Commission Of Crime Research Articles

Not Nuremberg—Histories of Alternative Criminalization Paradigms, 1945–2021: An Introduction

Abstract: The Western myth of Nuremberg has dominated understandings of the evolution of international criminal law. Enshrining the International Military Tribunal as a critical point of origin, this paradigm has developed a narrative of post-war liberal progress, in which a universal model of externally-delivered, individualised criminal justice was interrupted by the exigencies of the Cold War then rediscovered through various international and hybrid tribunals in the 1990s and early 2000s, culminating in the creation of the International Criminal Court in 2002. Often instrumentalised to protect Western interests, the Nuremberg myth marginalises the histories of a wide range of criminalisation and accountability practices that existed, both at the time and since. In this essay, we introduce alternative practices and alliances that challenged both the Nuremberg myth and the specific accountability model it propagates: from the United Nations War Crimes Commission, which contested the colonial erasures of Nuremberg at the time, to the move towards localised forms of post-atrocity justice such as the gacaca courts in Rwanda in the 2000s. The essays in this dossier question the idea that international criminal law hibernated for four decades after Nuremberg and demonstrate how ideas of criminalisation have been shaped by numerous shifting mid- to -late twentieth and early twenty-first century ideologies, such as anti-colonialism, Communism, various iterations of human rights, racial justice, neoliberalism, or, more recently, populist re-imaginings of the global. Shorter Abstract: The Western myth of Nuremberg has dominated understandings of the evolution of international criminal law. This paradigm has developed a narrative of post-war liberal progress, in which a universal model of externally-delivered, individualised criminal justice was interrupted by the Cold War then rediscovered through various international tribunals in the 1990s, culminating in the International Criminal Court in 2002. The essay introduces alternative practices challenging the Nuremberg myth and the accountability model it propagates. The dossier's essays question the supposed 40-year hibernation of international criminal law after Nuremberg and demonstrate how ideas of criminalisation draw on numerous shifting post-war ideologies.

The United Nations War Crimes Commission 1943–1948: A Forgotten Highway to Postconflict Justice?

Abstract: This article offers a critique of the Nuremberg-inspired paradigm of international criminal justice, which focuses on high-profile, top-down approaches to post-conflict accountability. To this end, it appraises the work of the United Nations War Crimes Commission as a "path not taken." We discuss the very different approach to supporting post-conflict justice adopted by the UNWCC—from its original support base beyond the major geopolitical powers, to the impact of its more deliberative system, to the role of the UNWCC as a hub in which new practices of international law were developed. Such an approach had its achievements: the UNWCC assisted in prosecuting significantly more cases than the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, as well as the subsequent Nuremberg Military Tribunals, and its structure lent itself to effective use of national expertise and resources. It also had weaknesses and limitations. The Commission was unable to resist great power politics, which eventually led to its demise. We then discuss the implications of such a model for modern-day international criminal justice. While many of the advances made by the UNWCC have echoes in modern-day processes of "convergent evolution," there is much still to learn from examining this period of institutional innovation. Recent efforts to institute "positive complementarity" and more cooperative, facilitatory, and horizontal criminal justice institutions could benefit from exploring the UNWCC model. While it remains strictly within liberal approaches to international criminal justice, we argue that the UNWCC represents a clear alternative to the "Nuremberg model" and contemporary approaches to international criminal law, including the work of the International Criminal Court. Shorter Abstract: This article offers a critique of the 'Nuremberg model', which focuses on high-profile, top-down approaches to post-conflict accountability, in favour of the model offered by the United Nations War Crimes Commission. We discuss its achievements – especially around peer review, sharing best practice, and participation of states outside Western Europe and the US – as well as its weaknesses and limitations in the face of great power resistance. We then discuss its lessons for "positive complementarity" today, with more cooperative, facilitatory, and horizontal (in terms of state influence) forms of post-conflict justice. It offers several possible paths for future development.

