Energy Development Research Articles

6E analysis and particle swarm optimization of a novel ultra-high temperature solar cogeneration system fusing thermochemical energy storage and multistage direct heat transfer

The reshaping of the energy development model depends on the penetration of renewable energy on the input side and the substitution of electrical energy on the supply side. Therefore, this research proposes a novel solar cogeneration system in which the Brayton cycle possesses triple pressure and can be flexibly coupled directly to each subsystem under supercriticality without intermediate exchangers. Firstly, a series of research tasks are executed sequentially, including model establishment, cycle potential comparison, operating parameter analysis, and multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Secondly, the exergy flow rate, consumption rate, and 6E (energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, emergoeconomic, and emergoenvironmental) performances of each subsystem and subcomponent are thoroughly discussed. Lastly, the operating performance, economic benefits, and regional characteristics of each subsystem and the cogeneration system are explored. After optimization, the exergy efficiency, average advanced exergy-emergy factor, and advanced exergy-emergy impact difference of the system are 22.72 %, 56.17 %, and 23.97 %. Compared with similar research, the energy efficiency of the system is improved by 8.2 %, which can repay the capital cost in 8.83 years, and the economic benefit reaches $5,503,086 for the entire service year. The system embodies excellent 6E performance, aligns with the goals of reshaping the energy development model, and provides guidelines for the development of ultra-high temperature solar cogeneration.

Analysis of Geometric and Material Parameters in the Modal Stability of Wind Turbine Brakes Using the Complex Eigenvalue Method

Wind energy is a sustainable and forward-thinking investment, harnessing the vast power of the wind to generate electricity. Recent decades have seen significant advancements in floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), which hold great potential for expanding offshore wind energy infrastructure. While wind power has grown in popularity, it has raised questions about the operations and maintenance of wind turbines, particularly those located in remote and challenging environments. Offshore wind energy offers optimal wind conditions and construction flexibility, but FOWTs face complex marine conditions, including turbulent forces, wind variations, and unpredictable weather events. Emergency Mechanical Braking (EMB) is commonly used to swiftly stop wind turbines during adverse conditions, but frequent use can lead to structural oscillations, mooring failures, and blade damage. These issues can result in emergency situations, increased downtime, and higher maintenance costs. One significant challenge in understanding wind turbine brake system instability is the cost of experimental studies. To address this, our work introduces an iterative method that establishes correlations between brake component properties (like Young’s modulus and friction coefficient), geometric and operational parameters, and key instability factors such as frequency and intensity. Using finite element analysis and complex eigenvalue analysis, this approach focuses on reducing vibration instability and optimizing braking performance. Our study yielded intriguing results, including the observation that reducing brake pad thickness, whether through design choices or natural wear, decreases total unstable points but shifts instabilities to lower frequencies. Ultimately, our research highlights the importance of various parameters in wind turbine brake system instability.

"An Integrated Model for Adopting Renewable Energy in IRAQ: A Standard Study for the Period (1992-2023)"

Data related to the study variables were collected for the period from 1992 to 2023, with the sample size reaching 31 observations for each variable. This research aims to review and analyze descriptive data for these multiple variables, which are related to different areas of renewable energy use and electricity consumption in Iraq. This research addresses important variables, including renewable energy, government policies related to it, and the level of public awareness of the subject. In addition, other variables such as electricity consumption, country's population, volume of imports and exports, economic growth, technological innovation, and foreign direct investment flows are analysed. The importance of this research is to understand the trends and factors influencing the field of renewable energy in Iraq, which can contribute to developing effective policies to promote the use of renewable energy and achieve environmental and economic sustainability in the country. Considering the negative impact, the variables EC (electricity consumption), NPG (population) and GP (economic growth) seem to have a negative impact on renewable energy production in the long run. Increased electrical consumption and population and economic growth can lead to increased demand for traditional sources of energy, reducing environmental sustainability and exposing the country to negative consequences in the future. On the other hand, the positive effect of the variables EG (economic growth), FDIF (foreign direct investment inflows), I (imports), PA (exports) and TI (technological innovation) on renewable energy production is shown. Increased investment in renewable energy infrastructure and adoption of clean technology can contribute to achieving environmental sustainability and boosting the economy. Using EViews 12 software, these variables will be analyzed according to available data with the aim of understanding trends, challenges and opportunities related to renewable energy in Iraq.

