Energy Development Research Articles

HORIZONS OF SUSTAINABILITY: THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN IN THE WORLD ENERGY AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

Hydrogen energy is a promising direction in the field of the energy industry of the future. The article presents a review of research, analyzing the relevance in Kazakhstan and in the world as a whole, reveals the importance of hydrogen energy in the context of modern challenges, such as climate change, the need for sustainable development and diversification of the energy sector. The international experience of the introduction of hydrogen energy is analyzed, with a focus on the USA and the European Union. National programs and projects designed to stimulate the development of hydrogen technologies, create infrastructure, and attract investment are being considered. Based on the analysis, some problematic issues are highlighted that require further research and development. They include the development of more efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production technologies, the creation of a reliable storage and transportation system, as well as the development of appropriate legislation and policies. In conclusion, the article makes recommendations for the further development of hydrogen energy. They include the need to strengthen international cooperation, educational programs and information campaigns, as well as support from Governments and financial organizations.

THE PRICE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED ENERGETIC COMMODITIES

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the price development of electrical energy and inflation as a commodity in the course of the past 10 years. The production of electrical energy decreased from 83.7 TWh in 2010 to 70.6 TWh in 2020 in the Czech Republic in accordance with the results achieved by using the methods of descriptive statistics, time series, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The consumption of energy slightly increased. The proportion of production to consumption declined and consumption was higher than production in 2020. The prices of electricity reveal oscillations influenced by the conflict in the Ukraine. The use of the sources of energy changed, however, without specific trends. The dependence of prices on inflation is considerable and direct. Energy policy ought to deal with the dependence on import and support the domestic production of energy.

Empowering Bangladesh: A Study on Synergizing Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technologies for Sustainable Development

This paper shows a study of the Smart Grid in Bangladesh, emphasizing the incorporation of renewable energy sources. Its aim is to provide an overview of global renewable energy demand and highlight the significance of a smart grid system in fostering sustainability and dropping CO2 emissions.The total renewable energy generation of Bangladesh stood at a meager 1.34% in 2009, representing its low comparative position with other nations. Unfortunately, there has been a little improvement over time, as the total renewable energy generation was 1.51% in 2014 and only slightly increased to 1.57% by 2019. To overcome the addressed issue, it requires massive potential of renewable energy sources to ensure a lucrative, secure, and high-quality supply. This can be achieved through effective monitoring and control mechanisms within the grid system.The integration of cutting-edge technologies such as bi-directional current flow, bi-directional communication systems, automatic working capacity, automatic control systems, and rear systems are required if the upgradation of the current power structure is needed. These advancements will contribute to the enhanced performance, reliability, and security of the renewable energy infrastructure. By embracing a smart grid system and optimizing the integration of renewable energy, Bangladesh can pave the way towards a sustainable future. This will not only boost the country's renewable energy generation but also play a vital role in mitigating CO2 emissions. IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 26-44

IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY INVESTMENTS ON EMPLOYMENT IN AZERBAIJAN

Transition to alternative energy sources is increasingly recognized as a vital component of global efforts to mitigate climate change and foster sustainable development. This study examines the impact of alternative energy investments on employment, focusing on the renewable energy sector's role in generating job opportunities. Paper explores the mechanisms through which investments in alternative energy projects, such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass, influence employment outcomes. Key factors influencing employment generation, including technological innovation, infrastructure development, policy frameworks, and market dynamics, are analyzed to understand the complex interplay between alternative energy investments and labor markets. The study highlights the potential for alternative energy investments to create diverse employment opportunities across various sectors. Furthermore, it examines the socio-economic benefits of renewable energy projects in terms of job creation, skills development and income generation. By elucidating the relationship between alternative energy investments and employment, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the transformative potential of renewable energy transition in devising strategies to maximize the socio-economic benefits of sustainable energy development. Findings show upward trend in average monthly nominal wages and salaries within the sector reflects positive growth in labor compensation, potentially influenced by factors such as rising demand for skilled labor and productivity improvements. Additionally government agencies and international organizations are main drivers of green investments and sustainable development in Azerbaijan.

