Commercialization Of Innovations Research Articles

Customisation and co-creation revisited: Do user types and engagement strategies matter for product innovation success?

User engagement is widely recognised as beneficial for the innovation efforts of firms scarce with internal resources but our knowledge about the relevance of user types and engagement strategies is scarce and mostly limited to the front-end phases of the innovation process. To fill this gap, we use data from over 10,000 companies operating in four emerging innovation ecosystems in Central Europe and examine the contribution of users to product development, distribution, market positioning and the commercialisation of innovations. The results show that user engagement through customisation and co-creation promotes the success of the innovation process, with the impact of co-creation being much stronger. Consumers, intermediary users (businesses) and public sector users play different roles at different stages of innovation. These findings provide important insights for firms seeking to optimise their user engagement strategies in product innovation management.

Intelligent Manufacturing and Cross-border E-commerce Export Diversification

Although Industry 4.0 has transformed the operating model of manufacturing and international trade, no previous research has explored the influence of intelligent manufacturing (IM) on export diversification from a cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) perspective. We use a unique dataset of China’s leading cross-border logistics enterprises to investigate the effect of IM on CBEC export diversification. Our results reveal a positive effect of IM on CBEC export diversification at both market and product levels. This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. The heterogeneity analysis shows that IM contributes more strongly to diversification of CBEC exports for differentiated products and consumer goods. The mechanistic analysis suggests that IM enables export diversification by stimulating input, output and commercialization of innovation.

Стратегирование коммерциализации инноваций в условиях отечественной экономики данных

Professor A.G. Aganbegyan defines a new transport and logistics infrastructure as a key factor of economic growth, welfare, and transformation of Russia’s socio-economic system. This new infrastructure should include two-way highways, high-speed railways, regional airports, and major logistics centers in key transport hubs. Unfortunately, such projects have a very long payback cycle that may last up to 20–25 years. Moreover, the investments may be as high as 3 trillion rubles annually. As a result, transport and logistics suppliers alone cannot support such a large-scale initiative. Domestic logistics is currently going through all the stages from 1PL to 5PL, which places very high requirements on the multimodality of transport and logistics in physical infrastructure, software, and hardware. These processes encourage research cooperation between industries aimed at developing novel interoperable R&D solutions. Russian transport and logistics infrastructure depends heavily on the railway industry: its main operational task is to maintain passenger and cargo traffic, as well as to provide safety. Under the current sanctions, Russian railroads face the challenge of developing and scaling advanced scientific and technical reserves. Technological independence relies on end-to-end production technologies, e.g., artificial intelligence algorithms, digital twins, etc., which impose requirements on data interoperability. This article describes the potential that domestic railway enterprises have for improving commercialization of innovations and technology transfer. The authors used the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing developed by Professor V.L. Kvint to design several recommendations on how railroad companies may increase their economic motivation to overcome various barriers.

Advancements in Food Printing Technologies and Their Potential Culinary Applications: A Contemporary Exploration

Food printing is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique that uses advanced printing methods such as binder jetting, extrusion-based printing, and inkjet printing to build an object layer by layer to achieve the required shape of food items such as chocolate and cheese. 3DFP (3-dimensional food printing) has the potential to combine delicate and easily degradable bioactive compounds and other functional elements into functional 3DFP food products, contributing greatly to the development of nutritious food. Many nations make different types of 3D food printers nowadays, creating specialty meals like space food, restaurants, elderly food, and floating food. Numerous benefits of 3DFP include the development of individualized food items with regard to taste and nutrition, the decentralisation of food production, the decrease of food waste, and commercial innovation. Based on the benefits of customizing current food to one’s taste and use, three-dimensional food printing technology can be applied to a variety of food categories. One of the reasons for the increase in research into this technology is the ability to produce modified products that are tailored to suit the taste preferences and specific nutritional demands of consumers. In this review, the industrial situation of 3DFP technology was examined along with recommendations for expanding the market for 3D-printed food in the new typical age.

