Commercial Exploitation Research Articles

International patent inflows and innovative capacity in recipient countries: Evidence from the solar photovoltaics (PV) industry

International patenting activities have long been used as an indicator of technology diffusion, but it is unclear whether international patent inflows promote or block technology innovations in recipient countries. Previous studies conclude that the commercial exploitation of patented inventions in foreign countries is expected to be associated with technology diffusion. However, international patents may also block imitations in foreign countries. To address the conflicting arguments, this study investigates the impact of international patent inflows on innovations in recipient countries using the solar PV industry as the empirical focus. This study finds that international patent inflows have a positive impact on innovations in recipient countries, but the positive impact is stronger for leading countries than latecomers. The findings indicate that international patenting activities may exaggerate the technology gap between leading and lagging countries, which suggests the importance of promoting institutionalized technology cooperation between leading and lagging countries.

A typology of North Sea oil and gas platforms

Since the commercial exploitation of marine oil and gas reserves began in the middle of the twentieth century, extensive networks of offshore infrastructure have been installed globally. Many of the structures are now nearing the end of their operational lives and will soon require decommissioning, generating renewed interest in their environmental impacts and in the ecological consequences of their removal. However, such work requires selection of a subsample of assets for surveying; censuses of the entire ‘population’ in any given jurisdiction are practically impossible due to their sheer number. It is important, therefore, that the selected sample is sufficiently representative of the population to draw generalized conclusions. Here, a formal clustering methodology, partitioning around medoids, was used to produce a typology of surface-piercing oil and gas platforms in the North Sea. The variables used for clustering were hydrocarbon product, operational state, platform design and material, and substructure weight. Assessing intra-cluster variability identified 13 clusters as the optimum number. The most important distinguishing variable was platform type, isolating floating platforms first, then concrete gravity-based and then fixed steel. Following clustering, a geographic trend was evident, with oil production more prevalent in the north and gas in the south. The typology allows a representative subset of North Sea oil and gas platforms to be selected when designing a survey, or an assessment of the representativeness of a previously selected subset of platforms. This will facilitate the efficient use of the limited funding available for such studies.

Life history of the humpnose big-eye bream Monotaxis grandoculis.

This study provides estimates of growth rate, longevity, maturity, spawning seasonality and mortality for Hawai'i's only lethrinid, the humpnose big-eye bream (known as Mū in Hawai'i) Monotaxis grandoculis, a commercially and recreationally important species in Hawai'i and throughout the Indo-Pacific. M. grandoculis reaches maturity at 303 mm fork length or 3.6 years of age for both sexes. Males were significantly larger than females for a given age. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for males and females were L∞ =506 mm fork length and von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (K)=0.24 year-1 , and L∞ =427 mm fork length and K =0.33 year-1 , respectively. Both males and females reached ages over 20 years old, with a maximum age of 23 years. M. grandoculis had a distinct spawning season from May through August with corresponding elevated female gonadosomatic index. An age-based multinomial catch curve indicated that the commercial exploitation rate (natural mortality/fishing mortality) was 0.48 year-1 , which is considered below the overfishing limit.

Growth Regulators Improve Outcrossing Rate of Diverse Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines through Affecting Floral Traits.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides an irreplaceable strategy for commercial exploitation of heterosis and producing high-yielding hybrid rice. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators could improve outcrossing rates of the CMS lines by affecting floral traits and accordingly increase hybrid rice seed production. The present study aimed at exploring the impact of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on promoting floral traits and outcrossing rates in diverse rice CMS lines and improving hybrid rice seed production. The impact of foliar applications of growth regulators comprising GA3 at 300 g/ha or GA3 at 150 g/ha + IAA at 50 g/ha + NAA at 200 g/ha versus untreated control was investigated on floral, growth, and yield traits of five diverse CMS lines. The exogenously sprayed growth regulators, in particular, the combination of GA3, IAA, and NAA (T3) boosted all studied floral, growth, and yield traits in all tested CMS lines. Moreover, the evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits. L2, L3, and L1 displayed the uppermost spikelet opening angle, duration of spikelet opening, total stigma length, style length, stigma brush, and stigma width. In addition, these CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T3. Consequently, exogenous application of GA3, IAA, and NAA could be exploited to improve the floral, growth, and yield traits of promising CMS lines such as L2, L3, and L1, hence increasing outcrossing rates and hybrid rice seed production.

