, which can be applied at later stages of exploration.Conclusion. New approaches and best international practices should be used to attract funding for various stages of geological exploration activities in Russia. This will make it possible to attract non-governmental resources, diversify methods of financial support, as well as to increase the investment attractiveness of geological exploration projects.

ECHOES OF THE «PRAGUE SPRING» OF 1968 IN TRANSCARPATHIA: ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

The article highlights the question of the reaction of the party and Soviet leadership, as well as the population of the Transcarpathian region to the events in Czechoslovakia in 1968. The study is based on the materials of the State Archive of the Transcarpathian Region, which were not previously published. We note that the archive did not include the main documents - the materials of the 3rd plenum of the regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which considered the issue of events in Czechoslovakia. This happened at the level of acquisition of the fund in October 1990. In total, 25 cases P-1 have been withdrawn from the description of 6 funds. Some materials are preserved in the «Soviet» fund R-195. We are talking about the certificates and information that the party and Soviet leadership sent to the republican center, as well as letters from the chairman of the regional executive committee of the Transcarpathian regional council V. Rusin and the head of the culture department of the Transcarpathian regional executive committee V. Kerechanin to the first secretary of the Transcarpathian regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine Yu. Ilnitsky. The Soviet leadership saw the events in Czechoslovakia as a direct threat to the socialist system. Therefore, the propagandists were entrusted with the task of «correctly» conveying the party's policy for members of the CPSU, as well as broad segments of the population. For this, special information letters were sent in the region of the Ukrainian SSR. Researchers have identified at least two propaganda campaigns to interpret the «Prague Spring»: the first (summer 1968) – aimed at supporting the official position of the USSR on the events in Czechoslovakia; the second – in August 1968 – from the «popular» discussion of the TASS message about «fraternal assistance» – the introduction of troops of the Warsaw Pact Organization into Czechoslovakia. Under special supervision was the Transcarpathian region – the territory that in 1920-1930. was an integral part of Czechoslovakia. Here, state security agencies especially closely monitored the reaction of the population to events in Czechoslovakia. A significant number of the recorded 1,182 cases of critical statements and assessments of the situation from «anti-Soviet positions», were in Transcarpathia. The leadership of the region was entrusted with a number of tasks: through the exchange of delegations through party, Soviet, Komsomol, trade union bodies, public organizations, cultural and sports societies, journalists to communicate with the leadership of the East Slovak region, to receive the necessary information from them regarding the development of events in Czechoslovakia; inform the senior republican leadership; restrict access to information that came from Czechoslovakia through radio, television, the press; propaganda processing of ordinary members of the CPSU and the population of the Transcarpathian region.

Qualitative Review of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices in Higher Institutions in Uganda

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate how the practices employed in the Monitoring and Evaluation processes contribute to the overall goal of Higher Education Institutions in Uganda. It was carried out using a qualitative document review method. The study was guided by five objectives: to examine the legal framework of monitoring and evaluation in Uganda’s higher education institutions, to formulate monitoring and evaluation policy in higher education institutions, to assess the establishment of constituent colleges of Makerere university, to examine how monitoring and evaluation policy affects university teaching quality, and to assess how the M & E policies are performed at the university senates and council committees.
 Findings: The findings of the study show that the Uganda Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) has prioritized the concept of quality assurance in the sector at all education levels. Each college at Makerere University is administered as a semi-autonomous entity within the larger university and the overall supervision of the college is the responsibility of the university council and it is the responsibility of College leadership to conduct regular M&E of services offered in their units to ensure that quality is not compromised. Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is used in Makerere university where questionnaires are given to students to evaluate the quality of instruction by their instructors at the end of every lecture, course or semester. There is also peer observation of teaching where colleagues from the same department, subject or discipline help in giving and receiving feedback from one another on the quality of teaching and effectiveness.
 Recommendations: However, the study recommends that monitoring and evaluation should be implemented even in the secondary and primary education, institutions should have both internal and external evaluations for consistency and transparency, more research should be done on the challenges facing the established policies in higher education institutions of learning in Uganda.