Prospects of organizational and legal provision of energy security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern geopolitical processes

The scientific article is devoted to one of the important objects of national security – energy security. The organizational and legal approaches to the regulation of energy security are singled out and certain aspects of state regulation of energy efficiency are outlined, taking into account modern geopolitical processes. The definition of energy security is formulated, its global nature is indicated, which determines its provision through the joint efforts of all countries of the world, taking into account the internal characteristics and needs of the industry. It was emphasized that energy security as an object of state policy in the conditions of armed aggression against Ukraine requires proper legal regulation and continuous coordinated state management influence in order to ensure the energy independence of the country and the stable operation of energy infrastructure facilities. The analysis of the legal provision of energy security in Ukraine allowed us to come to the conclusion about the ramifications of the legislation in the specified area, the lack of optimization and systematization of energy legislation, its conflict and tolerance for the monopoly position of energy market participants. In the conditions of the war in Ukraine, the main direction of legislative regulation of the energy market is the introduction of tax benefits, temporary special taxation regimes. It was concluded that the introduction of the Institute of the Authorized President of Ukraine on Energy Safety, the development of the Institute of Public Control in the specified field is considered a promising direction for improving the national institutional mechanism for ensuring energy security. Arguments are also given that the institutional and legal mechanisms for ensuring energy security should provide for: permanent strategic planning of the development of the energy sector; coordination of energy policy with other areas of state policy; elimination of illegal administrative influence on energy market participants; taking measures to improve energy efficiency; creation of conditions for the development of technological innovations in the field of functioning of the energy infrastructure; increasing the effectiveness of preventing cyber threats; taking measures to reduce the level of corruption and the influence of the political will of elites on the energy market of Ukraine, state deregulation and demonopolization of the energy resources market.

Unlocking responsive flexibility within local energy communities in the presence of grid-scale batteries

The transition towards a decentralized, decarbonized, and distributed energy infrastructure necessitates techno-economic initiatives to empower local energy communities (LECs) to achieve self-reliance and evolve into self-sustained electricity networks. It is crucial to underscore the significance of network resilience, especially in the context of local power generation, battery storage, and the radial topology of low-voltage (LV) networks. While contemporary LV networks have made significant attempts to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs), the notable deficiency lies in their lack of network redundancy, posing a substantial challenge in the occurrence of high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events. Therefore, to enhance LV network resilience and leverage its capability to withstand unexpected disruptions, the network operator needs to unlock the potential contributions of end-users within the active distribution networks (ADNs). In this paper, a comprehensive model is developed based on multi-temporal optimal power flow (MTOPF) for unbalanced LV networks addressing the technical issues in islanded microgrid operational planning. The contributions of the grid-scale batteries in forming islanded microgrids and the flexibility that can be provided by the end-users in the LEC have been considered in this paper. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed model, the simulation studies have been carried out on a part of medium and low voltage networks, consisting of network reconfiguration and load transferring capability to reduce the service interruptions during HILP events. The energy-not-served (ENS) is chosen as one of the key performance indicators (KPIs) in this study. With the unlocking flexibility potentials and contribution of the DERs, including grid-scale energy storage (GES) units and Photovoltaic (PV) panels, the ENS has been reduced from 700.8 kWh to 447.5 kWh by activating the local resources, proper switching action, and contribution of the flexible loads, for one of the severe HILP events, i.e., the main grid outage. In this case, the full load curtailment index is reduced from 180 to 106 client hours.

