Commercial Fish Diet Research Articles

Comparative analysis of growth and health of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with different starch diets

This study evaluated the effects of potato, wheat, rice, and corn starch on growth performance, blood parameters, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative response, and gut microbiota of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. A control diet (a commercial fish diet) and four different starch (potato, PO; wheat, WH; corn, CO; rice, RC) formulations were fed to African catfish with average weight of 10.5g (n = 30) for eight weeks. The experiment was conducted in triplicates. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance of African catfish fed with potato starch (PO) was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Furthermore, this group recorded significant and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in all tested hematological parameters and antioxidative response between the groups. Digestive enzyme activities in the fish intestines, including amylase, lipase, and protease, were significantly higher in African catfish fed with the PO diet. In addition, this group demonstrated substantially lower viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) than other groups, indicating that the fish has more meat on its body. The PO diet group also recorded significantly higher Akkermansia muciniphila, a good gut microbiota. Therefore, the PO diet potentially improves African catfish's growth performance and health status.

Improved innate immunity in juvenile vimba bream (Vimba vimba) fed a dry diet with an additive of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Abstract A few reports indicate the beneficial effects of organic acids and their salts on anti-infective immunity in fish species. In the role of immunostimulants, inorganic acids may prove to be a much cheaper alternative to their organic equivalents. However, no report has described the effect of using inorganic acid as a feed additive on fish immunity. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a fish feed supplement on cellular immunity in the stomachless fish, cypriniform vimba bream, Vimba vimba (L.). Two groups, three replicates each, of juvenile vimba were fed a commercial dry fish diet or its variant containing a 1.5% additive of HCl for 55 days. The experiment was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system at 25°C. Mortality, growth, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, respiratory burst activity (RBA), potential killing activity (PKA), and the proliferative response of head kidney lymphocytes were determined for both groups at the end of the experiment and compared. The PKA was higher in the group fed the diet with HCl. For all other parameters studied, there were no significant differences between the experimental groups. The results of the current study prove that the dietary additive of inorganic hydrochloric acid can substantially improve immune response to bacterial infections in juvenile vimba bream.

Sustainable Fish Feeds with Insects and Probiotics Positively Affect Freshwater and Marine Fish Gut Microbiota.

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing agricultural industry in the world. Fishmeal is an essential component of commercial fish diets, but its long-term sustainability is a concern. Therefore, it is important to find alternatives to fishmeal that have a similar nutritional value and, at the same time, are affordable and readily available. The search for high-quality alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil has interested researchers worldwide. Over the past 20 years, different insect meals have been studied as a potential alternate source of fishmeal in aquafeeds. On the other hand, probiotics-live microbial strains-are being used as dietary supplements and showing beneficial effects on fish growth and health status. Fish gut microbiota plays a significant role in nutrition metabolism, which affects a number of other physiological functions, including fish growth and development, immune regulation, and pathogen resistance. One of the key reasons for studying fish gut microbiota is the possibility to modify microbial communities that inhabit the intestine to benefit host growth and health. The development of DNA sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics tools has made metagenomic analysis a feasible method for researching gut microbes. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current knowledge provided by studies of our research group on using insect meal and probiotic supplements in aquafeed formulations and their effects on different fish gut microbiota. We also highlight future research directions to make insect meals a key source of proteins for sustainable aquaculture and explore the challenges associated with the use of probiotics. Insect meals and probiotics will undoubtedly have a positive effect on the long-term sustainability and profitability of aquaculture.

Role of Spirulina in Structural Remodeling of Synapse in Telencephalon of Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model of Zebrafish.

Stress can affect the morphology and synaptic organization of the telencephalon. These structural changes at the cellular level can lead to the development of various psychopathologies. Given that the telencephalon plays a major role in stress responses, the current study aimed to investigate the role of Spirulina platensis as a neuroprotectant supplement in the early life of zebrafish in averting the alteration of synapse morphology in the telencephalon caused by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in the later stage. 5dpf larvae were divided into two groups: one group was fed with a commercial fish diet and a second group with a 1% Spirulina-supplemented diet for 90 days. After 90 days, the adult zebrafish were exposed to CUS with different chronic stressors for 15 days. The synaptic plasticity was evaluated by morphometric analysis of synapse in telencephalon of zebrafish by transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural study demonstrated the protective role of Spirulina in the CUS model as no significant alterations in the length of the active zone, postsynaptic density, and synaptic cleft were observed as compared to the control group in the CUS model. Thus, suggesting that the Spirulina supplementation can avert the remodeling effect of stress on synapse ultrastructure.