Ohlédnutí za Velkou Prahou

The paper deals with the legal aspects of the establishment of the so-called Greater Prague, i.e., the merger of neighbouring municipalities with the capital of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1922. The introduction briefly outlines the efforts to merge Prague with its suburbs dating from the mid-19th century until 1918. The following section focuses on the activities of the National Assembly on the establishment of Greater Prague. In addition to the establishment and the membership of the Greater Prague Committee, parliamentary papers related to the creation of Greater Prague are described and analysed. Parliamentary papers 719 and 1216, which included government bills to merge neighbouring municipalities and settlements into the City of Prague, a bill on elections to the Metropolitan Council and a bill on the organisation and powers of the Metropolitan Council and local committees, are discussed in detail. From a comparison of the government proposals, the amendments proposed by parliamentary committees and the text of the laws adopted, it is possible to deduce the general tendencies of the relationship between the state administration and local government at the beginning of the Czechoslovak Republic. The issues of financing the establishment and operation of the new capital of Czechoslovakia have not gone unnoticed.

농촌 지역의 학교운영위원 경험에 대한 학부모의 내러티브 연구

Objectives The main objective of this study is to conduct qualitative analysis of educational autonomy experiences as ‘parent members of the school governing committee’ in a small-scale high school located in Gangwon-do. Furthermore, the purpose is to discuss an issue of expertise of parent members of small-scale schools in rural areas which was pointed out at the induction of school governing committee.
 Methods Narrative analysis, one method of qualitative analysis, excels in improving the understanding of a certain experience through the process of narrating one’s own experience and also in adding true voice of the narrator. This study selected two participants with ample experience as parent members of school governing committee and conducted in-depth interview for narrative analysis.
 Results In many cases, parent committee members who participated in this study tended to concurrently hold additional positions as the board members of the parent committee and their children were either board members of the student council committee or active participants of school activities. Children were the strongest driving force for their parents to participate in school governing committees. However, because of low number of voluntary participation as parent members, they had been ‘elected without voting process’ and it was often the case for them to serve consecutive terms. The participants found their participation fruitful when carrying out agendas related to actual ‘benefits’ for students (school uniforms, school meals, and issues related to college admission of students). The school governing committee was more like an arena of ‘acceptance’ and ‘agreement’ rather than that of competition.
 Conclusions The study showed that the parent members of school governing committees in small-scaled schools did not lag behind in their understanding of and expertise in educational autonomy. It is necessary for parents and members of school governing committees for schools with strong regional characteristics or those small in size to actively participate in operating the school.

Cardiovascular risk factors in coeliac disease (ARCTIC): a protocol of multicentre series of studies

IntroductionThere is only limited and controversial information available on the cardiovascular (CV) risk in coeliac disease (CD). In this study, we plan to investigate the body composition and CV risk-related...

“I think there has to be a mutual respect for there to be value”: Evaluating patient engagement in a national clinical trial on de-implementation of low value care

BackgroundThe evaluation of patient engagement in research is understudied and under-reported, making it difficult to know what engagement strategies work best and when. We provide the results of an evaluation of patient engagement in a large Canadian research program focused on the de-implementation of low-value care. We aimed to evaluate the experience and impact of patient engagement in the study.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was administered using Microsoft Forms to (1) researchers and study staff and (2) patient partners. The survey was developed following iterative reviews by the project’s patient partnership council and evaluation committee. Survey content areas included opinions on patient engagement to date, including challenges to engagement and suggestions for improvement. Patient partners also evaluated the partnership council. Descriptive statistics including counts and percentages described Likert scale survey items, while open comments were analyzed using descriptive content analysis.ResultsThe survey response rate was 46% (17/37). There were positive attitudes about the value of patient engagement in this project. There was also a high degree of willingness to be involved with patient engagement in future projects, whether as a patient partner or as a researcher including patients on the research team. Most patient partners felt their contributions to the project were valued by researchers and study research staff. Open comments revealed that a co-design approach and full inclusion on the research team were integral to demonstrating the value of patient partner input. Areas for improvement included more frequent and ongoing communication among all team members, as well as earlier training about patient engagement, particularly addressing role expectations and role clarity.ConclusionsOur data revealed that despite some challenges, team members recognized the value of patient engagement in research and agreed project decisions had been impacted by patient partner input. Ongoing communication was highlighted as an area for improvement, as well as earlier training and ongoing support for all team members, but particularly researchers and study staff. In response to evaluation data, the team has reinstated a quarterly newsletter and plans to use specific patient engagement planning templates across study sites for all project activities. These tools should help make expectations clear for all team members and contribute to a positive patient engagement experience. Findings can inform patient engagement planning and evaluation for other health research projects.