Model of current threats to security of confiden-tial data in divisional information systems

The paper proposes a model for determining actual threats to the information security of distributed information systems, based on algorithms of fuzzy inference and the theory of fuzzy neural systems, unlike known ones, uses sufficient and necessary indicators, excludes expert errors, increases the detection of the number of actual threats to information security of distributed systems by 5 %, reduces the cost of purchasing information protection equipment from 15 to 30%. It takes into account the following factors: the IT infrastructure of the distributed information system, the capabilities of attackers and their level of motivation in the distributed information system, the list of existing protection tools in the distributed information system.
 The proposed approach differs from existing ones in the following: lack of involvement of highly qualified specialists in the field of information security; the process is automated, has a low computational complexity; absence of deficiencies in expert assessments; allows you to determine the list of current information security threats in information systems of various classes and types.
 The task of ensuring the security of confidential information becomes the most urgent, which is due to the growth of computer attacks and leaks of information, which are reflected in the statistical data on the commission of crimes in the field of high technologies, the growth of criminal activity using modern communication devices and the Internet.
 Existing methods of modeling current threats to information security and assessing the effectiveness of the information protection system cannot be used at all stages of the life cycle of distributed information systems - they do not take into account the following indicators in the complex: IT infrastructure of distributed information systems, current threats to information security, security requirements for confidential information, a list of means of protecting confidential information and their value as important indicators when solving these problems.
 In order to achieve the goals of ensuring the security of confidential information, it is necessary to: organize the effective creation of an information protection system (information security system), effective modeling (identification of the list) of current threats to information security, identification of the current violator, and also provide the opportunity to conduct a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of the information security (protection) system.
 One of the most important tasks of ensuring the security of confidential information is the assessment of the effectiveness of the protection (security) system. In this regard, the goal of the work (research) is to improve the quality of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the protection (security) systems of distributed information systems by determining sufficient and necessary evaluation indicators using modern (promising) information technologies that allow the most effective solution of the following tasks: determination operating parameters of adaptive production fuzzy neural systems, which are most suitable for solving the tasks, application of Data Science technologies in data processing, fuzzy output algorithms.

When Victims of Modern Slavery Became Offenders: The Unravelling of the UK’s Modern Slavery Agenda

ABSTRACT While victims of trafficking who commit crimes have a defense in law in England and Wales, this has not been without controversy in the courts and is increasingly threatened in practice as British government ministers heap suspicion on those formally seeking recognition as victims of modern slavery. In the first part of this article, we review recent criminal cases decided by the Court of Appeal in England and Wales to explore why it is that some victims of trafficking break the law. These cases reveal the impossible choices that constitute the nexus of circumstances that lead victims to offend. In the second part of this article, we examine the cases of three people convicted of modern slavery and allied immigration crimes that are excluded from the statutory defense in English and Welsh law to show how morally comprehensible the commission of serious crimes can be in the aftermath of exploitation, destitution and trauma. We conclude by urging academics and activists in the modern slavery field to be vocal about how few victims fit their stereotypes and to help articulate the irreconcilably difficult choices that explain why some break the law in immigration contexts that are overtly hostile toward them.

Macroeconomic Policy, Institutional Quality and Inclusive growth in Nigeria

The inability of macroeconomic policy in influencing macroeconomic indicators in Nigeria has been attributed to weak institutional quality which has consequences for the achievement of inclusive growth. Thus, this study investigates the link between macroeconomic policy, inclusive growth, and institutional quality in Nigeria. The period of this study spanned 1996 to 2021. The study utilised fully modified ordinary least square and the results showed that macroeconomic policy variables and institutional quality contributed significantly in enhancing inclusive growth in Nigeria. More so, it was observed that the interactive terms between macroeconomic policy variables and institutional quality enhanced inclusive growth Therefore, the study concludes that macroeconomic policy and institutional quality are important drivers of inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study recommends that institutional quality should be improved using appropriate anti-corruption policies through institutions like the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC).

CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND CRIME

In the introductory part of the paper, the author briefly explores the emergence of the first cryptocurrency (Bitcoin), which was initially devised for the purpose of securing easier transactions without intermediaries. Criminals soon realised that cryptocurrencies, due to their inherent characteristics, could provide them with anonymity. As other cryptocurrencies (altcoins) emerged, it was necessary to define their conceptual framework. While cryptocurrencies were initially used in illegal sales of narcotics, their application soon spread to a number of other criminal activities. In that context, the author first presents the reasons that led criminals to turn to cryptocurrencies in their financial transactions, and then explains the possible uses of cryptocurrencies in the commission of crime. The central part of the paper provides examples of criminal activities committed by using cryptocurrencies. It is reasonable to expect that, in the future, the use of cryptocurrencies will extend to other criminal activities, which are still unaffected by the trend that has existed for the last ten years.

СПЕЦИАЛЬНО-КРИМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРЫ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ РЕЦИДИВНОЙ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ

Currently, prevention is considered as one of the main activities of law enforcement agencies. Its content is reduced to carrying out measures aimed at preventing the commission of crimes by persons who have previously committed criminally punishable acts. In order to establish a system of measures for the special prevention of recidivism, the article examines the causes, conditions and circumstances contributing to its spread. It has been established that the imposition of punishment in case of recidivism has specifics related to the fact that the applied corrective measures do not bring the desired result, which necessitates the need to strengthen the impact on the defendant in order to return him to an honest life. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that special criminological prevention of recidivism should be comprehensive, systematic and depend on the type of recidivism. Measures for the timely detection, suppression and prevention of recidivism should be reflected in the activities of various State bodies, officials, including internal affairs bodies, the commission on juvenile Affairs, institutions of the penal enforcement system, and judicial authorities.

Search and seizure of electronic devices in India: time for a change?

In the past two decades, there has been an exponential rise in the use of technology for commission of crimes. In certain scenarios, investigation of such crimes call for inspections of an accused's personal electronic devices. In India, there is no law regulating the field of search and seizure of electronic devices in a criminal investigation. Only recently, Virendra Khanna v State of Karnataka laid down certain guidelines in this regard. Furthermore, on multiple occasions, the Indian Courts have relied on the US jurisprudence on the matter. Due to a well-developed jurisprudence in the USA on this subject, the authors have chosen to do a comparative study between the two countries. This paper seeks to examine how these two major democracies balance the right to privacy against the need to unearth information for better investigation. While analysing the lack of a well-rounded law on the matter, this paper also analyses the provisions in the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill 2023 and highlights the missed opportunities to frame guidelines on the issue of search and seizure of electronic device. Section II of the paper introduces the readers to the law on electronic search and seizure in the USA. Section III examines the Indian position. It discusses the law as it was pre- Virendra Khanna, then goes into the law laid down by the Karnataka High Court in Virendra Khanna and critically analyses the same. It also looks at the progress made in the field through other legislation. Section IV deals with a comparative analysis of the USA and Indian law on the subject and section V provides mechanisms and ways in which the current law can be modified to deal with some of the inadequacies of the matter.

The Impact of the Fight Against Corruption on Nigeria's Economy: A Case Study of the Economic and Financial Crime Commission

Corruption in Nigeria has long hindered economic development and raised concerns about resource misallocation, reduced foreign direct investment, and eroded public confidence in institutions. Established in 2003, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) was tasked with combating economic and financial offenses, including corruption. This study aimed to assess the impact of anti-corruption efforts, particularly the role of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), on Nigeria's economy. A survey research design was employed, with data collected through 109 structured questionnaires administered to personnel from various units of the EFCC at the Enugu state branch. Out of the questionnaires distributed, 100 were properly filled out and returned for analysis. Respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0. Descriptive statistical tools, such as simple percentages presented in tables and charts, were used to analyze and interpret the questionnaire data. The study revealed several key findings. Firstly, it emphasized the importance of the fight against corruption in Nigeria. Secondly, it highlighted the positive impact of anti-corruption efforts on the country's economy. Thirdly, it found that the EFCC has been making progress in combating corruption. Lastly, it confirmed that corruption hinders Nigeria's economic development. In conclusion, this study casts a glaring spotlight on the corrosive impact of corruption on Nigeria's economy, translating to staggering losses exceeding $100 billion in GDP. Consequently, the research emphasized the necessity of intensifying anti-corruption efforts. It proposed recommendations to address this issue, including the strengthening of anti-corruption agencies, the improvement of legal frameworks, and the promotion of economic growth as crucial steps towards achieving sustainable