Effect of different salinity levels on some physiological parameters of the blood of juvenile common carp fish Cyprinus carpio L.

The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels on the juveniles of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L). the fishes were acclimatized and fed on commercial fish diet for one week before starting the experiment which lasted for 75 days. Four salinity levels were used as 5 NaCl, 10 NaCl and 15 NaCl PSU in treatment 1, 2 and 3 while the salinity level of control was 2.5 NaCl PSU. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 8 fishes. Other parameters such as sodium ions were significantly higher and the potassium were significantly lower in 5 NaCl, 10 NaCl and 15 NaCl PSU compared to the control Group. While the highest value for total protein and globulin was in salinity 2.5 PSU and the highest value for albumin in salinity (15) PSU, while cholesterol and glucose concentrations were the highest values at salinity 2.5 with regard to enzymes ALT and AST, the highest value were in salinity 15 PSU.

The effect of feeding black soldier fly larvae on growth performance, protein, and fat content of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.).

In the aquaculture industry, the crucial goal is to minimize production costs, especially feeding costs, without significant side effects. Black soldier fly larva (BSFL) is a locally available, eco-friendly, and sustainable source that is high in crude protein (42% dry matter [DM]) and fat (35% DM). This study aimed to determine the growth performance along with the composition of crude fat and protein in red hybrid fingerlings after the addition of BSFL into the diet. A total of 120 fingerlings of uniform size (mean initial weight of 1.46 ± 0.06 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10) (A, B, C, and D) per tank (1 m × 2 m × 1 m). For 21 days, Group A (control group) was fed with 100% commercial diet; Group B was fed with 90% commercial fish diet + 10% BSFL; Group C was fed with 80% commercial fish diet + 20% BSFL; and Group D was fed with 70% commercial fish diet + 30% BSFL. Feed efficiency, growth performance, and proximate composition analysis were performed on the fish. The results displayed that the group with the highest BSFL percentage had a greater effect on protein and fat composition than the control group. The proximate composition analysis of fish-fed diet revealed that an increase in the level of BSFL inclusion increases the protein content in the fish. In comparison to the other groups, the experimental diet with 30% BSFL inclusion has the highest levels of crude protein (80.30% DM) and fat (2.90% DM). It is concluded that incorporating BSFL into a commercial diet for red hybrid tilapia fingerlings increased crude protein and fat composition, providing an alternative protein and fat source in fish diets.

Background per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in laboratory fish diet: Implications for zebrafish toxicological studies

Current attention is focused on determining the potential for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to adversely impact human health. Zebrafish are a popular biological model because they share early development pathways with humans. A dietary exposure paradigm is growing in popularity in the zebrafish model because the outcomes often translate to humans. To create a diet of known composition, it is crucial to understand background PFAS levels present in zebrafish diet. Background PFAS, if present, potentially confounds interpretation of toxicological data. To date, no studies document the PFAS background levels in laboratory fish diet and there is only limited information on some pet foods. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method for up to 50 target PFAS in high lipid and protein content laboratory fish diets and pet foods. Long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C9-C13) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were quantified in 11 out of 16 laboratory fish diets and in three out of five pet fish foods. Foods for pet birds, lizards, and dogs were below the limit of detection for all PFAS. In two of the laboratory fish diets, PFOS concentrations were >1.3 ng/g and the total PFAS for the three laboratory fish diets exceeded 1.0 ng/g. Hundreds of biomedical laboratories across the world utilize these commercial laboratory fish diets, and these results indicate that numerous zebrafish colonies may be inadvertently receiving significant dietary PFAS exposures. In light of this new information, it is critical to design PFAS studies with appropriate controls with measured background PFAS concentrations in the diet and to urge caution when interpreting the results.

Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast\xa0supplementation on the physio-pathological impacts ofchronic exposure to glyphosate and or malathion in Oreochromis niloticus

BackgroundPesticide exposure is thought to be a major contributor to living organism health deterioration, as evidenced by its impact on both cultured fish species and human health. Commercial fish diets are typically deficient in selenium (Se); hence, supplementation may be necessary to meet requirements during stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective role of selenium yeast (SY) supplementation for 60 days against the deleterious effects of glyphosate and or malathion chronic toxicity at sublethal concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus .MethodsTwo hundred and ten fish were divided into seven groups (n = 30/group) as follows: G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L− 1 glyphosate); G3 (0.5 mg L− 1 malathion); G4 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L− 1 and malathion 0.3 mg L− 1); G5 (glyphosate 2 mg L− 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg− 1); G6 (malathion 0.5 mg L− 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg− 1); and G7 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L− 1; malathion 0.3 mg L− 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg− 1).ResultsResults revealed significant alteration in growth performance parameters including feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). G4 has the highest documented cumulative mortalities (40%), followed by G3 (30%). Additionally, the greatest impact was documented in G4, followed by G3 and then G2 as severe anemia with significant thrombocytopenia; leukocytosis; hypoproteinemia; increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Considering the previously mentioned parameters, selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (3.3 mg kg− 1 available selenium) mitigated the negative impact of both the agrochemicals, whether exposed singly or in combination, in addition to their antioxidative action.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study found that organophosphorus agrochemicals, single or combined, had negative impacts on Oreochromis niloticus regarding growth performance, biochemical and hematological changes in the serum, as well as induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. Supplementation of SY at the rate of 3.3 mg kg− 1 diet (2.36 mg kg− 1 selenomethionine and 0.94 mg organic selenium) ameliorated the fish performance and health status adversely affected by organophosphorus agrochemical intoxication.

Bioconversion of sugarcane vinasse into fungal biomass protein and its potential use in fish farming

The intensification of pisciculture operation requires the provision of an adequate supply of good quality fish feed. Many commercial feeds consist in fishmeal or soybean meal-based formulations, but they constitute costly protein sources. Hence, dietary transition from conventional fish ingredients towards fungi protein sources produced from vinasse could address concern about both fish feed cost and the detrimental environmental effects of distillery waste disposal. This work investigated the nutritional and toxicological aspects of Aspergillus sp. V2 grown on vinasse to be used as a possible fish feed. Proximate analysis of biomass obtained from 50% (v/v) residue supplemented with 2.0 g/L (NH4)2H2PO4 revealed a total proteins content (34.0%), fat (4.7%), ash (15.8%), crude fiber (4.0%), moisture (0.3%) and carbohydrate (45.2%) within acceptable levels for commercial fish diets. The biomass protein composition was similar to soybean meal, containing all the essential amino acids (EAAs) for fish feeding. Finally, total aflatoxins level was 6.8 ± 0.2 µg per kg of dry weight, which does not exceed the permissible levels established for feedstuffs. These findings provide evidence that biomass of Aspergillus sp. V2 produced from vinasse could meet the nutritional requirements for use in fish diet, reducing economic pressures for the pisciculture and distilleries.

Negative effects of artificial diets on growth and the digestive tract of 1‐month‐old Redhead cichlid ( Vieja melanura , Günther, 1862)

The redhead cichlid (Vieja melanura) is a neotropical Heroini species from Central America, which is currently an emerging species in the ornamental trade, but it is also a promising fish in terms of aquaculture production. So far, research shows that this species is herbivorous or omnivorous; however, larvae and young juveniles mostly feed on zooplankton. A 3-week experimental rearing was carried out (in triplicates of tanks) using either natural food (Artemia sp., group Art) or one of three commercial fish diets (groups D1–D3), from inception of exogenous feeding (5 days post hatching). No differences in survival occurred (all groups above 95%), but the mean body weight in the Art group was 3.0–7.1 times higher when compared with the D1-D3 groups (p < 0.05). Histological measurements showed that mucosal fold length in Art group was the highest in both the anterior and posterior intestine, while in D3 it was the lowest. Furthermore, abnormal fatty degeneration was found in the livers and pancreas of fish in D1–D3. The experiment showed that using commercial feeds available on the market to rear newly hatched redhead cichlids is not advisable, because they negatively impact both its growth and overall condition.

Marine amphipods as a new live prey for ornamental aquaculture: exploring the potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus.