Educational scholarship and Ph.D. curriculum of medical education in Iran: A serious critique and a proposal

Medical education as a discipline currently accepts students with two M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Iran. This Ph.D. course was approved by the Curriculum Council Committee in Medical Sciences in 1386 AH (2016 AD). The curriculum of medical education has a total of 50 credits (including core: 20, non-core: 8, and dissertation: 22), which subsume various courses and topics such as student assessment, curriculum planning, educational leadership, program and teacher evaluation, qualitative research, educational research, clinical teaching, and so on (1). One of the necessary competencies expected from graduates of Ph.D. in medical education in Iran is to be able to have activity and innovation in various units of the Education Development Center (EDC), and it is necessary to acquire knowledge and skills about these units. One of these units is the “educational scholarship” unit, which performs various activities such as consulting, writing, and activities in the field of innovative and educational projects. The serious critique of the curriculum is that no course credit related to educational scholarship has been considered in the Ph.D. curriculum of medical education, so there is no time and program to teach this important topic to Ph.D. students of medical education, while it is one of their necessary and expected competencies. The absence of an educational program will lead to a lack of learning, and as a result, the student will not be empowered in this field. The proposal that is presented is that a 2-credit course (1 theoretical and 1 practical credit) with the title "Educational Scholarship" be placed in the curriculum of Ph.D. medical education (as a core course).

Expert systematic review on the choice of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting: endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS).

The finalized document was endorsed by the EACTS Council and STS Executive Committee before being simultaneously published in the European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery (EJCTS) and The Annals of Thoracic Surgery (The Annals) and the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (JTCVS).

Transport Week 2022

The journal publishes a selection of materials based on the news reports of the press centre of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and dedicated to the events held during 16th Transport of Russia International Forum and Exhibition.The Forum, which opened on November 15, 2022, during its first day hosted the Session of the Committee of the State Council of the Russian Federation, the panel discussion «Container Flow during the Era of Global Shocks. Current Trajectories for Market Development», the roundtable discussion «Life-Cycle-Long Maintenance of Motor Transport» and the industrial conference «Efficiency of State Support for Air Transport During Unprecedented Sanctions Pressure».On the second day of the Forum, the participants discussed the role of science in providing technological stability of transport, water transport and assessment of compliance in the new conditions, the formula for cooperation in transport engineering, new digital tools, information services and technologies, transport safety and security and digital management ecosystems. Besides, were held the Session of the Council of Heads of Transport Authorities of the Eurasian Economic Union Member Countries and the presentation of the RZD Transport Accelerator.The final day was devoted to international cooperation. It was opened by the plenary discussion «International Transport Cooperation in 2022. New Directions, Trends, Results», which focused on the actions of countries on the issues of building transport communications under sanctions, the law enforcement, and the coordination of work aimed at creating more competitive transport products within the EAEU. Then, the session «Sunrise on the East: Significance of Trade with Asian Countries for the Russian Economics and the Ability of Transport to Support the Trade» demonstrated the achieved results in rerouting of external trade communications to the East.The business program was concluded with the plenary discussion. In the opinion of a Deputy Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation, Valentin Ivanov, «activity of the Forum was organised in a very productive manner. Many issues were discussed and many meeting points and solutions were found».Winners of the «Formula of Movement» premium were awarded. The premium is designed to promote development of transport infrastructure, improve the quality of transport services, as well as stimulate government and commercial structures to solve significant problems in the transport sector. Only implemented projects or services that have received practical application in the field of transport were eligible to participate.The topic of «Transport Week» is also highlighted on the second cover and on the pages of the central insert of the issue.