Results of experimental development of a laboratory water distillation installation based on a heat pump and a photovoltaic panel

Modern technologies and the continuous rise in water consumption require efficient and environmentally friendly methods of its extraction. According to the energy development strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035, the use of alternative energy sources in industry is a priority task for production. The use of renewable resources to produce distilled water for the needs of enterprises is becoming increasingly important. The innovative technology of a laboratory installation, combining water distillation using a heat pump and a photovoltaic panel, allows not only to obtain purified water, but also to heat the coolant before chemical purification. To create a laboratory stand, it is necessary to study the operating principles of the installation, divide the device into units: the main stand and the vacuum distiller, then model a three-dimensional image of each part of the complex in the SolidWorks software package. Based on the obtained models, a functional diagram of the complex is developed to obtain a coolant of the given parameters, and an algorithm is compiled for predicting the temperature of the heated water in the heat pump. The obtained installation test results are processed, and compared with theoretical data from tables of refrigerant properties, and a conclusion is drawn. The technology for producing purified water is aimed at replacing imported technologies and using renewable energy sources. The development of technologies for producing clean water is a priority for the development of the Russian energy sector. The results obtained indicate the potential of the laboratory installation for use in various areas where a reliable and environmentally friendly supply of distilled water is required, for example, in coastal areas for industrial facilities or agricultural enterprises.

A comprehensive survey of the application of swarm intelligent optimization algorithm in photovoltaic energy storage systems

With the rapid development of renewable energy, photovoltaic energy storage systems (PV-ESS) play an important role in improving energy efficiency, ensuring grid stability and promoting energy transition. As an important part of the micro-grid system, the energy storage system can realize the stable operation of the micro-grid system through the design optimization and scheduling optimization of the photovoltaic energy storage system. The structure and characteristics of photovoltaic energy storage system are summarized. From the perspective of photovoltaic energy storage system, the optimization objectives and constraints are discussed, and the current main optimization algorithms for energy storage systems are compared and evaluated. The challenges and future development of energy storage systems are briefly described, and the research results of energy storage system optimization methods are summarized. This paper summarizes the application of swarm intelligence optimization algorithm in photovoltaic energy storage systems, including algorithm principles, optimization goals, practical application cases, challenges and future development directions, providing new ideas for better promotion and application of new energy photovoltaic energy storage systems and valuable reference.

Justice concerns in large-scale renewable energy projects: a case study echoing the importance of procedural justice in wind energy development in Kenya

BackgroundLarge-scale renewable energy projects are increasingly being rolled out across rural Kenya, with the government playing a frontline role in attracting energy investors through various state-led and state-centric policies and investment incentives such as feed-in-tariffs and power purchase agreements. While these policies are commendable, and are indeed attracting many private investors, existing studies document how social and environmental justice concerns are often overlooked—sometimes causing local contestations against energy projects. However, to date, there has been less attention given to cases where procedural justice elements (e.g., access to information, access to meaningful participation, access to justice, and respect for local culture) led to a successful land negotiation for energy development without outright conflict. Using a case study in Kenya, this article aims to bridge this gap by showing how a fair application of various elements of procedural justice in land consultation has facilitated the establishment of the Kipeto wind farm. This qualitative research is based on semi-structured interviews that took place from February to March 2023, with a follow-up visit in December the same year, supplemented with review of secondary data sources.ResultsThe results indicate that for energy projects to be accommodated in and by communities, access to land must be properly negotiated, particularly with the actual landowners whose livelihoods are most likely to be implicated by the project. Second, local people’s perception of what they regard as a ‘just’ or ‘fair’ process of land consultation constitutes the basis for their acquiescence and compliance.ConclusionEnsuring a ‘just’ procedure in land consultation with the actual landowners is a key strategy to avoid conflicts. Land investors, governments, and policy-makers who interface and negotiate with communities must ensure the provision of procedural justice, particularly in contexts where local livelihood is tied to land and where land is individually owned. Although the findings suggest a positive case of wind energy development in Kenya, the project is barely 4 years old; things may change overtime if agreed conditions are not met as specified in the MoU. Therefore, additional follow-up research is needed to ascertain the extent to which both KEL and landowners live up to their promises.