Investigating the psychometric properties of the persian version of the psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles

Introduction: The psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles (PICTS) plays a significant role in the diagnosis and evaluation of criminal thinking styles. It emphasizes the importance of cognition, particularly in the commission and perpetuation of crimes in the field of psychology. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the persian version of the PICTS in prisoners. Method: The current research was a descriptive-applied study of the psychometric type. The statistical population consisted of prisoners in Shiraz city in 2022. The statistical sample included 519 prisoners from Adel Abad prison in Shiraz who were selected through purposive sampling. They completed the PICTS. Data analysis was conducted using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and AMOS version 22 software. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the eight criminal thinking styles model and the criminal thinking hierarchy model of the PICTS, and the fit indices were favorable. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall criminal thinking was 0.91, and for proactive and reactive thinking styles, it was 0.89 and 0.79, respectively. Additionally, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the eight criminal thinking styles ranged between 0.61 and 0.81, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was between 0.63 and 0.86. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the persian version of the PICTS has been confirmed. It is recommended that social workers and professionals in the field of criminal psychology use this questionnaire to predict the commission and perpetuation of crimes.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНО-КРИМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕР ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ НАСИЛЬСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ, СОВЕРШАЕМЫХ В СЛЕДСТВЕННЫХ ИЗОЛЯТОРАХ

This work is devoted to the study of the prevention of the commission of violent crimes in places of detention, by special criminological measures. Specific measures aimed at preventing these negative phenomena in the conditions under consideration are proposed and justified. The study was conducted by the author in the period from 2003 to 2022 in Moscow, the republic of Kalmykia, Moscow, Murmansk, Ryazan, Smolensk regions. The purpose of the study is to develop specific measures aimed at preventing the commis-sion of violent crimes in a pre-trial detention facility.

Las políticas públicas como garantía constitucional y estrategia para la prevención del delito en Ecuador

Public policies constitute a type of constitutional guarantee of the group provided for in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, whose purpose is to make constitutional rights effective with the intention of their due compliance. In terms of crime prevention, public policies stand as an ideal means for the formulation and implementation of plans, projects and specific policies aimed at contributing to compliance with the constitutional normative device that orders the State to guarantee human security through systematic policies and actions, in order to generate the conditions that allow the peaceful coexistence of citizens, also promoting a culture of peace, and preventing violence and the commission of crimes. The work covers two approaches of great interest, on the one hand public policies as a constitutional guarantee and on the other hand public policies as a strategy for crime prevention. The State, through its entities, must guarantee its obligations established in the supreme norm, the national development plan and secondary regulations related to crime prevention, fulfilling the constitutional and legal task of guaranteeing citizen security through actions of government to prevent criminal offenses.

Identifying victim types in sexual homicide: A latent class analysis using interactional victimology theories.

Sexual homicide (SH) research has focused on those who commit these crimes and the crimes themselves. This leaves the victim, an equally crucial piece to the puzzle, left as a sort of afterthought, despite the valuable insight that victimology provides to the crime. For the current study, victim information related to their routine activities and lifestyles was taken from an international database containing 662 solved cases of SH. Nine victim variables were used in a latent class analysis to find hidden subgroups within the victim population. Three classes were identified-low-risk, homebody, and overt risk victims-which suggests that SH victimization varies depending on the victim lifestyles and routine activities. These groups were externally validated by examining their association with different phases of the crime commission process. Some sexual homicide offenders may be more drawn to a victim because they present as vulnerable and opportunistic, while others might be methodically targeted. The theoretical relevance of this typology, along with investigative and prevention strategies, is discussed.

