Commercial Fuels Research Articles

A study on the effect of different diluents on laminar burning velocity and flame stability of oxy-n-dodecane mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures

N-dodecane is one of the primary surrogate species of many commercial liquid fuels. The objective here was to measure the unstretched laminar burning velocity (LBV) and burned gas Markstein length (Lb) of oxy-n-dodecane mixtures having high-flame temperatures safely by adding a third party inert species using the spherically outwardly propagating flame (SPF) method. (100-Z)% (n-C12H26+(18.5 O2/ϕ)) +Z% (N2/CO2/H2O) mixtures were analysed at 400–450 K, 1–4 bar, ϕ=0.6–1.4, and Z: (a) N2=55–75%, (b) CO2/ H2O = 65%. N2 diluted mixtures were subjected to predominant thermal effects, whereas H2O/ CO2 diluted mixtures were affected by all the real-time effects like thermal & chemical, radiation and thermo-diffusive effects. The planar flame model in CHEMKIN was used to simulate LBV using You, JetsurF2.0, and PoliMi-1410 mechanisms. At 65% dilution, mixtures diluted with: (a) N2 had the highest LBV due to the high-flame temperature, (b) CO2 suppressed the LBV the most due to the thermal and chemical effects. Predicted LBV with You and JetsurF2.0 mechanisms showed an excellent agreement with the present measurements. PoliMi's kinetic scheme always over-predicted the LBV in the rich mixtures. The effect of thermal radiation on the LBV of CO2/H2O diluted mixtures was quantified using a freely propagating planar flame model with YaoSK54 mechanism and SNBCK radiation model. The diluted oxy-fuel mixtures generated stable flames towards thermo-diffusive effects at all the studied conditions. At a given thermodynamic condition, the flame's stability to the thermo-diffusive effects was the highest for the mixtures diluted with steam and it was followed by N2 and CO2 due to their respective Lewis numbers. If the flame temperature attained 2150 K or lower, the diluted oxy-n-dodecane mixtures at ϕ=1.4 were affected by thermo-diffusive instability. The sensitivity of the chain termination reaction H+OH+M↔H2O+M showed a transition from negative to positive at 0% N2 case.

Future Energy Supply Possibilities and their Implications on Nepal’s Energy Security

Nepal is 100% dependent on imported petroleum products as it has no as yet viable proven reserve. The import of petroleum is increasing at an alarming rate (15.2% annually) which is creating not only a burden on the national economy but also raising the issue of energy supply security and environmental degradation. In this study, eleven distinct significant indicators have been used to evaluate the energy security status of the country. Since there is no such detailed quantification of indicators carried out in previous research, this study can be a significant input to policymakers and planners. It also explores the policy intervention measures to improve energy security status in the context of a developing country that is increasingly dependent on imported commercial fuels. Five different scenarios have been developed considering 2017 as a base year and 2040 as an end year with different economic growth rates 4.5%, 7.2% and 9.2% as main driving parameter. Two additional policy intervention scenarios (Policy-I and Policy-II), prioritizing electrification to enhance energy security, have been analyzed. The energy demands have been projected using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED), while the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) tool has been used to analyze the supply, the energy supply requirement, fuel import dependence, cost, as well as the size of power plant requirement under different scenarios. The results manifest that there would be a reduction in Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) requirement by 1.14% and 8.7% under policy-I and Policy-II scenarios respectively in the year 2040, compared to the reference scenario (7.2%) resulting in improved energy security, economic vulnerability, and GHG mitigation. It indicates that the use of indigenous renewable energy resources mainly hydro is indispensable for ensuring the energy security of Nepal.

A Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste Review: A Systematic, Statistical, and Bibliometric Approach.