On the Internationalization of English Teaching System in the Planning of Sustainable Development of Future Renewable Energy

Energy is an essential element of human production and business activities. At present, China's energy development and utilization is facing the contradiction between increasing environmental pressure and high emission energy consumption structure. Based on the optimal power flow algorithm, this paper optimizes the scheduling and international teaching of the power system with a high proportion of renewable energy. The probability density function of fan output and photovoltaic output is obtained by wind speed and light intensity model, and the probability density function of load is also proposed. Then, interruptible load, microgrid and energy storage are used as flexible resources to improve the system’s flexibility to meet the random fluctuations caused by a high proportion of wind and light, so as to maintain the stable operation of the power grid. The mathematical model of process optimization power flow satisfying process constraints is a nonlinear time-varying system. The key to process optimization power flow algorithm is to find a simple and effective linearization and discretization method that is in line with the actual power network. On the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the model, the theory, model and algorithm of the process optimization power flow are studied on the basis of the proposed linear time period, the approximate linear time variability of the node voltage, and the goal of greatly simplifying the problem. Finally, through simulation analysis, comparing the results of model 1 and model 2, we can see that from the point of view of the power abandonment cost, the power abandonment cost of model 1 is 2.29 million yuan, which is less than the 8 million yuan of model 2. From the perspective of depth peaking and start-stop times, the total depth peaking of model 1 is 331 times, which is greater than that of model 2, 258 times. The total start-stop of model 1 is 15 times, which is more than 9 times of model 2, so the total cost of optimized electricity of wind and light in model 2 is less than that in model 1. According to the optimal scheduling model of wind and light renewable energy, the effective utilization rate of renewable energy in China is low, and the teaching system should pay attention to this problem. Therefore, this paper puts forward an international English teaching strategy for the utilization rate of renewable energy.

Triboelectric Nanogenerators Using Recycled Disposable Medical Masks for Water Wave Energy Harvesting

AbstractIn the current daily life of people, the usage for disposable medical masks (DMMs) continues to be high. Discarded DMMs eventually become plastic pollution, threatening the marine environment seriously. At present, the common plastic recycling methods are extensive and not completely applicable for DMM recycling. In this work, according to the special structural and material characteristics of DMMs, a simple and effective recycling solution is proposed based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). First, a pulsed electric field system is designed and fabricated to treat the recycled films. The sterilizing rate reaches 91.8%, and the film surface potential is enhanced at the same time. Then, the feasibility of the treated films to be applied as the friction layers of TENGs is verified. Moreover, the recycled films are upgraded by chemical and physical methods, improving the output current of the basic TENG by 3.28 times. Finally, a complete TENG device is constructed to harvest water wave energy, 93.75% of which is made from recycled DMM materials. Under water waves, the power density of 18.22 W m−3 is achieved. Starting from TENG technology, this study combines circular economy and clean energy development, which is of significance for carbon neutralization.

Hierarchy of environmental impacts in hydroelectric projects established in mountain ecosystems

In Bolivia, hydroelectric projects are gaining relevance as a source of renewable energy, which is why there is little record of specific experiences on the implementation of hydroelectric projects in mountain areas that include an analysis of the environment within the framework of sustainability energetic. The present study takes a hydroelectric reservoir project established in a mountain ecosystem as a unit of analysis to demonstrate that a hierarchy of environmental impacts responds more precisely to the environmental dimension, according to its technical and ecosystem characteristics. The development of the work starts with the analysis of the information recorded in the Environmental Impact Assessment Study - EEIA and based on this information, a procedure is carried out to rank the environmental impacts with the use of matrix, qualitative and quantitative methods, in addition to the use of specialized software. Finally, it is concluded that there are no standard evaluations, and it is affirmed that the EIA of any hydro-energy project, whether established or not, in a mountain ecosystem, is a complex and unique problem. Therefore, a hierarchical ranking of environmental impacts in an initial and particular way to the project site area contributes in a real and effective way to an environmental sustainability of the intervened ecosystem, within the framework of Sustainable Energy Development.