Numerical Investigation on Interference of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures in Layered Formation

Staged treatment in vertical wells is extensively applied in layered formation to obtain commercial exploitation of hydrocarbon resources. Large-sized heterogeneities always exist between multiple hydraulic fractures in different layers. To reveal the interference of multiple hydraulic fractures in layered formation, a series of numerical investigations were conducted based on the cohesive zone finite element method. The results show that the sole stress interference is too small to exert an effective impact on adjacent pay zones, which is quite different from those in horizontal wells. The flow distribution in one pay zone can reach 56.2%, which is more than five times the magnitude of the least 10.5% during the fracturing in three pay zones. The fracture size heterogeneities are mainly caused by the interference of the fluid flow into multiple perforation tunnels in different pay zones. To further clarify how the flow distribution in the pay zones is affected, five related factors, including perforating thickness, pay zone thickness, rock permeability, minimum horizontal stress of the pay zone, and rock strength, are analyzed. The results show that it is through the manner of flow distribution adjustment in each pay zone that the five factors affect the fracture size. This study is of critical importance to clarify how the multiple hydraulic fractures from vertical wells interfere in layered formation and explain why the hydraulic fractures we get in the field are far away from what we want ideally.

Planning, Housing and Environmental Challenges of Hilltop Settlements in Zinariya and Azurfa Areas of Jos, Nigeria

Jos is a town in central Nigeria whose growth and development is closely associated with the commercial exploitation and mining of tin ore by the British colonisers at the beginning of the twentieth century. The terrain of the area is generally over 1000m above sea level. Hilltop settlements within Jos have sprang up as a result of the early mining settlements, rapid urbanization, urban expansion and rapid population growth which have exerted high demand for land for housing. The Government and Urban authorities have failed to provide planned and serviced lands on desirable sites to the expanding population, who in turn have resorted to self-help through the open market to provide shelter for themselves often without planning approvals and basic infrastructural facilities. Settlements on steep slopes and hilltops pose peculiar planning challenges arising from the nature of their terrain, costs of construction and maintenance of buildings, poor structural quality of housing, provision of social services and public facilities; poor drainage, inadequate liquid and solid waste management, haphazard development and proclivity to environmental hazards. The growth of hilltop settlements is expected to have major consequences on both humans and the environment, which are inextricably linked. Implications of these hilltop settlements on physical planning in Jos North includes; deviation from the city master plan, difficulty in the provision of services (both physical and social), chaotic and disorderly growth of the city, inaccessibility to vehicular traffic due to poor road network or lack of it. To carry out the study, descriptive research design and quantitative approach were used. primary data was collected from those households living on the hilltop settlements of Azurfa and Zinariya, which are the case study areas, the researcher distributed 400 questionnaires, out of which, 391 (97.8%) responded by filling and returning the questionnaires. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained using primary and secondary sources of data. Appropriate recommendations were made, and if implemented by government, planning agencies and property developers, this will improve the housing, environmental, infrastructural and the quality of lives of residents of the studied hilltop settlements.

β-Carotene extracted from Blakeslea trispora attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory, hepatic injury and immune damage induced by copper sulfate in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

β-Carotene, as a kind of potent antioxidant compounds, has gained extensive attention. Blakeslea trispora, a filiform aerobic fungus, has been proposed as a natural source of β-carotene for commercial exploitation. However, it has not yet been investigated whether β-carotene extracted from Blakeslea trispora can attenuate oxidative stress, inflammatory, liver injury and immune damage of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to copper sulfate (CuSO4). In this study, we evaluated the effects of β-carotene on migration of GFP-labeled neutrophils, histological changes of liver, markers of oxidative, inflammatory cytokines and transaminase analysis, as well as the expression and activities of apoptosis, immune-related certain genes in zebrafish treated with different concentrations of β-carotene (0, 10, 20, 40 μg/mL) after exposure to CuSO4. The results indicated that β-carotene reduced migration of neutrophils and released liver damage. What's more, β-carotene was found to reduce the index levels of oxidative stress response (HMOX-1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH, MDA), inflammatory factors (interleukine-1β (IL-1β), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), liver function protein (AST, ALT) which increased by CuSO4. β-Carotene also promoted the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, ACP, AKP and LZM and increased the protein of immune-related factors, IgM and IFN-γ after exposure to CuSO4. Thus, our results demonstrate that β-carotene has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity and participation in immunoregulation.

