Commercial Stocks Research Articles

Рыбохозяйственная характеристика сига (Coregonus lavaretus L.) и судака (Sander lucioperca L.) Выгозерского водохранилища (водосбор Белого моря)

The Vygozero Reservoir has the status of a reservoir of republican subordination, and fishing there is carried out mainly by fishermen of the Segezha region of the Republic of Karelia. The Vygozero Reservoir contributes 3-7% to the total volume of fish catch in Karelia and occupies 5–6 place in terms of catch among 12 fishing reservoirs of the Republic of Karelia. In this regard, the problem of monitoring the populations of valuable commercial fish species of the Vygozero Reservoir is urgent at the present stage. First of all, zander and whitefish are among species with TAC (total allowable catch) in the Vygozero Reservoir. There are given the results of works carried out within the framework of the state projects and economic contractual topics of the North Research Institute of Fishery under Petrozavodsk State University, Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences for assessing the stock and production of whitefish and zander in the Vygozero (Vygozero-Onda) Reservoir. Whitefish should be taken into the commercial operation from the age of 5+, and zander from the age of 7+ and older. The performed calculations of the stock size based on the data of 2005–2020 allow the TAC volume for whitefish today to be up to 3 tons, or 20.8% of the commercial stock amount (with the maximum norm of 23.4%), zander 18 tons, or 17.7% of the stock (norm = 18.6%). As a result of the calculations and studies, recommendations were made for the rational use of whitefish and zander in the Vygozero Reservoir at the present stage.

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL MORTGAGE CUSTOMERS’ ABILITY TO REPAY LOANS ON TIME AT KIEN LONG COMMERCIAL JOINT STOCK BANK, CAN THO BRANCH, VIETNAM

This study examined the factors affecting the ability of individual mortgage customers to repay loans on time at Kien Long Commercial Joint Stock Bank, Can Tho branch. Data were collected from the records of 150 individual mortgage customers with mortgage loans outstanding as of December 31, 2021, at the Kien Long Commercial Joint Stock Bank, Can Tho branch, using non-probability sampling, of which 119 repaid their loans on time. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software with methods used such as descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression for six proposed factors: occupation, loan term, education level, income, guaranted property value, loan amount, and purpose of capital use. The research results show all six factors affecting the ability of individual mortgage borrowers to repay loans on time at a good statistical significance level. Based on the obtained results, the study offered several recommendations and policy implications to help improve individual mortgage customers’ ability to repay loans on time, contributing to minimizing risks for the bank.

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) assessment approaches in the North and Baltic Sea: A comparison of environmental DNA analysis versus bottom trawl sampling

The assessment of fish stocks is often dependent on scientific trawl fisheries surveys, which are both invasive and costly. The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples is regarded as a non-invasive and cost-effective alternative, but meaningful performance evaluations are required for a wider application. The goal of this study was to comparatively analyze a newly developed, more sensitive real-time PCR based eDNA approach with bottom trawl fisheries catches to locally detect and quantify Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the North and Baltic Seas. With a species-specificity of the qPCR assay of 100%, a minimal limit of 15 Cytochrome b eDNA copies was determined for the detection of cod. In addition, a Gaussian processing regression proved a significant correlation (95%) between eDNA (copies per L of water) and cod biomass (CPUE/Ha) found by bottom trawling. The results presented here prove the potential of eDNA analyses for quantitative assessments of commercial fish stocks in the open ocean, although additional comparative analyses are needed to demonstrate its performance under different oceanographic conditions.

Management of fisheries and restoration of whitefish-nelmushka commercial stocks in Kubenskoye Lake of Vologda Region