Some Criminological Features of Crime in Migration Sphere

Relevance. In recent years illegal migration also remains relevant, accompanied by criminal networks created by foreign citizens and stateless persons and the maintenance of an underground economy, including smuggling and illegal employment, which can cause social and economic problems. Compliance with legislation in the field of preventing and combating migrant crime helps maintain law-abiding and compliance with laws and regulations, as well as law and order and public safety in the country. The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific knowledge in terms of determining the general level of crime of foreigners and stateless persons in modern Russia, to identify factors that contribute to the commission of crimes by migrants. Objectives: to assess the current state (general level) of migration crime and compare it with the level among the local population; establish quantitative and qualitative characteristics of crime in the migration sphere; identify specific properties, as well as changes in crime in the migration sphere. Methodology. When writing a scientific article, general scientific methods related to universal methods were used: dialectical, historical, system-structural, generalization method and particular methods: extrapolation method, factor analysis, forecasting, document research, content analysis of the press, biographical and statistical.The results of the study made it possible to: determine the current level of crime among migrants in Russia and identify the main types of crimes that are most often committed by migrants; provide new comparative data on the crime of migrants in comparison with the general population of Russia and a number of regions; identify previously overlooked and new risk factors, as well as the socio-economic vulnerability of migrants. Conclusion. Modern Russian society is faced not only with large-scale migration processes, but also with qualitative and quantitative changes in crime in the migration sphere. This phenomenon signals a possible increase in the near future in the increased public danger of the acts of migrants, and if organizational and legal measures are not taken to neutralize this type of crime, then the trend of increasing crimes by foreign citizens and stateless persons will increase in the near future.

Financial Crime Scripting: an Analytical Method to Generate, Organise and Systematise Knowledge on the Financial Aspects of Profit-Driven Crime

AbstractThis article presents a further development of the existing crime scripting framework to enhance insight in the financial aspects of profit-driven crime: financial crime scripting. By drawing on the foundations of crime script analysis, financial crime scripting allows to generate, organise and systematise knowledge about the financial aspects of the crime commission processes of a variety of crime types, and accounts for linking the dots with financial crimes, such as bribery, bankruptcy fraud and money laundering. Viewing these financial crimes as supporting or succeeding offences in light of profit-driven crimes, and at the same time providing guidance to analyse these offences as profit-driven crimes in itself, opens the door for detailed analyses without losing sight of the bigger picture, i.e., the interconnectedness with other crimes. This analytical method helps crime researchers to take into account the financial aspects of crime-commission processes in crime script analyses and could help law enforcement agencies and other crime prevention partners to go beyond a proceeds-of-crime approach and put a follow-the-money approach in practice. Financial crime scripting takes full account of the financial aspects of profit-driven crime and puts relevant concepts in broader perspective, enhancing understanding with conceptual clarity. In addition to outlining the framework, the relevance for policy and practice is unravelled and avenues for future research are discussed.

Classification of social deviations in the commission of a crime

The article explores various aspects of social deviations that may be associated with the commission of crime. The authors reveal the classification of social deviations, taking into account economic, socio-cultural, psychological, family and social factors. The article examines the impact of poverty, social maladjustment, mental disorders, domestic violence and other factors on the commission of crime. The authors also discuss possible approaches to the prevention and elimination of social deviations aimed at improving social conditions and supporting vulnerable groups. "Social deviations directly affect the state of crime, this is mainly due to deviations from the legal norms accepted in society. The main social deviations are alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, etc. These deviations create a favorable environment for creating conditions for the commission of a crime. To study these conditions, a comprehensive approach is needed to study the nature of the origin of such phenomena, for this it is necessary to classify the main social deviations. All this is reflected in the article. The classification of social deviations in the commission of a crime includes various aspects and factors that can influence an individual's behavior and his tendency to violate the law. The classification of social deviations in the commission of a crime is important for understanding the causes and consequences of criminal behavior, as well as for developing effective strategies for preventive control and rehabilitation