Commercialisation dynamics system principles and support units of entrepreneurial universities

Background: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has given rise to the demand for universities to produce knowledge and innovation. Universities play a significant role in equipping students with skills and knowledge conducive for commercialisation of innovation (CoI). This investigation addressed the commercialisation dynamics research gap of entrepreneurial universities.Objectives: To investigate commercialisation dynamics of a strategic information management (SIM) system to facilitate the CoI process of an entrepreneurial university.Method: This paper presents the qualitative component of a larger mixed method complex action research strategy. Data were collected through an in-depth face-to-face interview and analysed through descriptive content analysis.Results: The results highlight successful CoI practices fulfilled through the signification framework for the SIM system for commercialisation dynamics of entrepreneurial universities. The system is based on various components deemed suitable for commercialisation.Conclusion: This study has the potential to guide the University of Johannesburg (UJ), as well as other higher education institutions (HEIs) and institutions involved in entrepreneurship, innovation, and commercialisation, in creating an entrepreneurial environment for their innovators. Furthermore, this study can guide students, entrepreneurs, inventors, and innovators in terms of the process to follow to commercialise their business ideas, inventions, and innovation.Contribution: The SIM system incorporates dynamic system principles with intervention benchmarks and has intervention keys that will provide innovators with the safety net that will assist them in converting their ideas into commercialised products and services.

Fast growth and slow policy: a decade of digital credit in Kenya

Abstract The proliferation of mobile enabled instant credit products (digital credit) across emerging markets and developing economies poses challenges for policy-makers and practitioners that seek to expand access to credit while protecting consumers. The Kenya market, which experienced tremendous commercial innovation and growth from 2012 to 2022, but also significant consumer harms and unequal competition, offers a valuable reference case for actors in other markets facing rapid expansion of new fintech products and firms. Despite the substantial and often polarized debate around the country’s experience, there has been little systematic effort to capture and interpret key facts from the development of the digital credit market in Kenya during its first decade. This paper aims to fill that gap by providing a policy case study informed by original interviews of key stakeholders and extensive review of related academic and grey literature. The analysis suggests that policy responses were often inadequate to address the growing risks in Kenya’s digital credit market and presents five policy reflections from Kenya’s experience to support consumer protection and competition in emerging digital credit markets.

The Innovative Application of Hubei Shadow Play Art in Literary and Creative Stationery

Hubei shadow play art, as a national intangible cultural heritage, has a long history and unique artistic charm. This study focuses on the innovative application of this art form in the emerging cultural and creative stationery industry, and analyzes its current situation in the contemporary cultural and creative field as well as the problems and challenges it faces. By extracting the classic elements of Hubei shadow play art, combined with modern design and production technology, this paper explores the innovative transformation mode and market feedback of shadow play art in cultural and creative products, and examines the balance between cultural protection and commercial innovation. In addition, in view of the dilemma of market competition and brand building, this study puts forward the strategy of industrial transformation and upgrading, and emphasizes the importance of strengthening the cultivation of cultural and creative talents and international exchanges and cooperation. The results of this research not only provide theoretical guidance for the inheritance and innovation of Hubei shadow play art, but also contribute new experience and perspective to the development of cultural and creative industry.

From Theory to Practice: Examining the True Impact of Institutional Quality on Innovation Commercialization

Does better corruption controls as institutional quality measure affect commercialization of innovation? Institutional quality from corruption control perspective is very important to be considered for making strong strategic policies favorable for innovation commercialization. Using panel data consists of 15-year time span (2001-2015) covering 143 countries, initial regression estimates with robust check along with fixed effects presents that better corruption controls are positively effective in promoting innovation commercialization in the country which is further verified by using GMM estimates. Our preferred specifications imply that corruption effects on innovation commercialization is worse in Middle East and North American (MENA) regions which is around negative 65% especially in upper middle income and Catholic countries. Apart from the exports of high-tech products, other demand and supply side contributors of innovation commercialization are also important to account for. While improving the research and development aspects, the policy makers must also have to plan strategically for improving these channels which may help in improving the institutional quality in the country including investment in improving the grass root literacy levels, flexible facilities for entrepreneurial incubators, and optimal utilization of population growth with urbanization measures in the country.

Achieving sustainable development with sustainable packaging: A natural‐resource‐based view perspective

AbstractSustainable packaging is a pivotal aspect of sustainable development, involving multi‐faceted issues such as stakeholder management and environmental policy compliance. Despite the efforts to find packaging solutions, the extant literature is largely fragmented, featuring a high level of heterogeneity among studies that spread across different disciplines, with the majority examining important packaging issues in isolation. A study that systematically consolidates findings of different important areas of sustainable packaging implementation is lacking. This challenges companies' adoption of research findings in business strategy development. Thus, this paper conducts a systematic literature review combining keyword co‐occurrence analysis, thematic analysis and qualitative content analysis to uncover major research domains, consolidate important findings and reveal unsolved research gaps, which are crucial to advancing sustainable packaging management. The findings reveal four major research domains: (1) sustainable packaging materials and properties, (2) management practices of sustainable packaging, (3) consumer behaviours towards sustainable packaging and (4) packaging waste management. Drawing on the natural‐resource‐based view (NRBV) theory and the review findings, this study proposes four future research directions: (1) identifying ways to enhance the commercialisation of sustainable packaging technological innovations, (2) uncovering reasons for insufficient social aspect investigation in sustainable packaging research, (3) exploring strategies to enhance stakeholder integration in sustainable packaging management and (4) examining contingency factors of packaging waste management effectiveness. The research agenda is important to provide practical and managerial insights for business strategy development in sustainable packaging to achieve pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development capabilities to gain future growth and competitive advantage.

APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF EVALUATION INDICATORS FOR ANALYSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMMERCIALISATION CHAIN

Shorter product lifecycles, new product introductions, increased competition, the emergence of new markets and ever-changing consumer needs are forcing companies to bring new products to market. However, not all innovative solutions are commercially successful. At the same time, there are many systems for assessing the effectiveness of the commercialisation chain that would meet the needs of companies in different sectors. The aim of the work is to systematise evaluation indicators and to develop recommendations that can be useful in forming a system of evaluation indicators for analysing the effectiveness of the commercialisation chain. Currently, there are various approaches to the evaluation of innovation commercialisation. Researchers base them on indicators grouped according to specific criteria with certain weights. The company can choose one of these approaches or develop its own. At the same time, they need to consider the following points. When creating a system of evaluation indicators, it is advisable to use as many indicators as are most relevant to the organisation's objectives. When creating this set of indicators, one should consider different aspects (effects) of commercialisation. It is better to focus on objective indicators (indices); however, in their absence and the need to calculate indicators with different units of measurement, there is a need for their normalisation. When determining the weights of groups and individual indicators, in order to achieve greater objectivity, it is possible to use simultaneously the methods of balancing, weighting and general category weighting. After calculating the integral indicator, it is necessary to check its adequacy using various methods and to compare its value in different scenarios. The data approach to the development of the system of evaluation indicators for the analysis of the effectiveness of the commercialisation chain will contribute to the formation of a sufficiently objective evaluation system that takes into account the various impacts of commercialisation (economic, market, social, environmental, and so forth).

Women entrepreneurs and government neglect in the face of Covid-19: resilience of social cadets through online commercial innovation

One of the major social transformations brought about by Covid-19 in Cameroon with the internet tool is the development of e-shop commercial activities. At the center of this movement are women whose socio-economic profiles show that they are in a situation of financial vulnerability. The areas of commercial intervention of these women range from the clothing industry to the food industry, including cosmetics, catering and natural health products. If their motivations are part of a dynamic of personal development which is linked to their career paths, most of these women make digital platforms spaces of economic profitability to escape their precarious state. Relying on a network of wholesale suppliers based in China, Turkey or in large shopping centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the sellers participate in the dematerialization of sales spaces for their digitalization. This is explained by the numerous advantages offered by the phenomenon: the payment of rent which replaces payment of the internet package for various transactions. This form of utilitarian accumulation of digital capital provides information not only on the socio-economic transformation of Cameroon by social cadets but also on the meaning of the relationships between these online sellers, their customers and their suppliers and the patriarchal structure of the social system. The aim of this work is to understand, beyond a precarious environment, the capacity of women entrepreneurs in the unstructured economy sector to overcome the changes brought about by Covid-19. To do this, the analytical approach is structuralist, it relies on a network of symbolic relationships which would make possible the political analysis of the position of women in Cameroon, the crisis situation and their empowerment.

SYSTEMATIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF THE FORMATION OF CLUSTER-UNITED ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the article is research and systematization of scientific concepts and theories regarding the formation of cluster-united enterprises.
 Research methods. In this study, when carrying out the systematization of scientific concepts and theories, the authors used general scientific research methods, in particular, to reveal the evolutionary foundations of the development of cluster theory, comparative analysis of scientific concepts of both foreign and domestic scientists regarding the development of cluster formations, the formation of cluster-united enterprises, the following empirical methods were used as a method of historical analysis, methods of logical and comparative analysis.
 Presentation of the main research material. In the course of research and systematization of scientific concepts and theories regarding the formation of cluster-united enterprises, analyzing scientific concepts and theories regarding the formation of cluster-united enterprises, it was highlighted that within the limits of these theories, the concept of a cluster is complemented by such characteristics as systems of generation and dissemination of innovative ideas and experience, which in turn generally affects the modernization of the national economy. The article substantiates that cluster forms of organization of research subjects and organization of production make it possible to facilitate the commercialization of innovations and make it possible to create favorable conditions for the development of new highly specialized innovative and active areas of activity.
 Conclusions from the conducted research. The article outlines that modern science still lacks a generally accepted understanding of when the first clusters appeared. The evolutionary study of the development of cluster formations and their global connections indisputably points to the growing relationship of cluster-united enterprises, where resources and competences are combined, access to target markets and know-how becomes open, information and experience are exchanged between clusters.
 Keywords: cluster theory; cluster; cluster formations; clusterization.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Business Innovation Strategy: A Case Study of Apple Inc.

