Commercial Street Research Articles

English

This study aimed to analyze the bacteriological profile of commercially prepared pork sold along commercial streets of Nkwen through Bambili in Cameroon. A total of 11 duplicate randomly collected pork samples were analyzed microbiologically for bacteria. All the pork meat samples analyzed confirmed the presence of bacterial pathogens, indicating the need for strict implementation of food sanitation practices to reduce the possible risk of transmission of infection on consumption of these prepared pork. The mean microbial load on the cooked pork meat ranged between 1.9 x 104 - 3.8 x 104 cfu/g and total coliform count between 1.1 x 103-3.0 x 103 cfu/g. The bacterial isolated includes: Staphyloccocus aureus (81.8%) which was the most predominant, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (72.7%), Escherichia coli (54.4%), Salmonella spp. (45.4%), Proteus vulgaris (27%) and Shigella spp. (9%). The presence of these organisms in cooked pork meat foods should receive particular attention, because their presence indicate public health hazard and give warning signal for the possible occurrence of food borne intoxication. Key words: Nkwen/Bambili, Escherichia coli, pork meat, total coliforms, bacteria.

Community Inhabitants’ Attitudes on the Partitioning of Urban Space Derived from South-Eastern Asian Migrant Workers’ Gathering in Urban Commercial Area—A Case Study on Tainan City, Kaohsiung City and Taichung City in Taiwan

This study is to explore south-eastern Asian migrant workers’ impacts and their influential factors of gathering/consumption activities on divided cities in Tainan City, Kaohsiung City and Taichung City. We will take on an empirical study in the cities’ commercial area or shopping street in three cities. Three major research methods are applied, including questionnaire survey, participant observation and regression analysis. Data will be obtained from the questionnaire answers of local inhabitants and analysed via SPSS10.3 statistical methods. The main outcomes of this study are as follows: 1) In Tainan City, Kaohsiung City and Taichung City, we have found that the partitioning of urban space has begun to become. Among this, the outcome of Taichung City is much stronger than that of the two other cities. 2) In the impacts of migrant workers’ gathering on commercial streets, community inhabitants also have more tolerant attitude than shop keepers. The community inhabitants of Taichung City have more hostile than those of the two other cities. 3) In comparison of South-eastern Asian migrant workers’ gathering in urban commercial area and its relations between the partitioning of urban space, from the viewpoint of local inhabitants, we have found different influential factors among Tainan City, Kaohsiung City and Taichung City. We can say that these factors will be valid predictable variables on divided cities resulted from migrant workers’ gathering/consumption activities in the paper. In the meantime, we can obtain these influential factors among these three cities through two variables: 1) community inhabitants’ socio-economic attributes and 2) community inhabitants’ responses to migrant workers’ gathering/consumption activities in commercial area. Basically we can find these influential factors among the paper which are the same as the Netherlands and Singapore, and not the same as Guangzhou, China.

Rua Augusta and Carnaby Street: The street as a setting for youth sociability in the 1960s

Abstract This article discusses the creation of youth culture in the 1960s, focusing on the meaning of the urban space as a place of sociability for the youth of the day. The streets that were centres of youth sociability and culture in the 1960s, as Rua Augusta in São Paulo and Carnaby Street, the nucleus of the effervescence then called Swinging London, are the core of this analysis, and a comparison is drawn between both places. In Brazil, the establishment of youth culture is also related to the development of consumer habits and the occupation of an urban space. Rua Augusta constituted a locale for this growing public in the city of São Paulo. In the middle of the Jardins district, this commercial street was a scene of freedom, and used to be closed off on Saturdays, when it would turn into a sort of a boulevard. This street acted as a showcase for a new sociability and a space where youth could coexist, nourishing recognition and identity.

A Study on Protection, Renovation and Styles Continuity of Historical Street - Taking the Center Street of Dingzhou City in Hebei Province as an Example

The protection of historical street plays an irreplaceable role in historic continuity of ancient city. This article takes Center Street of Dingzhou city in Hebei Province as an example, the evolution process of Center Street is analyzed, and the value of historical and cultural characteristics is summarized. The major problems and reasons of historical style are discussed from aspects of street scale, land functions and landscape style, etc. Planning thoughts on relocating Center Street, continuing the historical style of Song Dynasty and constructing vigorous commercial streets are proposed. Historic styles remediation goals of Center Street are determined. Specific planning ideas are proposed, including taking streets as axis to form five important historical nodes from south to north, including South Gate, South Street guhuai, Kaiyuan Temple, Dingzhou Museum and Temple, and updating the constructions on streets, continuing historic features of Song Dynasty, enhancing landscape and environmental construction and improving street traffic conditions.