The purpose of this article is analysis of the relevance of whitefish commercial fisheries regulation in Kubenskoye Lake and development of measures to preserve the endemic whitefish population, increase its commercial stocks and catches.The material for the study is the statistics of whitefish-nelmushka catches in Kubenskoye Lake and the longterm dynamics of the size and age characteristics, terms of puberty.The research methods: field ichthyological materials were collected and processed according to standard methods; the fishing stocks were estimated based on the results of the analysis of non-water fishing catches, as well as taking into account the volume of water filtered by fixed fishing nets per unit of time.Results: the long-term dynamics of whitefish-nelmushka catches are described in the article. The effectiveness of its fisheries regulation has been studied. Fishing does not have a significant impact on the whitefish abundance dynamics. The exclusion of whitefish from the category of aquatic biological resources, in respect of which the total allowable catch is established, is justified in the article. The size and age population characteristics of the whitefish, age of puberty last years have been summarized in the article.Practical significance: artificial reproduction of the Kubenskoye Lake whitefish is recommended to be carried out to restore the population abundance, which is significant for the preservation of the gene pool of the polymorphic species Coregonus lavaretus. Recommendations on changing the Fishing Rules for the Northern Fishery Basin to reduce the legal size for whitefish-nelmushka were developed for the implementation of commercial and recreation fisheries.

Large-scale building-integrated photovoltaics installation on building façades: Hourly resolution analysis using commercial building stock in Tokyo, Japan

The installation of photovoltaic (PV) modules is one of the most effective measures for decarbonizing urban building stock. The considerable potential of the process has been demonstrated using building-integrated PV (BIPV) modules. Earlier studies have provided significant knowledge about the PV potential of buildings, but a detailed investigation of the large-scale installation of BIPV modules on building façades has not been undertaken. In the present study, a model for estimating the hourly PV potential of building surfaces on a regional scale was developed and applied to commercial building stock in Tokyo, Japan. Analytical results showed that the generated PV power would be capable of satisfying 15%–48% of the annual electricity demand of the building stock in 2050, based on the extent to which the PV potential of building surfaces, especially façades, was exploited. This demonstrates the usefulness of BIPV for achieving a decarbonized society. Additionally, hourly estimation results showed that, if a higher economic efficiency is pursued, the use of large-scale installation of BIPV together with rooftop-mounted PV could increase the PV power generation without altering the hourly PV power fluctuation. However, electricity demand and generation analyses revealed the negative impacts of the larger-scale BIPV installation on the power system: The reduction in asset utilization and the increase in the need for flexibility. The findings of this study promise to be useful to policymakers in formulating guidelines for the use of BIPV modules.

Fish-spawning channel consisting of Kochetovsky waterworks facility on the Don river (variants of layout and design solutions)

The relevance of the development of technical solutions for the Kochetovsky fish-spawning channel is predetermined by the ongoing degradation of populations and a decrease in commercial fish stocks in the Azov-Don fishery basin. One of the reasons for the current and deteriorating fishing conditions on the Lower Don is a decrease in the volume of natural reproduction of passing and semi-passing fish. The necessary volumes of natural reproduction of commercial herds can be provided by creating conditions for spawning migrations and spawning of fish in the Don River. This task can be solved to a certain extent by the creation of the Kochetovsky fish-spawning channel, which predetermined the purpose of the study to develop a technical justification for the possibility of its device and layout and design solutions. The factual basis was the data of surveys and studies carried out at the Kochetovsky waterworks facility. Surveys, surveys and studies were carried out in compliance with generally accepted methods, and the development of layout and structural solutions of structures using search design technologies. Two competing versions of the canal arrangement with its location along the bank of the Don River and along the riverbed of the Barsovka River have been developed. Both of the proposed solutions take into account the conditions of their device and ensure their functioning according to their intended purpose — to create conditions for the passage and spawning of fish. Each of the options has certain technical and fish science advantages, characterized by different possibilities for attracting fish to the channel, their passage from the lower reaches of the hydroelectric power plant to the upper and spawning in the channel tract. The work was carried out in the order of pre-design study, which determines the technical feasibility of the fish-spawning channel and establishes its hydrometric parameters. The choice of the option from the two proposed is proposed to be carried out by specialists of the fisheries sector, taking into account the ratio of the potential possibilities of channels for passing and spawning certain species and quantities of fish, and their technical and economic indicators.

An evidence-based rationale for a North American commercial bumble bee clean stock certification program

The commercial production and subsequent movement of bumble bees for pollination of agricultural field and greenhouse crops is a growing industry in North America and globally. Concerns have been raised about the impacts of pathogen spillover from managed bees to wild pollinators, including from commercial bumble bees. We recommend development of a program to mitigate disease risk in commercial bumble bee production, which will in turn reduce disease stressors on wild pollinators and other insects. We provide recommendations for the components of a clean stock program with specific best management practices for rearing commercial bumble bees including related products such as wax, pollen, and nesting material.