Global polystyrene (PS) production has been influenced by the lightness and heat resistance this material offers in different applications, such as construction and packaging. However, population growth and the lack of PS recycling lead to a large waste generation, affecting the environment. Pyrolysis has been recognized as an effective recycling method, converting PS waste into valuable products in the chemical industry. The present work addresses a systematic, bibliometric, and statistical analysis of results carried out from 2015 to 2022, making an extensive critique of the most influential operation parameters in the thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of PS and its waste. The systematic study showed that the conversion of PS into a liquid with high aromatic content (84.75% of styrene) can be achieved by pyrolysis. Discussion of PS as fuel is described compared to commercial fuels. In addition, PS favors the production of liquid fuel when subjected to co-pyrolysis with biomass, improving its properties such as viscosity and energy content. A statistical analysis of the data compilation was also discussed, evaluating the influence of temperature, reactor design, and catalysts on product yield.

Processing of heavy high-viscosity oil mixtures from the eastern region of Ukraine: technological aspects

The article presents an analysis of reserves and processing of heavy high-viscosity crude oils in Ukraine and the world. A study of the physicochemical properties of heavy high-viscosity oils from the Yablunivske field, Poltava region of Ukraine, taken from various wells was conducted. For further research in order to develop a basic manufacturing scheme for the processing of heavy high-viscosity oils, a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils from the Yablunivske field was used in certain ratios and its physicochemical properties were determined. As a result of the vacuum distillation of a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils, the following products were obtained: broad gasoline fraction (fraction boiled up to 2000C), broad diesel fraction (fraction 200–3600C) and the rest of the process (fraction >3600C). An analysis of the physicochemical properties of the prepared fractions was also carried out. It was established that the products obtained from the mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils of the Yablunivske field can be used as raw materials for the production of commercial gasoline and diesel fuels. The rest of the process can serve as raw materials for the production of road bitumen. According to the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the products obtained by vacuum distillation of a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils, the basics of the processing technology of a mixture of heavy high-viscosity oils of the Yablunivske field were developed. In particular, a manufacturing scheme and a flow chart of the process were proposed, and the material balance was calculated.

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel–Ethanol Dual Fuel: An Overview

Biodiesel and bioethanol are two renewable fuels available on the market, both of which have been used on internal combustion engines as an additive as they have physicochemical properties similar to commercial petroleum fuels. However, different properties of biodiesel and ethanol in terms of viscosity and energy density directly affect the combustion process of internal combustion engines. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the influence of 100% blended biofuels including biodiesel-ethanol on combustion characteristics and emissions under diesel engine conditions, as well as the status of biodiesel-ethanol fuel use, a recommended orientation for the development of adaptive diesel engine in the future at Vietnam. These studies on the influence of biodiesel-ethanol fuels blend were carried out on the optical research engine system (constant volume combustion chamber) and the actual engine testing. The results revealed that change in the concentration of ethanol affects the physicochemical properties of BE fuels blend, and using more ethanol in the mixture causes more effect on the trend of combustion characteristics and emissions. Consequently, it is possible to use a 100% biodiesel-ethanol blend on conventional diesel engines with little modifications.

Technology of Obtaining Mixed Alternative Fuel Based on Organic Substances for Mining Technological Transport Engines

Abstract In connection with the increase in the price of fuel based on hydrocarbons, the search and use of alternative types of fuel for machines in the mining and oil production industry is quite relevant today. Most of the existing alternative fuels by themselves cannot be considered as ready-to-use motor fuels. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use their mixtures with commercial fuels in certain ratios. This work deals with the development and research of the main characteristics of the mixer for obtaining mixed fuels based on diesel fuel and soybean oil, as well as the results of the study of the physical and operational properties of the obtained mixtures of different volume ratios of diesel fuel and soybean oil. The process of obtaining a mixed alternative fuel based on diesel fuel and soybean oil was implemented on a developed installation consisting of a mixer, the design of which is protected by a patent of Ukraine, and a gear pump. The study of the characteristics of the mixer as part of the installation showed that at a temperature of the components of the alternative fuel of 20°С, with a loss of full pressure on the mixer Δр ≈ (60-65) kPa, the volume consumption of soybean oil reached 10.7.10-6 m3/s. The time of preparation of the fuel mixture in the amount of 195 liters with a content of soybean oil of 10% ranged from 30 to 33 minutes. As research has shown, mixing soybean oil with diesel fuel in the amount of 5-50% vol. provides an improvement in viscosity-temperature properties and makes it possible to use such mixtures in diesel engines without changes in the design of the power supply system and regulation of fuel equipment, which characterizes soybean oil as a promising additive to diesel fuels to improve their technical and operational performance.