Marine amphipods are gaining attention in aquaculture as a natural live food alternative to traditional preys such as brine shrimps (Artemia spp.). The use of Artemia is convenient for the culture of many marine species, but often problematic for some others, such as seahorses and other marine ornamental species. Unlike Artemia, marine amphipods are consumed by fish in their natural environment and show biochemical profiles that better match the nutritional requirements of marine fish, particularly of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Despite their potentially easy culture, there are no established culture techniques and a deeper knowledge on the reproductive biology, nutritional profiles and culture methodologies is still needed to potentiate the optimization of mass production. The present study assessed, for the first time, the aquaculture potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus, two cosmopolitan marine gammarids (as per traditional schemes of classification) that naturally proliferate in the wild and in aquaculture facilities. For that purpose, aspects of the population and reproductive biology of the species were characterized and then a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to determine amphipod productivity, the time needed to reach sexual maturity by hatchlings (generation time), cannibalism degree, the effects of sex ratio on fecundity and the effects of diet (shrimp diet, plant-based diet and commercial fish diet) on fecundity and juvenile growth. P. hawaiensis, unlike E. pectenicrus, was easily maintained and propagated in laboratory conditions. P. hawaiensis showed a higher total length (9.3 ± 1.3 mm), wet weight (14.4 ± 6.2 mg), dry weight (10.5 ± 4.4 mg), females/males sex ratio (2.24), fecundity (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female), and gross energy content (16.71 ± 0.67 kJ g-1) compared to E. pectenicrus (7.9 ± 1.2 mm total length; 8.4 ± 4.3 mg wet weight; 5.7 ± 3.2 mg dry weight; 1.34 females/males sex ratio; 6.5 ± 3.9 embryos per female; 12.86 ± 0.82 kJ g−1 gross energy content). P. hawaiensis juvenile growth showed a small, but significant, reduction by the use of a plant-based diet compared to a commercial shrimp and fish diet; however, fecundity was not affected, supporting the possible use of inexpensive diets to mass produce amphipods as live or frozen food. Possible limitations of P. hawaiensis could be their quite long generation times (50.9 ± 5.8 days) and relatively low fecundity levels (12.8 ± 5.7 embryos per female). With an observed productivity rate of 0.36 ± 0.08 juveniles per amphipod couple per day, P. hawaiensis could become a specialty feed for species that cannot easily transition to a formulated diet such as seahorses and other highly priced marine ornamental species.

Review on using of housefly maggots (Musca domestica) in fish diets

The main animal protein ingredient in fish diets is most often fishmeal because of its nutritional quality. However, the limited availability and increasingly cost of fishmeal has lead to investigations of either lowering or replacing the fishmeal content with more economic protein sources of animal and/or plant origin. The research for suitable and cost-effective alternative protein sources for use in commercial fish diets will be the most critical factor in the development of intensive aquaculture. Insect meals are nutritious and healthy alternatives to fishmeal because of its rich nutritional values especially protein, fat and minerals. Housefly maggot (Musca domestica) meal is also rich in B complex vitamins, trace elements and phosphorus. From the results of previous studies, Housefly maggot meal can be successfully used to replace fishmeal portion partially or completely in the fish diets. Also, the results observed that not physiological stressful was introduced in the fish by feeding Housefly maggot meal diets. This indicates that Housefly maggots meal were well utilized by the fish thus resulting in good growth of fish. In other study, observed a best performance of fish that fed diets containing maggot meal over those solely fed on fishmeal diets. This is a reflection of the nutritional quality and acceptance of this biomaterial.

Effects of Lead on Some Oxidative Stress of the Catfish, Clariasbatrachus

This study aimed to determine the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of lead (PbCl2) on some oxidative stress in the catfish Clariasbatrachus. Fishes were captured from Ramgarh Lake, Gorakhpur. They were acclimatized and fed with commercial fish diet for one month before starting the experiment. Two experimental groups were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (10% and 30% of LC50) of lead chloride, fishes from different experimental groups were sacrificed after 60 days of exposure. Oxidative stress enzymes such as GSH, CAT, SOD, and MDA were estimated. Group treated with Pb10 % showed significantly lower concentrations of GSH. On the other hand, Pb 30% group showed a significantly higher concentration of CAT, MDA and SOD.