Measuring transportation at a human scale: An intercept survey approach to capture pedestrian activity

Pedestrian travel data are critical for measuring and analyzing sustainable transportation systems. However, traditional household travel surveys and analysis methods often ignore secondary modes, such as walking from a street parking space to a store entrance or walking from a bus stop to home. New data collection and analysis techniques are needed, especially in areas where walking is common. This paper describes an intercept survey methodology used to measure retail pharmacy customer travel to, from, and within 20 shopping districts in the San Francisco Bay Area. Of the 1003 respondents, 959 (96 percent) reported all modes of travel used from leaving home until returning home, including secondary modes. Walking was the primary travel mode on 21 percent of respondent tours, but an analysis of secondary modes found that 52 percent of tours included some walking. Pedestrian travel was particularly common within shopping districts, accounting for 65 percent of all trips within 804 meters (0.5 miles) of survey stores. Detailed walking path data from the survey showed that respondents in denser, more mixed-use shopping districts tended to walk along the main commercial street as well as other streets connecting to the core shopping area, while respondent pedestrian movements in automobile-oriented shopping districts tended to be contained within specific shopping complexes.

구도심 가로경관에 대한 집단별 인식차이 연구 -김해시 구도심을 중심으로-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of opinion among the user groups in revitalizing the old urban center. To this end, the old downtown commercial street users in Gimhae traders, local and foreign visitors were surveyed. To examine the statistical significance, the chi-square test was performed. There were differences of opinion among three groups about the present condition and improvement of the street. Therefore, in activating the old commercial street we should reflect not only the opinions of merchants but also those of visitors. The results of this study are intended to be used as a reference to the revitalization of old commercial street.

Rethink Your Public Space: Community Events in Gentrified Brooklyn

Retail and demographic gentrification is well documented in the social sciences, but few studies have examined the impact of this process on a neighborhood's public spaces. This paper focuses on an annual street closure event in Williamsburg, Brooklyn -a former working class neighborhood that is now attracting wealthy members of the upper class. 'Williamsburg Walks,' part of a New York City initiative, eliminates car traffic on the main commercial street for select summer weekends. Residents and visitors are encouraged to 'rethink' their use of the street during the closure. However merchants, residents, and event organizers each have different motives and expectations for 'Williamsburg Walks.' While the event aims to create more public space and 'a celebration of neighborhood,' it also serves an implicit goal of branding the neighborhood for the wealthy at the exclusion of long-term residents. I analyze 'Williamsburg Walks' in terms of a branding strategy using ethnographic data from the 2008-2010 events.

The locational change of large-scale retail stores and the decline in existing commercial streets in the central commercial district of metropolitan suburb

The locational change of large-scale retail stores and the decline in existing commercial streets in the central commercial district of metropolitan suburb

Trace Metal Contamination Influenced by Land Use, Soil Age, and Organic Matter in Montreal Tree Pit Soil

The short life span of many street trees in the Montreal downtown area may be due in part to higher than standard concentrations of trace metals in the tree pit soils. The effects of land use, soil organic matter, and time since tree planting in a given tree pit (soil age) were studied with respect to the total concentration of trace metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in soil collected from tree pits on commercial and residential streets. Contingency table analysis and multiple linear regression were applied to study how these variables were related to the total concentrations of trace metals in soil. Other variables, such as pH, street width, distance of the tree pit from the curb, and tree pit volume, were also used as input to statistical analysis to increase the analysis' explanatory power. Significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb were observed in soils from commercial streets, possibly as a result of heavier traffic as compared with residential streets. Soil organic matter was positively correlated with the concentrations of Cu and Pb, probably due to the ability of organic matter to retain these trace metals. Nickel, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were positively correlated with the soil age presumably because trace metals accumulate in the tree pit soil over time. This knowledge can be helpful in providing soil quality standards aimed at improving the longevity of downtown street trees.

Experimentally Determined the Structure of Crowd Formation Recognition Model with K2

The identifying accuracy of crowd formation recognition models are typically tailored to the type of structure of model, or a specific scene domain. In this paper, we explore the sub-optimal structure of crowd formation model with K2 algorithm. Experimental results show that the recognition model structure taking into account at most two parents performs better than others on a data set generated from Xidan Commercial Street.