The causal effect of income on household energy transition: Evidence from old age pension eligibility in South Africa

Rising household income may affect energy technology choice and total fuel consumption, with significant implications for the environment and health. Yet the causal connection between income and fuel choice is difficult to pin down, given the endogeneity bias that may arise from reverse causality and omitted (unobserved) confounding variables. We exploit exogenous variation in household income resulting from the discontinuous age-based eligibility for the Old Age Pension (OAP) benefit in South Africa, to identify the causal effect of income on fuel choice and expenditures. We find that the eligibility for pension income within a household increases primary reliance on electricity, while reducing dependence on biomass and other polluting fuels. Results are consistent across three major household energy services – lighting, heating and cooking – that can be obtained using substitute fuels. Expenditures on electricity and other commercial fuels also increase, indicating that household demand for energy services increases with income. Moreover, the effect on electricity demand is twice as large as that on demand for other fuels. Our study sheds light on an understudied benefit of cash assistance programs to the poor in an important and populous middle-income country, and more generally provides important new causal evidence on the role that income plays in facilitating household energy transitions.

Adsorptive desulfurization of model and real fuel via wire-, rod-, and flower-like Fe3O4@MnO2@activated carbon made from palm kernel shells as newly designed magnetic nanoadsorbents

The removal of organic sulphur from liquid fuel via applicable and cheap processes is one of the most challenging energy issues worldwide. Adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) processes can address this issue if highly effective magnetic nanoadsorbents with favourable textural properties are used. In this work, activated carbon produced from palm kernel shells was decorated with wire-, rod- and flower-like magnetic MnO2 by a hydrothermal route to produce reusable magnetic nanoadsorbents with tunable pore volume and pore diameter. The magnetic nanoadsorbents labelled Fe3O4@MnO2-w@AC, Fe3O4@MnO2-r@AC and Fe3O4@MnO2-f@AC were characterized using state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques and used for sulphur removal from model and real fuels. The results revealed that the prepared magnetic nanoadsorbents had suitable oxygen functionalities, porous morphology and specific surface area of 480 for wire, 312 for rod, and 340 m2/g for flower-like magnetic nanoadsorbents. The newly-designed magnetic nanoadsorbents exhibited superior sulphur removal efficiency at 100 min contact time, 35 °C adsorption temperature, and 0.4 g adsorbent dose per 40 mL of model or real fuel. Among them, a wire-like magnetic nanoadsorbent showed 99 % sulphur removal from model fuel with 530 ppm sulphur content as DBT, 97.6 % and 90 % sulphur removal from commercial kerosene and diesel fuels with 430 and 1050 ppm sulphur content, respectively. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics disclosed that adsorption of organic sulphur follows the pseudo first-order kinetic model, was an exothermic, and diffusion-controlled process. The magnetic properties enabled the nanoadsorbents to be recovered more easily and reused at least five times.

Разработка рецептур низкозастывающих топлив смешением с депрессорными присадками на базе дизельных фракций различного состава

The composition and characteristics of straight-run diesel fuel samples, as well as their blends with depressant additives in various concentrations, are experimentally determined and analyzed in the work. As a result of the study, regularities of the depressant additives concentration influence on the effectiveness of their action when usedon samples of diesel fuel of various compositions were revealed. The recommendations for the production of commercial diesel fuels of various brands by blending with depressant additives, were developed.

Study of a unified work process of internal combustion engines

Gasoline engines are characterized by high power density and low fuel efficiency. Diesels, on the contrary, have high fuel efficiency, but low specific power. A promising (unified) workflow should combine the best qualities of gasoline engines and diesel engines and work on the entire existing range of fuels produced for them. This will make it possible to switch to a single unified fuel, including fractions of modern commercial fuels, which will significantly reduce the energy intensity and cost of their production.