Studying business innovation at Apple Inc. involves examining the company's past accomplishments and analyzing the strategies, processes, and underlying beliefs that underpin this innovation. This research tries to uncover the various factors contributing to Apple's success in introducing groundbreaking commercial innovations that consistently push the limits of the technology sector. This study did a comprehensive descriptive analysis to investigate information regarding Apple's business innovation through in-depth case study analysis. Apple's business innovation extends beyond tangible items to encompass the ecosystem and total customer experience. Apple revolutionizes our interaction with technology through its integrated strategy, emphasis on design, and astute market analysis. However, there are ongoing difficulties in sustaining levels of innovation, being competitive, and retaining client loyalty in this constantly evolving era.

Innovation and Appropriation in the Argentine Family Business

Family businesses fulfil a fundamental role in the economy as they constitute a vast majority of companies in different countries and sectors and make an important contribution to employment, production and generating value. Nevertheless, they occupy a small space in the business and corporate literature, which generally studies the behaviour of companies without considering this feature. This is even more so in the literature on innovation, although family businesses also make a relevant contribution to the economy through productive, organisational and commercial innovations. This article intends to fill this gap in the Argentine case, analysing the innovative behaviour of these firms and, fundamentally, their appropriability strategies. To do so, empirical evidence is used from the most recent Argentine innovation survey (ENDEI II) which has data on 3,944 companies, of which 2,954 are family businesses. To analyse the link between the family nature of the businesses, their innovation activities and their appropriability strategies, the concept of familiness is resorted to, which alludes to those idiosyncratic elements that arise from the interaction of the family members and their participation in the business, imbuing it with its distinctive character.

The role of commercialization of high technologies in scientific and production cooperation

The article reveals the role and importance of types of high-tech products, taking into account international practice, domestic official statistics and classification of goods of foreign economic activity. It is established that in some cases innovative and high-tech products are identified. It is revealed that currently the most high-tech is the production of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, the production of computers, electronic and optical products; production of various air and space aircraft. The key regional leaders in the production of high-tech products in the world by region are considered. Based on the results of the consideration of the content of the concepts “innovation” and “technology”, “commercialization of innovations” and “commercialization of high-tech products”, the author’s vision of interpretations is proposed, with the justification that innovativeness actually acts as an additional feature of high-tech products. A study of the types of commercialization of high-tech products was conducted, according to the results of which the author’s classification was proposed according to the content, level of efficiency, number of subjects of commercialization, geographical coverage of subjects of commercialization and methods of financing.

Hurdles in University-Industry Technology Transfer: Why Research-Based Inventions are Not Transferred to the Market?

Despite their importance, previous literature on university-industry technology transfer has overlooked identifying the factors and the mechanisms inhibiting the successful commercialization of research-based inventions (RBIs). In this article, we adopt an inductive approach to explore the factors inhibiting the transfer of RBIs developed within universities to the market. We do so by conducting a case study on 15 RBIs developed within a prominent Italian technical university. Our results show that three main classes of inhibitors prevent the commercialization of RBIs: institutional, interpersonal, and cultural. Although all three factors are important in preventing knowledge and technology transfer between universities and their industrial ecosystem, we find out that relational inhibitors are the most prevalent ones, whereas institutional and cultural contribute to reinforcing the effect of relational inhibitors. We discuss how such inhibitors could be tackled by technology transfer ecosystem actors to eliminate obstacles to the transfer of knowledge and technologies from universities to industry; we also discuss the effectiveness of formal policies and instruments in lowering such inhibitors.