Research on Mixed Vitality of Historic District and Space Mode Optimization: A Comparison between Hefang Street and Xinyifang in Hangzhou

Historic district is a main carrier of urban context. So from the perspective of mixed organization of public space, on the one hand, this paper analyzes the space features and mechanism of commercial pedestrian street by comparing Hefang Street with Xinyifang, these two representative historic districts in Hangzhou, in three aspects of location characteristic, function composition and space mode; on the other hand, with the investigation and analysis of users demand and satisfaction, this paper explores characteristics of using mixed vitality in optimizing the space mode of commercial pedestrian street of Hangzhou historic district. Finally, the space mode optimization strategy on regional characteristics is provided to further improve Hangzhou historical and cultural characteristics and public space vitality.

Study on the Design Strategy of Commercial Pedestrian Street in Cold Regions Based on the Conditions of Microclimate

By pointing out problems of the micro climate environment in urban commercial pedestrian streets in cold regions, and around typical issues of cold climate: cold wind, sunshine and temperature, this paper proposes design strategies that embody fully chill feature and stress the influence of winter climate.

Research on Space Design in Daqing Commercial Street Based on Ecological and Livable City Construction

Requirements of Daqing ecological and livable city construction were analyzed. The problems of space design in Daqing commercial street including energy-saving, spatial scales, transportation planning, and environmental facilities were analyzed. Space design measures including humane care, high efficiency and low energy-saving, regional expression and diversity space are proposed.

Study on Regional Expression of Space Design in City Commercial Pedestrian Street

The significance of the regional expression for space design in commercial pedestrian street was described. Problems including planning and design, space characteristics, environmental facilities, transport planning and space layout were analyzed. Finally, regional expression strategy of space design are put forward, that include the expression of regional culture of cities, identified space, composite space form and perfect transportation planning.

Signs, streets, and storefronts: a history of architecture and graphics along America's commercial corridors

Signs, Streets, and Storefronts addresses more than 200 years of signs and place-marking along America's commercial corridors. From small-town squares to Broadway, State Street, and Wilshire Boulevard, Martin Treu follows design developments into the present and explores issues of historic preservation. Treu considers architecture and its place-defining business signs as well as influential high-style design examples by taste-making leaders. Combining advertising and architectural history, the book presents a full picture of the commercial landscape, including design adaptations made for motorists and the migration from Main Street to suburbia. The dynamic between individual businesses and the common good has a major effect on the appearance of our country's Main Streets. Several forces are at work: technological advances, design imagination and the media, corporate propaganda, customer needs, and municipal mandates. Present-day controls have often led to a denuding of traditional commercial corridors. Such reform, Treu argues, has suppressed originality and radically cleared away years of accumulated history based on the taste of a single generation. A must-read for city planners, town councils, architects, sign designers, concerned citizens, and anyone who cares about the appearance and vitality of America's commercial streets, this heavily illustrated book is equally appealing to armchair historians, small-town enthusiasts, and lovers of Americana.

Fear, Security, and the Spread of CCTV in Brazilian Cities: Legislation, Debate, and the Market

Latin America has shown itself to be a fertile ground for the proliferation of surveillance cameras, especially in retail and in small-scale private security (homes, condominiums, shopping malls, etc.). In Brazil, this proliferation has occurred for three main reasons: the absence of specific legislation regulating how these systems are used; the limited scope of the debate about the deployment of surveillance technology and the implications of its widespread use; and a growing atmosphere of urban fear that affects the way people live in and move around large and medium-sized cities. In a study carried out in Brazil and Mexico and funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), various aspects of the use of surveillance technologies were mapped and described, focusing on existing legislation, related studies, research centers, current technologies and the market. In this article we present some of the results of this research as they relate to the proliferation of video surveillance in Brazil. The Brazilian market for video surveillance, which has grown steadily since the 1980s, is now booming, reflecting the growing interest this technology holds for the (property and personal) security market as well as the real estate market. Over the past 30 years, this interest centered on public areas with large numbers of people, such as parks, squares, and major commercial streets, or private spaces such as shopping malls, sports centers, and event centers. However, in recent years there has been an expansion in the security market as a result of the gentrification of large residential areas in medium-sized cities and metropolitan regions in Brazil. A consequence of these developments in the real estate market has been, indirectly, a growth in the use of CCTV systems as crime- and violence-prevention tools by small, medium-sized, and large private security companies targeting all social classes. In this study, we highlight the following aspects of video surveillance in Brazil: regulation of the use and proliferation of CCTV; involvement of the scientific community through debate and academic training; and the technologies used in electronic surveillance as a response to a growing demand by the urban security and real estate markets.