Extending urban energy transitions to the mid-tier: Insights into energy efficiency from the management of HVAC maintenance in ‘mid-tier’ office buildings

Older, smaller and poorer quality commercial buildings (the ‘mid-tier’) make up much of the commercial building stock and are crucial for urban energy transitions. Action must extend beyond new commercial buildings and high-end building retrofit projects to realise deep decarbonisation of the built environment. Mid-tier buildings offer substantial opportunity for energy retrofits, though the sector lags behind premium office buildings. Comparatively, different ownership structures, tenant profiles, and facilities management regimes challenge the value-proposition for energy transition, and little is known about how to leverage energy performance improvements in this crucial sector. Focussing on the management of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems as an entry point for improvement, this paper presents empirical evidence from the largest survey conducted with Australian HVAC contractors, facility managers, and system engineers to date. The results explicate the realities of managing energy in mid-tier office buildings in Australia as a socio-technical undertaking. Our analysis identifies limits and opportunities for shaping energy efficiency of HVAC maintenance, focussed on issues pertaining to workforce, building and systems, and maintenance practices. Further, we draw out policy imperatives needed to address hurdles created by multiple market failures that complicate energy transition in mid-tier buildings.

Regime shift dynamics, tipping points and the success of fisheries management

Recovery of depleted fish stocks is an important goal for fisheries management and crucial to sustain important ecosystem functions as well as global food security. Successful recovery requires adjusting fishing mortality to stock productivity but can be prevented or inhibited by additional anthropogenic impacts such as climate change. Despite management measures to recover fish stocks being in place in legislations such as the European Union´s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), recovery can be hindered by the occurrence of regime shift dynamics. Such non-linear discontinuous dynamics imply tipping points and bear the characteristics of abrupt change, hysteresis and non-stationary functional relationships. We here used the recent reform of the CFP as a natural experiment to investigate the existence of regime shift dynamics and its potential effects on the recovery potential on six strongly fished or even depleted commercial fish stocks in the North Sea. Using a set of statistical approaches we show that regime shift dynamics exist in all six fish stocks as a response to changes in fishing pressure and temperature. Our results furthermore demonstrate the context-dependence of such dynamics and hence the ability of management measures to rebuild depleted fish stocks, leading to either failed recovery or positive tipping.

Fishing industry in the Irkutsk Region: resource potential, development, current situation

The major natural reserves of inland water resources in the Russian Federation have high fishing value and allow large-scale fishing activities. One of the regions where these water resources are localized is the Irkutsk Region. Within its borders there are parts of the largest Baikal-Angarsk and Verkhnelensk water basins with a very developed river network, with reservoirs and lakes, where dozens of fish species live in natural conditions, including those of industrial importance. This article provides a brief overview of the structure and reserves of the water resources, their distribution over the territory of the Irkutsk Region. The main fishing areas are specified and the assessment regarding their fishing potential and commercial stocks is made. An overview of the fishing potential of the Irkutsk water area of Lake Baikal and large reservoirs of the Angara cascade of hydroelectric power plants is given. The history of the development of fishing industry in the region is demonstrated. The article concludes that in the water bodies of the region there are stocks of commercial fish species, which are currently poorly developed or almost not used (being practically untouched in natural conditions). The poor development is due to both natural and climatic and economic and geographical reasons.

Tatoo Ink, Magnetism and Sensation of Burn during Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Introduction of Hand-Held Magnet Testing of Commercial Tattoo Ink Stock Products prior to Use.

Cosmetic tattoos may cause burning sensation during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and interrupt the procedure, and thereby any diagnostic workup. Tattoos also may cause disturbing artefacts in MRI images. The sensation, which can be painful, is due to magnetic elements in the tattoo ink deposited in the tattooed skin. It is not a thermal burn but a subjective sensation of burning. Tattoo ink bottles can be tested for magnetic properties by the artist in the studio, before cosmetic tattooing is performed, using a simple magnet test. This test and the pitfalls of the test are described. Hospital departments and clinics should be aware of the problem, and patients assessed prior to MRI regarding their tattoos, particularly eyebrows and eyeliners made in brown and dark colors. Red tattoos exemplified by tattooed lips are not prone to MRI-induced burning sensation. The problem is related to inorganic pigments with ferromagnetic properties.