Effects of cadmium on some haematological and biochemical parameters of African catfish, Clarias graiepinus

This study aimed to determine the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium (CdCl2) on some haematological and biochemical parameters in 172 specimens of Clarias gariepinus. Fishes were captured from Manzala Lake, Egypt. They were acclimatized and fed with commercial fish diet for one month before starting the experiment. After determination of LC50, Two experimental groups were exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations (10% and 30% of LC50) of cadmium chloride along with control group. Fishes from different experimental groups were sacrificed after 60 days of exposure. Haematological parameters including erythrocytes, Hb, PCV, thrombocyte, leucocytes, and differential count of WBCs were estimated. Also, some biochemical parameters such as sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, total protein, albumin, AST,ALT, ammonia, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, creatinine, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and cortisol and oxidative stress enzymes such as GSH, CAT, SOD, and MDA were measured. Group treated with 10 % of LC50 of Cdshowed significantly lower concentrations of Hb, thrombocytes and SOD activity and significantly higher concentrations of eosinophil, MDA, and triglyceride. On the other hand, group of 30 LC50 of Cd showed a significantly lower concentration of sodium and significantly higher activities of CAT, ALT and ammonia concentrations. The investigated two sub-lethal concentration ( 10 % and 30% of LC50 of Cd ) groups showed a significantly lower activity of GSH and lower concentrations of potassium and cholesterol, besides these showed a significantly higher concentrations of uric acid and creatinine. Serum calcium, glucose, albumin, AST, urea and total lipids did not show any significant differences in the estimated treatment concentrations.

Effects of cadmium on some haematological and biochemical parameters of Clarias graiepinus

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium (CdCl2) on some haematological and biochemical parameters in 172 specimens of Clarias gariepinus. Fishes were captured from Manzala Lake, Egypt. They were acclimatized and fed with commercial fish diet for one month before starting the experiment. After determination of LC50, Two experimental groups were exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations (10% and 30% of LC50) of cadmium chloride along with control group. Fishes from different experimental groups were sacrificed after 60 days of exposure. Haematological parameters including erythrocytes, Hb, PCV, thrombocyte, leucocytes, and differential count of WBCs were estimated. Also, some biochemical parameters such as sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, total protein, albumin, AST,ALT, ammonia, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, creatinine, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and cortisol and oxidative stress enzymes such as GSH, CAT, SOD, and MDA were measured. Group treated with 10 % of LC50 of Cdshowed significantly lower concentrations of Hb, thrombocytes and SOD activity and significantly higher concentrations of eosinophil, MDA, and triglyceride. On the other hand, group of 30 LC50 of Cd showed a significantly lower concentration of sodium and significantly higher activities of CAT, ALT and ammonia concentrations. The investigated two sub-lethal concentration ( 10 % and 30% of LC50 of Cd ) groups showed a significantly lower activity of GSH and lower concentrations of potassium and cholesterol, besides these showed a significantly higher concentrations of uric acid and creatinine. Serum calcium, glucose, albumin, AST, urea and total lipids did not show any significant differences in the estimated treatment concentrations.

Effect of acute toxicity of Dimethoate on some organs of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis hollobrokii

This study aimed to calculate the LC50 of Dimethoate in case of G. affinis hollobrokii as a result of exposure to different concentrations of Dimethoate (DM). The exposure was continued to 96h. with concentrations of 30, 60, 90 mg/L and control group. The results showed that the calculated LC50 of Dimethoate in case of G. affinis hollobrokii equal to 63.33 mg/L. The mortality increases with the increasing of concentrations.From investigate the histopathological alterations induced in some organs (gills, liver and Kidney) of Gambusia affinis hollobrokii as a result of exposure to 90 mg/L of Dimethoate (DM) and control group for 96h.. The microscopic examination of gill tissue of the fish exposed to 90 mg/L of Dimethoate pesticide showed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelial cells in secondary gill lamellae with partial oedema, lifting up epithelial layer, atrophy of the secondary lamella and congested blood vessels. Liver tissue of the same group of fish showed that, the liver architecture was destroyed, congestion of blood vessels, fatty degeneration in hepatocytes and appearance of some necrotic areas. Kidney tissue showed degenerated renal tubules, severe congestion of the blood vessels, fluid stagnation in renal tubules, oedema, necrotic of renal tubular cells and macrophage leucocytes were also detected. A total of 40 specimens of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis hollobrokii with a good condition were obtained from El-Saidah Eisha at Cairo Governorate during April, 2015. Fish were transported to the fish laboratory at Animal House of Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University; in large plastic bag containing approximately 20 L of water and a lot of oxygen. In the laboratory, fish were acclimatized for one week in well aerated large glass tank (100x 50x 50 cm) and fed daily on a commercial fish diet ad libitum, before the beginning of the experiment.