Investigating the potential of in-situ fluidized mining of previously inaccessible coal seams through the utilization of super hot rock geothermic technology

This study aims to explore a cutting-edge model that combines geothermal energy and coal resource development. Specifically, it focuses on the development model of ultra-deep super-hot rock (SHR) resources and unmineable coal seams through in-situ thermal decomposition technology using supercritical water steam. Through extensive investigation and assessment of technical challenges, we have extensively explored the potential of using supercritical water steam for thermal decomposition of coal seams. We examined the potential benefits in terms of energy conversion efficiency and environmental impact. Despite the significant theoretical prospects of this method, practical application has encountered multiple challenges such as high costs, drilling technology difficulties, and the complexity of reservoir modification technology. The significant investment costs primarily arise from the expenses associated with drilling operations and acquiring equipment. Simultaneously, there are challenges in the realm of technology that require the adaptation of drilling techniques to withstand extreme temperatures and pressures. Additionally, there is a need to explore novel methods for modifying reservoirs in order to sustain fracture openings. In the face of these challenges, this study proposes three main directions for future research and technology development: developing new efficient and environmentally friendly reservoir reconstruction technologies, exploring technologies suitable for low-temperature catalytic reactions in deep coal seams, and improving the accuracy and practicability of microseismic monitoring technologies. With the help of these technological advancements, the aim is to address the existing challenges and drive the integrated progress ultra-deep super hot rock and coal measures towards a more sustainable and economically viable direction. The research results will offer fresh insights and solutions for the realm of deep energy development, playing a crucial role in advancing the progress of sustainable energy technology.

Energy structure optimization of shandong province by 2035 under double carbon goal

Abstract In this paper, based on the existing population size, economic development level, industrial structure, current status of energy production and consumption, and current status of electricity production and consumption in Shandong Province, the LEAP-Shandong model was constructed by using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model as a research tool, which is used to forecast the population size, GDP, energy consumption, and electricity structure of different industries in Shandong Province up to 2035 under three scenarios: policy development scenario, energy efficiency improvement scenario, and enhanced low-carbon scenario. The result shows that the population of Shandong province is expected to peak at 10, 426, 000 by 2033, and then slowly decline; in the enhanced low-carbon scenario, with an appropriate slowdown in economic development, further optimization of industrial structure and enhancement of energy efficiency can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the terminal energy-using sector in Shandong province. Based on the results, the main recommendations for Shandong’s energy development are as follows: to build a low-carbon industrial system in Shandong in light of new development opportunities; to build a new energy development system in light of Shandong’s energy characteristics; and to promote the low-carbon transformation of Shandong’s energy in light of the new model of the energy industry.

A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model to enhance energy security: the case of Morocco

Energy security has become increasingly important because of its impact on all sectors of the economy, and even more because of the scarcity of primary energy resources and price fluctuations caused by geopolitical tensions. This has prompted all countries to assess their energy situation and take strategic measures to mitigate energy risks. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify the dimensions of energy security with the greatest impact on Morocco's energy security, as well as the priority strategic measures for mitigating energy risk. To this end, we consider the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) method, which is a multiple criteria decision analysis method, which has been used to obtain results based on a structured evaluation process. The obtained results, following the considered comparison matrix, underscore that availability and resilience dimensions have the greatest impact on the Moroccan energy security, with respective weights of 48% and 28%. Besides, mitigating energy risk in Morocco primarily involves the development of renewable energies compared with seven other proposed measures, along with their degree of priority.

Study on green power supply modes for heavy load in remote areas

In this study, the present situation and characteristics of power supply in remote areas are summarized. By studying the cases of power supply projects in remote areas, the experience is analyzed and described, and the applicability of related technologies, such as grid-forming storage and power load management, is studied, including grid-connection technologies, such as grid-forming converters and power load management. On this basis, three power-supply modes were proposed. The application scenarios and advantages of the three modes were compared and analyzed. Based on the local development situation, the temporal sequences of the three schemes are described, and a case study was conducted. The study of the heavy-load power supply mode in remote areas contributes to solving the problem of heavy-load green power consumption in remote areas and promoting the further development of renewable energy.