РАЗРАБОТКА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИМИТАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЦЕХА КОМПАУНДИРОВАНИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ БЕНЗИНОВ

Compounding commercial fuels is an important final stage of the entire production process chain in an oil refinery which defines the economic effectiveness of the company’s manufacturing activities. This paper addresses a simulation model for the compounding process for commercial gasolines. The Model is based on discrete linear programming. The target function for the optimization model is the ratio of the difference between the value of the salable product and the costs incurred by manufacturing components and electrical power to the final volume of the salable product, as well as the time it takes to prepare. The optimization model leads to the conclusion about the practicability of the in-flow blending, as well as of the necessity of selecting the right pumping equipment. The optimization model can be applied to primary calculations of economic effectiveness of the various options of organizing the process for the compounding of commercial gasolines.

A simulation model for a compounding process for commercial gasolines

Compounding commercial fuels is an important final stage of the entire production process chain in an oil refinery which defines the economic effectiveness of the company’s manufacturing activities. This paper addresses a simulation model for the compounding process for commercial gasolines. The Model is based on discrete linear programming. The target function for the optimization model is the ratio of the difference between the value of the salable product and the costs incurred by manufacturing components and electrical power to the final volume of the salable product, as well as the time it takes to prepare. The optimization model leads to the conclusion about the practicability of the in-flow blending, as well as of the necessity of selecting the right pumping equipment. The optimization model can be applied to primary calculations of economic effectiveness of the various options of organizing the process for the compounding of commercial gasolines.

Prediction of gasoline research octane number using multiple feature machine learning models

Liquid hydrocarbons are typically used as fuels in the internal combustion engines due to their high volumetric energy density and ease of handling, storage, and transportation. Gasoline is the most extensively used fuel for the light-duty automobiles and passenger cars. Research octane number (RON), among other auto ignition related properties, is a primary indicator of the grade of the light-duty automobile fuels. Because measuring the RON is expensive and time-consuming, an alternative cost-effective grading method for engines is desired, for example, methods that in corporate machine learning. However, the physicochemical properties of the constituents of gasoline have a notable nonlinear relationship with the RON of the fuel. The accurate blending and production of commercial spark ignition engine fuels is limited by the lack of precise predictive models for RON. In this study, we developed a high-throughput method that accounts for the properties of gasoline and uses the Random Forest (RF) algorithm to predict the RON of gasoline. The maximum error of the RF model in RON prediction was 0.46, which was close to the range of experimental uncertainty. The experimental results indicated that the properties of gasoline can be used to predict its RON, and the complex relationships among the constituents can be analyzed using tools such as the RF algorithm.

Performance and Emission of Diesel Engine Fuelled by Commercial Bio-Diesel Fuels in Indonesia

Abstract The performance and emission of a small diesel engine fuelled by commercial diesel fuel in Indonesia are present in this paper. Various commercial diesel fuels in Indonesia are produced and marketed by Pertamina. As the largest oil company in Indonesia, Pertamina has developed various diesel fuels, namely Solar, Biosolar (B30), Dexlite, and Pertadex. This study explains in more detail the performance, fuel consumption, and emission produced by the four types of fuels, and they were investigated experimentally using a single-cylinder diesel engine at various engine speeds, from 1,000 rpm to 4,500 rpm. The result shows the engine fuelled by Pertadex generates the highest power and torque, while the lowest is generated by the Biosolar fuelled engine. The maximum torque and power generated by the Pertadex fuelled engine are about 25.5 Nm and 7200 W, respectively. The engine fuelled by Pertadex has the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.3037 kg·kW·h, compared to the engines fuelled by the Dexlite, Solar, and Biosolar fuels, with values around 0.3127, 0.3215, and 0.3338 kg·kW·h, respectively. At the same time, the measurement of gas emissions, including CO2, CO, NOx, and HC was conducted simultaneously.