Urban regeneration of commercial streets in old downtown area through public design projects - ‘Gwangbok-ro cultural street’in the city of Busan -

Background As the importance of urban regeneration increases, the urban regeneration of neglected downtown areas is initiated as a priority. The researched area was formerly the liveliest part of the city but it became stagnated. The revitalization of commercial streets in neglected downtown areas through public design is rising as an alternative plan for urban regeneration and several such projects are active in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic study on urban regeneration in neglected downtown areas. Methods I have selected three sites: Gwangbok-ro Cultural Street in Busan City; Jung-gu ‘Cultural Street’ in Ulsan City; and ‘Changdong Art Village’ in Changwon City for the case study. I have also analyzed three cases by contents, maker, process and motivation of regeneration. Those streets are major commercial streets in neglected downtowns areas in the three big cities of Korea’s south-east region. These have been recently regenerated through public design projects. Results Based on the results of this study, the suggestions from the case study are as follows; 1. Public design projects need to integrate design projects. 2. Organization based on a system of governance is required as the street makers. 3. Sustainable management and upgrading of new items are required. Conclusion People say that streets are primary places for city life. As the vitality of the street can make the city active, we can achieve regeneration of the city through the revitalization of streets in neglected downtown areas.

The Chinese’s Perspective on the Colonized Korean Capital City who Travelled in Korea

Chinese people are not unfamiliar with the capital city of Korea or Seoul. Chinese envoys have begun their visits to this beautiful city surrounded by rivers and mountains since the capital was settled in Soul in Joseon Dynasty. After opening the port, with the enhancement of Sino-Korean relationship, more and more Chinese came to this city. Among these people, there were many great names in the history of modern China such as Wu Chang qing, Yuan Shi Kai, Zhang Jian and Zeng Ji Ze who however were sent to Seoul with missions as signed by government and common people had few opportunities to travel there but to get to know this city from text records.<BR> During the reign of Japan’s colonization, though Sino-Korean relationship was at themercy of Japan at first, then on governmental communication increased:more and more Chinese with various purposes came to Seoul, especially some Chineses cholars travelled in Seoul for study or research, and for travelling and sightseeing. What they had seen and had heard has been recorded in words which are a great treasure for us to know Seoul under the colonized rule.<BR> In modern Chinese people’s eyes, the colonized Korean capital city was no longer the “Seoul” that they had been familiar to, but the one full of modern flavor. There were bustling commercial streets and well-developed transportation system and perfect municipal man agement all of which presented a modern city before Chinese travelers. The appearance of Seoul had great changes while the owner of the city was also changed. Korean people who had been living there for many generations were replaced by extraneous Japanese, reducing victims being conquered. They have nothing to do with the prosperity or the progress of the capital city. They had to live in the places full of dirty streets, a totally different world.<BR> The 500-year inheritance of Joseon Dynasty, the majestic palaces and the beautiful gardens in Seoul all reveal the time-honored and splendid Korean culture whoses plendor however was enshrouded by the shadow of colonia lrule.<BR> As a traveler staying in Seoul for a short time, some Chinese were amazed at the great changes of the capital city and admired Japanese colonists’ “governance achievement” while most of the Chinese travelers from these changes saw the destroy of colonial rule to Korean people, Korean culture and Korean spirit which made them realize that the only thing brought into by the imposed “progress” and “development” is harm and destroy.

Nonconformity and Street Design in West Hollywood, California

Nonconforming people and activities challenge municipal governments. Using the US city of West Hollywood, California, as a case study, this paper argues planning tools such as design interventions for commercial streets cannot intentionally include nonconforming people or activities. West Hollywood drew national attention when it incorporated in 1984 as a progressive city with unique demographics, most notably a high percentage of gay residents. In the subsequent decades, it became a more exclusive city of leisure and entertainment. This case study helps explain why the redesign of its commercial streets became more exclusive despite the city's continued progressive politics and commitment to diversity.

Fire Risk Assessment Procedure of Underground Commercial Street Based on Infectious Disease Model

The fire risks of spreading trends and spreading processes of Underground Commercial Street were digitalized in this work combining with the analog of the ‘infection propagation’ model, and a dynamic fire risk model was established with the consideration of fire risk flow. This investigation will provide effective data support for the initial planning, designing and fire prevention in various stages of Underground Commercial Street.