Cosmetic and Medical Tattoos, National and International Regulatory Requirements on Instruments and Commercial Ink Stock Products.

This chapter explains the international regulative framework on equipment and inks for cosmetic and medical tattooing. In the following text, the word "tattooing" refers to body tattooing, permanent makeup, and microblading. From a global perspective, regulation of equipment for cosmetic (decorative) tattooing, and especially inks, is inconsistent and mainly based on a diversity of national laws. In contrast, regulation of equipment for medical tattooing is subjected to the internationally harmonized medical devices regulation. Even though dermal invasiveness and biological mode of action are identical for cosmetic and medical tattooing, the regulatory requirements are separated in two divergent regulative frameworks.

Biological resources of Lake Kroshnozero (North-West of Russia)

A comprehensive analysis of plankton and benthic communities, composition, structure and quantitative characteristics indicate that the ecosystem of Lake Kroshnozero has a eutrophic status or a transitional one between the β-mesotrophic and α-eutrophic. Plankton communities are in a stable state and provide a sustainable food base for planktivores fishes. A slight decrease in the quantitative indicators of benthos is possibly due to the methodological features of sampling and the underestimation of littoral communities. The composition and structure of benthic communities have been preserved since previous studies in the 50-90s of the last century. The ichthyofauna of Kroshnozero includes 13 fish species. Whitefish, zander, and vendace are fish of commercial importance. Fish of secondary importance are bream, perch, ruff, roach, and pike. Fish such as bleak, grayling sculpin, and burbot are relatively rare and do not serve as objects of fishing. Model calculations of fish productivity of planktivores, benthophages and predatory fish, taking into account losses to 2.3 kcal/m2 per season or 22.6 kg/ha. The average modelled ichthyomass is 4.6 kg/ha. Possible catches are one third of fish productivity equal to 7.5 kg/ha. To improve the quality and quantity of commercial stocks, recommendations are given to preserve the conditions for the reproduction and growth of valuable fish.

Preliminary assessment of the number and commercial stock of Yellowcheck Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) Amur river

Yellowcheck Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1845) is a valuable commercial species. In 2020, after more than twenty years of a ban on fishing, the yellowcheck removed from the list of fish in the Red Book of Russia. Based on the data of scientific research surveys by nets (2437 catches) of 2010–2021, an increase in its number in recent years in the Russian part of the Amur River basin, compared with the end of the XX century, is shown. This is confirmed by the expansion of the species’ range both up and down the Amur, as well as by the occurrence of yellowcheck migrants in the coastal waters of northwestern Sakhalin. At the same time, in absolute terms, the number of this predator is small. In order to solve the issue of introducing yellowcheck into the fishery, it is necessary to conduct studies to research many aspects of its biology, and, above all, growth, age structure, age of mass maturation, as well as to research the influence of Chinese fishing the current state of its biological resources. The obtained preliminary estimates of the commercial stock’s biomass of yellowcheck (9,2 tons) and its minimal possible catch (1,7 tons) allows starting these works.

A novel probabilistic survey method for at sea sampling in pelagic fisheries – the Norwegian catch sampling lottery

Reliable information on the age- and size-structure of the annual harvest of major commercial fish stocks is crucial input to analytical stock assessments. Such information is usually obtained from landing data (census of biomass) combined with biological sampling of selected landings. In this paper we describe a novel catch sampling method that we have developed and implemented for the major Norwegian pelagic fisheries that have annual landings around 1 million tonnes in recent years. The new sampling regime gradually implemented from 2018 is based on three pillars; probabilistic sampling of hauls, use of electronic logbook, and co-sampling. By a minor modification of the electronic logbook the vessels in the pelagic fishery now report the catch quantity at haul level immediately after each catch operation. This electronic report is automatically submitted to the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), where a random draw by computer in real time determines if a small sample of fish should be taken from that haul by the fishermen and be frozen and transported to IMR for analysis. Nearly 100% of the hauls annually goes through this “lottery”, and compliance (fraction of samples received) is currently around 60% and increasing. The sampling regime has been operationalized in cooperation with the fishing industry.