Extractive desulfurization of fuels using modified ionic liquids with magnetic graphene oxide from refused dry cell batteries

• This research is designed to tackle the remediation of sulfur content from model fuels and from commercial fuels. • This research is aiming to add a novel magnetic graphene oxide ionic liquids that have unique anion and cation combination (not reported previously). • The employed method for the desulfurization using HPLC is quite fast. convenient and most accurate to amplify the results. • The study is environmental friendly and it utilizes the refused dry cells as a source of graphite. Humanity is facing the biggest hazard in the form of systematic pollution of environment. Significant dwindling resources is a sign of rapid population explosion. Due to increasing human population, the burden on environment is also increasing exponentially leaving serious concerns about greenhouse gases induced climate change, energy security as well as the air, land and water quality deterioration. These concerns are driving the development of alternate energy solutions and to modify fuels with high sulfur and nitrogen content to mitigate cleaner fuel crises in the developing countries like Pakistan. To this end, Graphene oxide-GO (synthesized from refused dry cell batteries) and Magnetic Graphene oxide-MGO based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and fabricated with cellulose acetate (CA) for their potential applications in desulfurization of fuel. Synthesized ILs were characterized by different techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Close batch experiments were designed to evaluate the desulfurization and adsorption capabilities of prepared liquids under varying parameters. Moreover, HPLC and UV–Visible spectrophotometer were used to determine the reduction of thiophene peaks and extent of desulfurization (%R > 98.9 % and 91 % for Model fuel and Crude fuel, respectively). The proposed study offers an economical and eco-friendly material that have open up a wider application window and owing to the surface modifications these hybrid materials with multi-functional groups are expected to reduce the pollution load from multi-compartment simultaneously.

Fractional distillation of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae: Upgrading of fuel properties

The use of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude as commercial fuels remains challenging due to its complex composition, particularly the presence of heteroatomic nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds and oxygenates. In this study, a semi-automatic fractional distillation system was developed for the upgrading of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae biomass. The fractional distillation produced ten liquid fractions (F1–F10 below 325 °C), which made up above 48.91 wt% of the biocrude. Through the distillation, the contents of N, O, and S were reduced by 0.12 %–22.70 %, 27.71 %–69.34 %, and 24.30 %–64.02 %, respectively. The GC–MS results showed that lighter fractions (F1–F3) were mainly composed of N-heterocyclics while heavier fractions (F5–F10) were dominated by saturated hydrocarbons and olefins, which was further evidenced by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) results. In addition, a significant reduction in metal contents (up to 94.26 %) was observed, and the alkalis metals (89.63 % of Ca and 96.17 % of K) and heavy metals (91.32 % of Pb and 59.08 % of As) mainly remained in the distillation residue. This study indicates that fractional distillation is a potential green method for the upgrading of HTL biocrude.

Formulation of heterometallic ZIF-8@Cu/Ni/ZnO@CNTs heterostructure photocatalyst for Ultra-Deep desulphurization of coal and fuels

Developing efficient methods for deep desulphurization of commercial fuel is critical because of the requirements to limit sulphur concentrations below 10 ppm. Among various methods, recently photocatalytic oxidative desulphurization (PODS) has attracted great attention as it does not require high temperature and pressure. Herein, we report a novel heterostructure h-ZIF-8@Cu/Ni/ZnO@CNTs, having heterometallic ZIF-8 (h-ZIF-8) coated on Cu/Ni/ZnO (h-ZIF-8@Cu/Ni/ZnO), supported over carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sponge for selective PODS of both coal and fuel. The Cu/Ni/ZnO-based ternary hybrid metal oxide was first stabilized on a CNTs sponge followed by a surface reaction of metal particles with 2-methyl imidazole to in-situ form h-ZIF-8 shell on the surface of Cu/Ni/ZnO. The resulting h-ZIF-8@Cu/Ni/ZnO@CNTs exhibited high surface area (1283.47 m2/g), meso/microporous backbone, narrow bandgap (2.52 eV), and a large number of available active sites. Owing to these characteristics, the h-ZIF-8@Cu/Ni/ZnO@CNTs exhibited excellent photocatalytic response for the removal of organic sulphur with a removal rate of 0.76 Kg m−3 day−1 compared to control ZIF-8@ZnO@CNTs (0.4 Kg m−3 day−1). The removal rate was further enhanced to 3.3 Kg m−3 day−1 for dibenzothiophene, confirming the higher PODS potential of the designed photocatalyst for refractory organic sulphur. In summary, the h-ZIF-8@Cu/Ni/ZnO@CNTs possess promising characteristics to be applied for the desulphurization of commercial fuels.