Heterosis and combining ability in diverse A and R lines of pearl millet tested in Western Rajasthan

The present study was conducted to estimate the combining ability and heterosis in pearl millet hybrids. Forty five pearl millet hybrids were developed using three male sterile lines (A line) with fifteen restore lines (R line) through the Line x Tester mating approach and were evaluated during kharif, 2018. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean square of treatments showed significance for all the traits. For days to 50 % flowering and days to maturity, lines viz., ICMA 93333, ICMA 97111, BIB 186, BIB 193 and BIB 281 had negative gca effect so these lines can be used as parents for hybrid development under harsh environmental conditions. Based on sca effect, heterosis and per se performance, crosses ICMA 97111 x BIB 208, ICMA 93333 x BIB 186 and ICMA 88004 x BIB 283 were identified as potential crosses for commercial exploitation of heterosis in pearl millet. Keywords: Pearl millet, male sterile lines, Line x Tester, Combining ability and heterosis

Numerical simulation of depressurization production of natural gas hydrate in different well types

Natural gas hydrate is a widely distributed and abundant clean energy. Due to the great difficulty of its exploitation, natural gas hydrate has not formed a commercial exploitation scale at present, and it mainly stays in the stage of theoretical research and trial exploitation. Therefore, studying the gas production characteristics of hydrate and analyzing the recovery effect under different depressurization mining modes is important for large-scale commercial exploitation in the future. A mathematical model is brought up in this paper based on the open-source simulation program of TOUGH + HYDRATE, considering the four phases of gas, water, hydrate and ice. Based on the geological data of the first trial production of natural gas hydrate in Shenhu area of the South China Sea, this paper establishes the geological model of natural gas hydrate containing underlying free gas and carries out the numerical simulation of depressurization production. The production characteristics of hydrate decomposed gas and free gas in the production process are analyzed, and the recovery rates of hydrate and free gas under different completion methods and fracturing conditions are compared and analyzed. This study shows that the production of natural gas hydrate is highly dependent on the development configuration including well placement and stimulation.

Study on Chemotypic Variability of Coleus forskohlii Briq., Samples Collected from Different Phytogeographical Locations of India and Evaluation of Its Inhibitory Potential.

Coleus forskohlii Briq. is an important medicinal herb, endowed with a wide range of medicinal properties against the variety of ailments. Seven germplasm of C. forskohlii collected from different phyto-geographical locations and identification of elite chemotype was performed with the help of high performance thin layer chromatography. Data of soil analysis correlated with the bioactive compounds and inhibitory potential of the species. Quantification of forskolin and its isomer (iso-forskolin) content were done in all the collected samples of C. forskohlii, which revealed a wide range of variations, varying from 1.15-0.004% and 0.0091 to 0.1077% per dry weights basic, respectively. Variation in the bioactive content may be due to the soil nature and environmental factors. Soil analysis of collected samples demonstrated that there is significant variation in available NPK and micronutrient content and may be reasoned for existing chemotypic variability. In vitro biological activity (antioxidant and antidiabetic) analyses were performed, which reveals that germplasms have a high amount of forskolin and iso-forskolin, both show more activity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of elicitors and precursors on the production of bioactive compounds and identification of best elite germplasm among the populations, to provide basic lead to the industry for commercial exploitability including its location-specific commercial cultivation.