Distribution and potential assessment of biomass raw material resources in the Inner Mongolia region

Abstract With the national energy transition and upgrading, the development of clean energy has attracted significant attention. Among these, agricultural biomass energy plays a crucial role in realizing a low-carbon transition. Taking the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study, this research assesses and analyzes the potential of biomass availability in agricultural waste by introducing net biomass calculation. It also examines the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of available biomass resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region using GIS software. The results indicate that in 2022, the total amount of straw resources in Inner Mongolia will reach 48, 926, 800, 000 tons, with 24, 198, 900, 000 tons of available biomass energy. Additionally, the dry matter content of livestock and poultry waste is estimated at 28, 198, 000, 000 tons, with 14, 233, 200, 200 tons of available biomass energy. Geospatial analysis reveals a decreasing trend in the regional distribution of available biomass resources from the northeast to the southwest. Furthermore, this paper analyzes various biomass utilization methods. It is estimated that biomass resources can reduce carbon emissions by 913.72 tons if used for biomass power generation. Biomass can also be utilized in pyrolysis and gasification processes. Through these conversion technologies, approximately 2562.62 tons of available biomass in the Inner Mongolia region can be converted. In the benefit analysis, the Inner Mongolia region demonstrates a good economic and environmental situation, with an estimated economic benefit and environmental situation, with an estimated economic benefit of about 70-17 million yuan. Overall, agricultural biomass feedstocks in Inner Mongolia hold significant potential for achieving the dual-carbon goals. Relevant departments should intensify their research and development efforts to promote green agriculture and realize sustainable development.

Metabolite comparative variation related lipid metabolisms among fruit, leaf, and stem of Jatropha curcas

The issue of non-renewable energy scarcity has persisted over an extended period, primarily due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the adverse effects of their utilization. This scarcity stems from the finite nature of fossil energy resources. The development of oil energy or biofuels aims to utilize oil-producing plants such as Jatropha curcas to develop alternative energy resources. However, metabolomic studies in Jatropha curcas are limited and need more investigations. Therefore, this research was essential to find biomarkers of metabolites among the fruit, leaf, and stem of Jatropha curcas using the GC-MS technique. We tested the metabolite profile with the R program, especially the metaboanalystR package, to determine fold change metabolite and pathway analysis. We found that 54 metabolites were detected in both fruit, leaf, and stem tissues of Jatropha curcas L, of which 19 metabolites were upregulated in the fruit, 20 metabolites in the leaf, and 15 up-regulated metabolites in the stem. The metabolites found formed three clusters based on correlation and networking metabolites analysis. The three clusters showed a relationship with the lipid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, provisional information was obtained that there was a different pattern of expression of metabolites between fruit, leaf, and stem tissues in Jatropha curcas, which was thought to be related to the critical metabolites of oleic acid and methylcyclohexane carboxylate in the biosynthetic pathway of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. This information is essential as an initial reference for genetic engineering Jatropha curcas so that it can be used to transform plants, especially lipid-producing plants, as a source of oil.

Energy management in integrated energy system with electric vehicles as mobile energy storage: An approach using bi-level deep reinforcement learning

The integrated energy system with electric vehicle charging station via vehicle-to-grid aims to offer a proactive solution for low-carbon development of both energy and transportation sectors. However, achieving optimal energy efficiency with minimal operational costs in such a complex system is challenging due to the high randomness of electric vehicle travel patterns. This work proposes a reinforcement learning-based energy management framework to optimize the coordinated scheduling of integrated energy and vehicle-to-grid. The problem is modeled as a Markov Decision Process and optimized using the bi-level soft actor-critic algorithm, where the upper-level agent supervises the scheduling of the integrated energy system, and lower-level agent sets the electric vehicles’ charging and discharging strategies based on upper-level decision. Numerical simulations demonstrated that by adopting a bi-level reinforcement learning approach, the proposed algorithm effectively enhances energy exchange between integrated energy and electric vehicle charging station, reducing operational costs by 8 % compared to other multi-agent algorithms. Furthermore, when compared to the Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model, the proposed algorithm achieves similar optimality with significantly less computation time, maintaining a margin of error of approximately 4 %. Additionally, integrating electric vehicles as mobile energy storage within this framework can lead to a further 10 % reduction in operating costs.