Классификация социальных отклонений при совершении преступления

The article explores various aspects of social deviations that may be associated with the commission of crime. The authors reveal the classification of social deviations, taking into account economic, socio-cultural, psychological, family and social factors. The article examines the impact of poverty, social maladjustment, mental disorders, domestic violence and other factors on the commission of crime. The authors also discuss possible approaches to the prevention and elimination of social deviations aimed at improving social conditions and supporting vulnerable groups. "Social deviations directly affect the state of crime, this is mainly due to deviations from the legal norms accepted in society. The main social deviations are alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, etc. These deviations create a favorable environment for creating conditions for the commission of a crime. To study these conditions, a comprehensive approach is needed to study the nature of the origin of such phenomena, for this it is necessary to classify the main social deviations. All this is reflected in the article. The classification of social deviations in the commission of a crime includes various aspects and factors that can influence an individual's behavior and his tendency to violate the law. The classification of social deviations in the commission of a crime is important for understanding the causes and consequences of criminal behavior, as well as for developing effective strategies for preventive control and rehabilitation.

ГОЛОДОМОРИ ХХ ТА РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКА ВІЙНА ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ: ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ФАКТІВ ТА ДОКАЗУВАННЯ ЗЛОЧИНІВ ТОТАЛІТАРНИХ РЕЖИМІВ

The article is devoted to the problems of determining the mechanisms of prosecution for crimes committed by the totalitarian regime during the Holodomor-genocide (other artificial famines) in Ukraine and the conduct of the Russian-Ukrainian war in modern conditions. The need to create a special mechanism of justice to prosecute persons involved in crimes, to conduct an investigation by the International Criminal Court in accordance with the Rome Statute is argued. Attention is focused on the role of documenting the facts of the commission of international crimes (the crime of aggression, the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes), collecting and submitting evidence of the commission of these crimes to the court. The importance of the application of special and forensic knowledge in proving the facts of the commission of crimes by the totalitarian regime is determined. The role of non-governmental, human rights organizations in helping law enforcement agencies to form the evidentiary base of crimes is emphasized. The position is expressed regarding the need to develop certain algorithms, rules, questionnaires, methods for collecting, recording and researching evidentiary information. The importance of researching information about committed international crimes in electronic sources, recording digital evidence is analyzed. The possibility of using the data of new forensic areas in the formation of evidentiary information: digital and nuclear forensics is considered.

Study of the Socio-Demographic Profile, Pattern of Substance Abuse and Criminal Behaviour in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder

With the ongoing increase in supply, temptations, stressful lifestyle and easy availability, substance abuse is growing amongst different populations at an alarming rate. Its demand is increasing alarmingly in the younger generation due to various socio-economical reasons. Substance abuse has also been found to be associated with violent behaviour and infectious diseases. The aims of this study were to find out the socio-demographic profile, pattern of substance abuse and criminal behaviour associated with Opioid Use Disorder. 106 diagnosed patients of Opioid Use Disorder registered at the OSTCentre, Department of Psychiatry, S.R.N. Hospital, associated with Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj were included. All patients were interviewed according to a semi-structured questionnaire prepared for the purpose of collection of information regarding patterns of opioid abuse and history of criminal behaviour, if any. Out of 106 cases, 48 were found with a history of criminal behaviour. Criminal behaviour was found mostly amongst the cases of unemployed and uneducated cases. Cannabis was found to be the most common substance used prior to initiation of opioid abuse. The 20-29 years age group was found to be the most vulnerable age group for initiation of opioid abuse and commission of crime. Accordingly, the 2nd and 3rd decade of life needs better familial and social support along with strict law enforcement related to the supply of illicit substances.

Features of the use of cryptocurrencies in the commission of crimes in the field of high technology

posed by the so-called anonymous segments of the Internet, which are actively used by organized criminal communities to prepare and commit crimes, as well as for their safe financing using cryptocurrencies. The results of the study indicate that in scientific and practical terms, this area has been studied extremely poorly and needs comprehensive research. A significant foundation for this can be the advanced foreign experience of countries that have faced these threats before us and are currently developing effective methods of countering crimes in the field of high technology. The analysis of various materials in this direction shows the elements of the methodology of their disclosure, which, with appropriate systematization, can be adapted to Kazakh conditions and will contribute to effective counteraction by law enforcement agencies.