A systematic review of indicators for sustainability of urban heritage sites

PurposeThe revitalisation of tangible and intangible urban heritage can foster social cohesion and drive creativity and innovation in a changing global environment. Recognising its potential for economic development, many local municipalities are putting forward efforts to revitalise these areas. However, this has caused these sites to face new pressures, such as gentrification, demographic shifts and commercial exploitation. Therefore, a sustainable redevelopment of urban heritage sites that strikes a balance between the economic, environmental and social dimensions is needed. To plan and manage this balance, a strong and clear indicator to measure the sustainability of urban heritage is required. The study systematically reviewed through Scopus indexed journals the dimensions to develop sustainable indicators of urban heritage sites and highlighted the gaps for future research. It identified the existing studies and explored publications, research methods, challenges and suggestions to develop the indicators.Design/methodology/approachThe study applied Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. The Boolean search was in Scopus indexed journals for papers related to indicators in sustainable urban heritage sites.FindingsMost of the literature highlighted the interconnected relationships between the indicators for the sustainability of urban heritage sites: social, economic and environmental dimensions. It further revealed that for a more robust management of sustainable monitoring tools, it is crucial to include governance dimensions. Plus, technology is the intertwined aspect for the four dimensions, with culture identified as the centre for sustainability of urban heritage sites.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper only focused on secondary data using literature review papers that recommend gaps for future research. Possible future research includes alternative, niche literature reviews and the implementation of indicators in regional urban heritage sites.Originality/valueIt created a new insight into the dimensions recommended to develop sustainable indicators for urban heritage sites.

Enhancement of gas production from low-permeability hydrate by radially branched horizontal well: Shenhu Area, South China Sea

A high gas production rate is critical for commercial exploitation of hydrate. Most marine hydrates deposit in the silty or clay sediments with low permeability, and gas production rate is low. Herein, a novel deployment of well, radial three-branch horizontal well was numerically investigated to enhance the gas production. A 3D geological model was established based on field trial in the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea. The simulation showed similar gas and water production for single and multi-branch horizontal wells with same length of 250 m. The depth in which well deployed dramatically affects the gas and water production, and which increases with the length of multi-branch well. Meanwhile the ratio of free gas originally distributed in three-phase and gas layers also increases with the length, which is 50% for 1200 m well. The interference around the intersection of branches enhances temperature recovery and the dissociation of underlying hydrates. The standard energy return on investment analysis shows that the economic potential increases linearly with the length of multi-branch well and obviously depends on the content of initial free gas. However, the production balances investment confines only to tens or hundreds of days for all model scenarios.

A comprehensive review on natural occurrence, synthesis and biological activities of glycolipids

Glycolipids are ubiquitous and biologically important molecules and are involved in diverse biological functions and exhibit biosurfactant applications due to their surface-active and biodegradability properties. Despite showing a wide range of biological functions, not enough commercial exploitation has been taken place. Possible reasons for this could be the lack of focus or commercially viable processes for isolation/purification, as these glycolipids are found to be complex mixtures in their respective natural sources. Keeping these complexities in view, in this review, we focused on natural occurrences, including plants, marine micro algae, microorganisms, and salient features of various chemical methods, including glycosylation methods for the synthesis of different types of glycolipids. Further, this review significantly summarises the biological evaluation of a diverse class of glycolipids isolated and/or synthesized either by partial or total synthesis.

Enhancement of Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Native Microbial Consortia

Several biocontrol agents are being employed as one of the alternative methods to chemical measures in agricultural system to manage plant diseases as well as promoting, plant growth and development.Various studies have shown that combination of two or more beneficial microorganisms can have synergistic effect. The present The present study was conducted in 2019 at Department of Plant Pathology, SASRD, Nagaland University to check out the efficacy of indigenous compatible microbial consortia on plant growth promoting activities like seed germination, seedling vigour index, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots by standard filter paper method Three microbial consortia were prepared using native isolates of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens.T1[ (P. fluorescens P-7 + Trichoderma sp. T-5 + Trichoderma sp. T-11), T2 (P.fluorescens P-12 + Trichoderma sp. T-5 + Trichoderma sp. T-11), T3 (P. fluorescens P-7 + P.fluorescens P-12+Trichoderma sp. T-5 + Trichoderma sp. T-11. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) and five replications were maintained for each treatment.The result showed that, T3 significantly increased vigour index of tomato seedlings (93.24 %), including germination per cent (20.84 %), shoot length (61%) and root length (59.36 %) over control at 10 DAS. On the basis of findings, all the tested microbial consortia had significantly promoted the plant growth over control where T3was the best among the tested microbial consortia exhibiting plant growth promoting potential for commercial exploitation.