Transient response of a megawatt-scale solar photovoltaic in an electric distribution utility

There is an increasing trend among customers of an electrical distribution utility to adopt grid-tied solar photovoltaic systems. This shift offers multiple benefits to consumers, including lower monthly electricity bills and a contribution to the development of green energy. For the electrical distribution utility, various impacts may arise due to varying levels of solar energy penetration. This study investigates the effects of integrating varying levels of solar photovoltaic penetration into the commercial consumer network of Cagayan de Oro Electric Power and Light Company (CEPALCO) in the Philippines. Utilizing PowerWorld simulator, the research evaluates 11 different scenarios with solar penetration levels adjusted according to the percentage of load demand. Key findings include alterations in solar megavolt ampere of reactive power output, bus voltage levels, transformer power loading, and transmission line ampacity, with frequency levels remaining stable across scenarios. The optimal solar penetration level was identified at 70%, balancing the benefits of solar energy integration with the need to maintain grid stability and operational limits. This optimal level ensures the effective utilization of renewable energy sources without compromising the performance of CEPALCO’s electrical infrastructure. The research concludes with recommendations for maintaining grid stability and operational limits at the optimal solar penetration limits.

Preface

This volume contains the invited lectures and general progress reports presented at 2024 3rd International Symposium on New Energy Technology Innovation and Low Carbon Development (NET-LC 2024). The Conference was held via hybrid form in Guangzhou, China from 29th to 31st March 2024. The motivation for NET-LC 2024 was the need for a detailed consideration of the research and development of new energy and low carbon technologies. The topics of the papers collected in this Proceedings cover but are not limited to the following areas: Renewable Energy Systems, Energy Storage Technology, Energy Materials, Electrical Batteries and BMS, Motor System Modeling and Analysis, Smart Grids, New Energy Vehicles, etc. We hope that this volume will be an important resource of information about the latest progress in new energy and low carbon technologies and will be useful, first of all, for students, but also for researchers and professionals in relevant industries. The Conference was attended by over 300 delegates from Malaysia, USA, India, Denmark, Turkey, South Korea, China, and other countries. It mainly featured opening speech, keynote speeches, oral presentations, poster presentations, closing speech, academic investigation, allowing for a relaxed discussion of research results and facilitating productive academic atmosphere. In the Conference, we had two renowned professors acting as keynote speakers to deliver speeches and share expertise insights based on their own researches for all participants to learn from. Lim Boon Han, Professor of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, focusing on high-resolution solar irradiance and its applications to optimize PV power plants design in the tropics, shared his study Bifacial PV System in the Tropics with us. And next, Omid Mahian, Professor of Ningbo University, China, and reviewer for over 100 international journals, having published more than 200 SCI papers, made a report on Nanoparticles and Thermal Systems. While sharing their research experiences and professional insights, they interacted with the participants and answering their questions. And all the speeches were well received, triggering heated discussion. We would like to thank the invited speakers for their participation at NET-LC 2024 and for their efforts writing contributions for this paper volume. We also express our gratitude to the expert reviewers for their careful choice of the conference contributions and enormous effort. Special thanks to the Program Committee members for their efforts in preparing and making the Program. Acknowledgement also to the editors and related staff of Journal of Physics: Conference Series for their time and support in publishing this paper volume. We firmly believe that this successful conference will stimulate further development of the interdisciplinary research fields of energy. The Committee of NET-LC 2024 List of Committee member is available in this Pdf.