Formality, innovation and entrepreneurial business performance in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa

PurposeRecent work in the economics of innovation in developing countries increasingly considers the formality of business as a determining factor of economic development. However, current knowledge on how formality determines both innovation and business performance remains mixed. This article examines this relationship by analyzing, on the one hand, the role of formality on innovation and, on the other hand, the moderating effect of formality on the relationship between innovation and the performance of business in francophone Sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 1,369 Cameroonian and Senegalese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the International Development Research Center (IDRC), the Crepon Duguet et Maraise (CDM) technique was used to reduce the endogeneity bias inherent in this type of analysis.FindingsThe results show that formal companies have a better capacity for innovation. In addition, formality positively moderates the relationship between innovation and the performance of businesses in the case of product and commercial innovations. On the other hand, it negatively moderates the relationship between innovation and the performance for process and organizational innovations.Practical implicationsThese results show that the advantages of formalization widely relayed by national public institutions and international organizations can present a risk for business if the expected gains are not accompanied by innovations.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to research by taking into account the heterogeneity of firms because it is one of the first to study formality as a moderator in the relationship between innovation and firm performance in Sub-Saharan African economies.

Theoretical principles of financial and economic stimulation of the development of smart industry

The article examines the research of scientists on the development of a new industrial policy and analyzes papers devoted to assessing financial and economic incentives for the development of new technologies, innovations, smart industry and Industry 4.0. The intervention of state industrial policy in cases where the market fails to allocate resources effectively is analyzed, and the relevance of industrial policy is substantiated by economists and political leaders of the leading countries of the world. The theoretical foundations of the state innovation policy are defined, which is the link between the policy of scientific and technological progress and industrial policy aimed at developing principles for supporting the bringing of ideas and innovations to the market. It has been established that the widely used traditional instruments of innovation policy are government support for research organizations, primarily state universities and scientific institutes. Other common tools for financial and economic stimulation of industry are competitive funding of research (both fundamental and applied), fiscal preferences (tax incentives and subsidies) for R&D by industrial enterprises, and government support for technology transfer. Foreign studies of the theoretical aspects of financial and economic stimulation of development are systematized and grouped into the following areas: justification of state support for research organizations and competitive financing of scientific projects, assessment of the effectiveness of the use of fiscal preferences for R&D, analysis of the impact of state support in the process of technology transfer for the development of smart industry and stimulating the development and commercialization of innovations (patent box mode). An example is given of one of the areas of modern research into financial support for stimulating a particular industry – fiscal preferences for the production and sales of electric vehicles and charging stations. It has been established that financial and economic incentives for the development of new technologies and their implementation in the smart industry have a positive impact on the development of start-ups, innovation activities, the development of new products, an increase in the number of patents, additional output volumes, growth in investment and employment. It would be advisable to focus further research on analyzing the experience of foreign countries in stimulating the development of smart industry with the help of financial instruments (including fiscal instruments).

Commercialisation time and licensing performance of university inventions: the moderating role of university inventors

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between time and performance in the commercialisation of university-originated inventions. Focusing on the commercialisation time, defined as the time taken for a lab-scale invention to be developed for commercial sale, we investigate whether there is any systematic association between commercialisation time and the licensing revenue generated by university-originated inventions. Analysing a sample of inventions from Stanford University, we find that both pre- and postlicensing time of commercialisation are negatively associated with its licensing revenue. We also find that the negative relationship between the postlicensing time of commercialisation and licensing revenue is contingent on the inventor’s orientation towards university-industry collaboration. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings as well as future avenues of research in technology commercialisation.

Competencies and Capabilities for the Management of Sustainable Rural Development Projects in the Value Chain: Perception from Small and Medium-Sized Business Agents in Jauja, Peru

The guinea pig value chain in Jauja, Peru, has been developed through the application of productive projects, institutional strengthening, and implementation of the Principles of Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI). Given the smallholding conditions of the Jauja territory and the proliferation of commercial guinea pig breeding, the actors in this chain constitute a key human capital for development. To improve the performance of the actors in the sustainable rural development of the territory of Jauja, Peru, the research carried out an evaluation of the competencies and capabilities for project management in 46 actors linked to the business programme on the CFS-RAI Principles, representing 1094 people in the guinea pig value chain in Jauja, using the Working With People (WWP) model and empirical instruments based on the Octagon method, project management competence evaluation, performance evaluation carried out by experts, attitudinal evaluation. and the Business Model Canvas. The results have helped to structure the actors of the value chain, who show an intermediate mastery of project management competencies (2.73/5), institutional capabilities in development (2.89/7), and a growing organisational management performance (26.2/100). In addition, trust and proactivity have been generated among the actors in the chain, with an interest in continuing with the implementation of the CFS-RAI Principles in order to achieve sustainability in their productive projects with commercial innovation. The results have allowed us to generate the design of an innovative programme for the development of competencies, which balances the three dimensions of project management competencies (perspective, people, and practice), as defined by the International Project Management Association (IPMA), in connection with the CFS-RAI Principles. Both processes complement the strengthening of human capital in agrifood value chains through sustainable project management and contributing to sustainable development in the region.