Researches of freshwater commercial fish species of the Amur river basin in 2018–2020 (biological state, abundance, distribution, and prospective targets of the fishery)

Studies of the species composition and relative biomass of freshwater commercial fish of the Amur River in different districts of Khabarovsk Krai, Jewish Autonomous Region, and Amur Oblast in the period from 2018 to 2020 were conducted. A comparative analysis of research net catches for the period 2018–2020 with research net catches for the period 2000–2017 is provided. An assessment of fishing pressure in different fishing areas over the past 10 years is given. There has been a significant decrease in the biomass of the commercial stock in areas with high fishing pressure. It presents promising targets for freshwater fish species that, for various reasons, are not used by the fishery today.

Walleye pollock of the Okhotsk Sea: history of fishery and current status

The purpose of the workis to review the history of the development of walleye pollock stocks in the of Okhotsk sea, to analyze the fishery and the state of its stocks.Methods:literature data, materials of long-term surveys by VNIRO (1997–2002) on the walleye pollock spawning grounds of Western Kamchatka, as well as the R/V «Professor Kaganovsky» in the spring of 2022 were used. Fishery statistics of OSM Monitoring.Results:The maximum walleye pollock catch (0.91 million tons) in the North Sea of Okhotsk subarea was achieved in 1995. In the period 1998–2001 annual catches averaged 510 thousand tons, in 2002–2008 decreased to 210 thousand tons. Over the past decade, there has been a gradual increase in catch from 286 thousand tons in 2009 to 383 thousand tons in 2020. Pollock catches in the West Kamchatka and Kamchatka-K uril subzones after high fishery rates achieved in 1996–1997 (1.2 million tons), began to decline, falling in 2004 to 191 thousand tons, after which a tendency to their increase appeared. In the period 2016–2019 catches walleye pollock of East Okhotsk sea stabilized at the level of 617–618 thousand tons, in 2020 the catch amounted to 681 thousand tons. The walleye pollock stock in the East Sakhalin subzone is currently at a low level, its gradual recovery began in the mid-2000s in 2019–2020. its catch was 110 thousand tons.Novelty:New data on walleye pollock stocks in the Okhotsk Sea are presented. Based on the results of a trawl survey conducted in the spring of 2022, the total number of walleye pollock in the Okhotsk Sea was estimated at 56.043 billion ind., biomass — 13.497 million tons, while the commercial stock was estimated at 10.413 million tons and 21.964 billion ind. Maps of the distribution of adult walleye pollock and eggs in the Okhotsk Sea in the spring of 2022 are given.Practical significance:data on the status of walleye pollock stocks in the Okhotsk Sea will be used to prepare TAC materials, as well as recommendations for rational fishery.

Neogobius bathybius (Kessler), как один из объектов прибрежного лова Дагестанского побережья Каспия

A brief historical reference is given on the state of bullheads and their stocks off the Dagestan coast of the Middle Caspian in the second half of the twentieth century. The data on catches and by-catch during the spawning migration of gobies in nets and seines when fishing for Vimba vimba and herring Clupeidae in the Tersko-Caspian fisheries subdistrict of the Republic of Dagestan 2018-2021 are presented. The biological parameters of the deep-sea goby ponticola bathybius, which is the most numerous in by-catches (90%) during the fishing period, are given. Data on the total and commercial stock of goby fish in this research area are presented.

Глубоководные брюхоногие моллюски трубачи Buccinidae – перспективные промысловые объекты в северной части Охотского моря

The article considers a state of commercial stocks of trumpeters in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk subzone at present stage of their research. Prospective objects of industrial fishing and areas of their extraction are given.

Russian honey bee genotype identification through enhanced marker panel set.

Russian honey bees (RHB) are a breeding population developed by USDA-ARS as an effort to provide Varroa-resistant honey bees to beekeepers. The selection strategy for this breeding population was the first in honey bees to incorporate genetic stock identification (GSI). The original GSI approach has been in use for over a decade, and though effective, novel technologies and analytical approaches recently developed provide an opportunity for improvement. Here we outline a novel genotyping assay that capitalizes on the markers used in the GSI as well as new loci recently identified in a whole genome pooled study of commercial honey bee stocks. Our approach utilizes a microfluidic platform and machine learning analyses to arrive at an accurate, high throughput assay. This novel approach provides an improved tool that can be readily incorporated into breeding decisions towards healthier more productive bees.