Development of Child Sex Trafficking Counseling Competencies in the United States: A Delphi Study.

Child sex trafficking (CST), the unlawful recruitment of any minor to engage in commercial sexual exploitation through force, fraud, or coercion, is a growing epidemic worldwide. Sex trafficking can have devastating consequences for children, including long-lasting physical and psychological trauma. Counselors working in clinical and school settings have first-hand access to a number of at-risk populations due to the nature of their work. Yet, counselors in the United States report lack of training on CST as a limitation to their ability to identify and effectively work with CST victims. Limited training derives from the absence of competency standards to guide counselors working with CST victims. To address this critical gap, this research study utilized expert consensus to develop an initial list of CST competencies for counselors working in the United States. A heterogeneous sample of 19-CST experts participated in a four-round Delphi process. The expert panel reached a consensus on 128 CST competency statements organized into five domains: (a) intervention strategies and the helping relationship, (b) trauma and sex trafficking, (c) assessment of risk factors and indicators, (d) ethical practice, and (e) cultural diversity and human growth and development. This article assists in identifying standards of practice necessary for counselors to detect, prevent, and assist sex-trafficked youth. Creating an initial list of competency standards can serve as guiding points for clinical practice training curricula, and quality control assessments for counselors, and possibly other mental health professionals, working with CST.

Development of a novel self-entry exploitation device for marine natural gas hydrate and the feasibility studies

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is a potentially green energy resource for the future. Five trial production experiments of marine NGH have been carried out worldwide. However, the currently widely used drilling method has poor economic applicability, and there are still many critical technical problems that need to be solved. Based on the characteristics of marine NGH reservoir and the exploration principle, a novel self-entry exploration device (SEED) according to the penetration mechanism of torpedo anchor was proposed, and the working principle was described in detail. The SEED could significantly reduce the cost of NGH exploitation because it eliminates the need for deepwater drilling rigs. Moreover, unlike traditional cement wellbore, the SEED is an artificial rigid structure that withstands greater depressurization to increase efficiency. The penetration laws and gas production characteristics of the SEED were studied through numerical simulation. The research results show that the penetration depth into the seabed can reach more than 300 m, which can cover most of the NGH reservoirs' depth. The gas production efficiency is significantly improved compared to the traditional wellbore. The SEED has specific potential for exploring marine NGH, providing a new idea for commercial exploitation.

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS AND VARIABILITY IN THE BIVOLTINE SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L GERMPLASM

Genetic variability is a fundamental and an essential requirement of crop species for the development of superior breeds of high commercial value with strong genetic base. Evaluation and estimation of genetic potentials of silkworm breeds are of prime importance in order to identify promising silkworm genotypes for its commercial exploitation through breeding to enhance the silk productivity for sustainable use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of vast silkworm germplasm and to estimate the genetic parameters of important productive traits. 368 bivoltine silkworm accessions from the germplasm are considered for assessment of genetic variability with five year data on important productive traits. Wide range of variability was observed based on Coefficient of Variation (%) values in the productive parameters viz., fecundity (11.316), weight of the larva (9.285), cocoon yield (7.892), single cocoon weight (8.272 ), shell weight and (12.289) shell ratio (7.082). Based on the multiple trait analysis by Mano index values, 20 top performing accessions were selected and genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic advance and phenotypic & genotypic coefficient of variances were estimated. Pooled ANOVA of 20 selected silkworm accessions indicates significant variations @1% level over the five generations in all the parameters. Higher heritability associated genetic advance was recorded in cocoon weight, shell ratio, shell weight and larval weight, besides, higher genotypic and phenotypic variances in cocoon weight. The results enumerate the importance of evaluation of silkworm germplasm and estimation of genetic parameters for selection of parental stocks for subsequent breeding programme in development of desired breeds.