Dietary Creatine Supplementation in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata): Comparative Proteomics Analysis on Fish Allergens, Muscle Quality, and Liver.

The quality of fish flesh depends on the skeletal muscle's energetic state and delaying energy depletion through diets supplementation could contribute to the preservation of muscle's quality traits and modulation of fish allergens. Food allergies represent a serious public health problem worldwide with fish being one of the top eight more allergenic foods. Parvalbumins, have been identified as the main fish allergen. In this study, we attempted to produce a low allergenic farmed fish with improved muscle quality in controlled artificial conditions by supplementing a commercial fish diet with different creatine percentages. The supplementation of fish diets with specific nutrients, aimed at reducing the expression of parvalbumin, can be considered of higher interest and beneficial in terms of food safety and human health. The effects of these supplemented diets on fish growth, physiological stress, fish muscle status, and parvalbumin modulation were investigated. Data from zootechnical parameters were used to evaluate fish growth, food conversion ratios and hepatosomatic index. Physiological stress responses were assessed by measuring cortisol releases and muscle quality analyzed by rigor mortis and pH. Parvalbumin, creatine, and glycogen concentrations in muscle were also determined. Comparative proteomics was used to look into changes in muscle and liver tissues at protein level. Our results suggest that the supplementation of commercial fish diets with creatine does not affect farmed fish productivity parameters, or either muscle quality. Additionally, the effect of higher concentrations of creatine supplementation revealed a minor influence in fish physiological welfare. Differences at the proteome level were detected among fish fed with different diets. Differential muscle proteins expression was identified as tropomyosins, beta enolase, and creatine kinase among others, whether in liver several proteins involved in the immune system, cellular processes, stress, and inflammation response were modulated. Regarding parvalbumin modulation, the tested creatine percentages added to the commercial diet had also no effect in the expression of this protein. The use of proteomics tools showed to be sensitive to infer about changes of the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding fish responses to external stimulus, providing a holistic and unbiased view on fish allergens and muscle quality.

Nutritional potential of a novel sea asparagus, Salicornia neei Lag., for human and animal diets

O perfil mineral e o valor nutricional para a alimentação humana e animal de uma nova variedade de aspargo marinho brasileiro Salicornia neei Lag. foram caracterizados por espectrofotometria. As plantas da progênie F4 da variedade pura denominada BTH1, cultivada com efluente salino da carcinicultura, possuem alto conteúdo mineral, particularmente N, K, P, Ca, Fe e Mn. A ingestão diária de 20, 200 e 5 g de caules secos de BTH1-F4 pode ser inserida e suplementada nas dietas, respectivamente, do homem, ovelhas e peixes cultivados comercialmente.

Pathological and Biochemical Studies on some Antimicrobials in Clarias garipeinus Fish Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

). Fish were collected from a private fish farm in Sharkia Governorate and fed commercial fish diet. Fish were divided into six groups; Group 1: non-infected non-treated, Group 2: experimentally infected with

Effects of Salinity on Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Nile Tilapia, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Oreochromus niloticus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Any change in haematological and biochemical parameters could be a predictor of unfavorable environment or effect of different stress factors. The present study was designed to assess different salinity concentration induced changes in some haematological and biochemical parameters in 64 O. niloticus fishes captured from Manzala Lake (Egypt), they were acclimatized and fed with commercial fish diet for one week before starting the experiment for another 2 weeks. Fishes were divided into 4 equal groups assigned as; control, 4g NaCl\L, 8 g NaCl\L and 12 g NaCl\L. RBCs, HCT, Hb concentration, platelets count, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, potassium level and serum total protein were estimated. The HCT, Hb concentration, platelets count and potassium levels were significantly higher in (4gNaCl\L, 8gNaCl\L and12gNaCl\L, respectively). The Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), total protein, RBCs and catalase activit were significantly lower in (4gNaCl\L, 8g NaCl\L and 12gNaCl\L, respectively) compared to the control group. Other parameters such as WBCs, haematimetric indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), malonedialdhyde (MDA) level, carbonyl protein (CP), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as serum sodium, glucose, cortisol and IgM, did not show any significant differences in the estimated salinity concentrations.