Recycling of plastic wastes into alternative fuels towards a circular economy in Ghana

Traditional methods of disposing and storing plastic waste in Ghana, such as at damping sites and landfills, have put the environment and human life at risk for years. A sustainable and efficient solution is to shift to a circular economy by recycling plastic waste into alternative fuels. Therefore, this study focussed on the segregation of plastic waste and its conversion into fuel products via pyrolysis in the temperature range of 350 – 420 °C. In a kilogram-scale pyrolysis fixed-bed batch reactor, a large quantity of condensate oil was produced with minimal amounts of non-condensable gases, chars, and waxes. Gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to characterise the condensate oils. The measured fuel properties of the various condensate oil types were remarkedly similar to those of commercial fuels (gasoline, diesel, and kerosene). This makes them suitable alternatives to conventional energy sources, with the potential to significantly improve living conditions, reduce environmental pollution, and cut down on the need to import refined fossil fuel. Finally, the condensate oil from the individual plastic waste types outperformed the mixed-plastic waste in terms of fuel properties and yield.

Performance and sulfur poisoning of SiO2, γ-Al2O3, and SiO2-Al2O3-supported bimetallic Pd-Pt catalysts in selective hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived fatty acid methyl esters

Selective hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with low oxidative stability over supported Pd catalysts is crucial to the production of monounsaturated counterparts (mono-FAME), whose oxidative stability and cold flow properties are suitable for producing fuels with high blend ratios. However, supported Pd catalysts are easily deactivated by sulfur-containing FAMEs. Herein, the performance and sulfur poisoning of Pd-Pt/SiO2, Pd-Pt/γ-Al2O3, and Pd-Pt/SiO2-Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts containing 3–10 nm Pt-Pd alloy particles and possessing surface acidity of 0.1–2.4 mmol NH3 g−1 were examined. Pd-Pt/SiO2 with large Pd-Pt alloy particles (10 nm) and weak acidity (0.1 mmol NH3 g−1) favored the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated-FAME (poly-FAME) to mono-FAME, while Pd-Pt/γ-Al2O3 and Pd-Pt/SiO2-Al2O3 with smaller Pd-Pt alloy particles and stronger acidity favored the formation of saturated-FAME. These Pd-Pt catalysts were poisoned when using FAME containing 3.4–5.3 ppm of sulfur. However, the performance of the Pd-Pt/SiO2 catalyst physically mixed with γ-Al2O3 did not deteriorate when using a feedstock containing 5.3 ppm of sulfur because the acidic γ-Al2O3 support could adsorb sulfur. Thus, the combination of acidic γ-Al2O3 and Pd-Pt/SiO2 catalysts can be efficiently used to produce mono-FAME through the selective hydrogenation of commercial biodiesel fuels containing high poly-FAME concentrations.

An overview of adsorptive desulfurization of liquid transportation fuels over various adsorbents including zeolites

AbstractThe conventional technique of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) faces challenges while removing refractory sulfur compounds from liquid fuels. Alternative techniques are under exploration. One of the alternative techniques is adsorptive desulfurization (ADS). In ADS, an adsorbent is used to remove sulfur through physical or chemical adsorption. Moreover, it is possible at ambient conditions. Recent developments in the area of ADS is the focus of the present review. Various adsorbents have been assessed for ADS of the model and real feedstocks. These include both activated carbons and zeolites. Their modification through incorporation of metal ions can improve the performance. Present paper reviews recent progress regarding the development of adsorbents. Improvement of selectivity and stability along with regeneration and reuse too, reviewed. Regeneration studies are helpful in knowing the reusability of adsorbents. Various methods of regeneration such as thermal, solvent and their combination have been addressed. Thus, present paper covers modification, testing, regeneration and reuse of adsorbents for ADS of liquid fuels. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies relevant to chosen topic also reviewed. Challenges do exist in testing adsorbents for ADS of commercial fuels. These challenges arise due to the competitive adsorption between sulfur compounds and aromatics. For commercialization of ADS, the development of adsorbent with cheaper metal ions and ideal regeneration methods are essential.