Elucidation of Nature of Gene Action and Estimation of Combining Ability Effects for Fruit Yield Improvement and Yield Attributing Traits in Brinjal Landraces

Genetic progress in quantitative traits can be improved by understanding how genes interact and estimating the consequences of combining abilities. As a result, a randomized block design with three replications was used to conduct forty crossings using a line X tester mating design with ten lines and four testers. All of the qualities were shown to be highly variable based on the ANOVA (analysis of variance) results among lines, testers, and hybrids. An estimated predictability ratio showed a high prevalence of nonadditive gene action, which was further confirmed by the lower narrow-sense heritability values for all traits. Most of the characters had high general combining ability and specific combining ability estimates, showing the relevance of both additive and nonadditive gene effects, respectively. For all of these features, however, the specific combining ability variations were greater than the general combining ability variances. Since heterosis breeding can lead to better hybrids, it may be a good idea to do so. For most yield-related parameters, such as fruit diameter, fruit per plant, marketable fruit per plant, yield per plant, marketable yield per plant, and total yield, RKML-26 and RKML-34 were the best general combiners among all lines. So, these lines might be employed as parents in hybridization programme in future to get suitable recombinants for higher fruit yield. However, the best cross combinations for commercial hybrid exploitation were RKML-26 X Pusa purple cluster (PPC) and RKML-2 X Swarna Shyamli. These crosses exhibiting higher per se performance and desirable specific combining ability effects together with either both or at least one parent as a competent combiner would be rewarding for heterosis breeding. Combining traditional breeding methods with biotechnological approaches, according to a new study, is critical for the transfer of favorable genes (traits) into farmed plants.

Slippery customers for conservation: Distribution and decline of anguillid eels in South Africa

Abstract Four anguillid eel species occur in the western Indian Ocean rivers of Africa: Anguilla bengalensis, Anguilla bicolor, Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla mossambica. These catadromous fishes face multiple stressors, including habitat alteration and deterioration, barriers to migration, pollution and the adverse impacts of alien species, but knowledge of eel species occurrence, abundance and ecology in Africa remains poor. This study investigated the present and historical distribution of anguillid eels and the potential associated drivers of declines at the southern extremities of their ranges in South Africa. Data analysed included sampling conducted in KwaZulu–Natal and Eastern Cape between 2015 and 2020, and secondary data extracted from databases, museums and local management agencies. The median extent of inland penetration increased as follows: 22 km for A. bicolor, 29 km for A. marmorata, 94 km for A. bengalensis and 293 km for A. mossambica. The median altitude followed a similar pattern. Extent of occurrence analyses were carried out at the regional level in KwaZulu–Natal. The sampling data on present distribution (2015–2020), compared with historical data, suggests declines in the extents of occurrence of the four eel species in KwaZulu–Natal, ranging between 31 and 48% in the last 30 years and between 35 and 82% since the 1950s. With increasing human threats in the region, especially from watercourse modification and water abstraction, further declines for these species are expected. Conservation measures recommended include the maintenance or restoration of the ecological connectivity of important rivers and the implementation of freshwater protected areas. Although eels are at present not widely exploited in South Africa, there is a need for fisheries regulations to manage sustainable commercial exploitation.

Medical First Responders and Child Sexual Exploitation: Needs, Efforts, and Next Steps

ABSTRACT Child victims of commercial sexual exploitation often have medical needs requiring emergency care. Medical first responders (MFRs), such as ambulatory care providers and firefighters, have enormous potential to both identify these victims and link them to a host of services. Unfortunately, little is known about the MFRs’ awareness of CSEC, or the range of strategies and procedures MFRs’ use with CSEC victims. The purpose of this study was to assess MFRs current needs and ongoing efforts to combat commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). To this end, a total of 210 MFRs completed a survey examining departmental awareness of CSEC, perceived scope, departmental preparedness, and comfort with both identifying and connecting CSEC victims to appropriate services. Approximately a third (37.1%) of respondents indicated their department had no awareness of CSEC. Most participants indicated that while CSEC was a “very large” issue in the United States (80.9%), it was not an issue in their community (51.2%). Participants noted a lack of community resources and feeling largely unprepared for the CSEC cases they had previously encountered. Overwhelmingly, results suggest that MFRs need training and support around CSEC identification and service needs. Next steps, including multidisciplinary teams inclusive of MRFs and screening protocols, are discussed.