State Management of Energy Efficiency Improvement in Agricultural Regions of the Russian Federation

The sustainable development of the Russian Federation and its subjects, associated with limiting the negative impact of economic entities on the environment and ensuring the rational use of natural resources of the territory, is not just following the modern trends of the international community to reduce the energy intensity of the national economy, but also economic expediency caused by increasing the competitiveness and energy efficiency of economic entities and regions of the country by reducing energy costs in production products. Agriculture as one of the energy-intensive sectors of the economy (the second after industry, which accounts for over 12% of electricity consumption in the country) is characterized by a significant diversity in the levels and rates of energy consumption in different regions of the country, which of course requires consideration in public administration and implementation of regional energy conservation policies. In this regard, the article proposes a typological grouping of agricultural regions of Russia, which is based on the growth rates of energy production, energy consumption, agricultural production and the share of agriculture in regional energy consumption. The originality of the study lies in the fact that on the basis of a geographically sectoral approach, the grouping of agricultural regions of the country is carried out not according to the actual volumes of agricultural products produced (as it is typical in such cases), but according to the amount of energy resources (electricity) consumed by agriculture in a particular subject of the Russian Federation, which allows obtaining more relevant data. The research results obtained in this way allow us to develop incident measures and additive mechanisms for improving energy efficiency, taking into account the specifics of the energy development of the industry and the trends of sustainable development of the region. The article contains elements of novelty in the formulation of the problem and the research methodology presented by the typology of agricultural regions of Russia. The article contributes to the evaluation of management decisions at the regional level in the framework of the implementation of energy conservation policy and the application of regional energy efficiency programs.

The missing link between digital transformation and business model innovation in energy SMEs: The role of digital organisational culture

Increasing levels of competitiveness and intensified efforts to source energy from renewable sources, as well as growing pressure to implement green solutions, are challenging the effectiveness of conventional business models in the energy sector. Previous research on the processes of change in the energy sector highlight the necessity to implement business model innovations supported by digital transformation solutions. It is also clear that the process of implementation, particularly for SMEs, is associated with a high risk of failure. Based on research linking organisational culture and digitalisation, this article aims to explain how digital culture mediates the relationship between digital transformation and business model innovation in energy companies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries. The results suggest that the limited direct impact of digital transformation on business model innovation in energy companies is realised indirectly through digital organisational culture, indicating the importance of digital organisational culture in successful business model transformation.

Pengembangan Teknologi Supercritical Geothermal: Potensi dan Strategi untuk Energi Bersih dan Berkelanjutan

Development of supercritical geothermal technology is a complex and challenging process that requires significant investment in research, technology development, and collaboration. However, the potential benefits of this technology include low carbon footprint, high efficiency, and the potential to provide reliable electricity, making it an important focus area for the future of clean energy production. This study is qualitative and uses literature study methods involving data collection and analysis from various literature sources, including scientific journals, books, and reports. The literature study was conducted by searching and collecting several relevant and accurate sources such as scientific journals, books, and official publications on the topic. Data collection was carried out by analyzing the content of each available source. The supercritical geothermal well drilling method can generate electricity of 3-5 MW per well. Several successful energy development projects include exploration well drilling in Mexico, Italy, Iceland, USA, Kenya, and Japan. Supercritical energy development technology is also continuously being developed, such as closed-loop and CO2 utilization. The development of supercritical geothermal technology is a complex and challenging process that requires significant investment in research, technology development, and collaboration. However, the potential benefits of this technology include low carbon footprint, high efficiency, and the potential to provide reliable electricity, making it an important focus area for the future of clean energy production. Keywords: energy; geothermal; supercritical; technology; development; efficiency

Portable Multi-Layer Capsule-Shaped Triboelectric Generator for Human Motion Energy Harvesting.

This paper introduces a novel portable multi-layer capsule-shaped triboelectric generator (CP-TEG), aimed at optimizing the performance of triboelectric generator technology in terms of miniaturization, modularity, and efficient energy collection. The CP-TEG utilizes a unique multi-layer, stacked structure and an elliptical cylindrical design to increase the effective frictional area and enhance power generation efficiency. Its portable design allows for flexible application in various environments and scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the CP-TEG can maintain stable and efficient electrical output under various motion amplitudes and frequencies, and it shows good adaptability to the direction of motion excitation. With a motion amplitude of 7 cm and a frequency of 1.94 Hz, the CP-TEG can charge a 220 μF capacitor to 1.3 V within 100 s. The power generation unit's output voltage and current are more than three times higher than that of traditional single-layer contact-separation mode triboelectric devices. Particularly, its performance in harvesting energy from human motion underscores its effectiveness as a renewable energy solution for wearable devices. Through its innovative structural design and optimized working mechanism, the CP-TEG demonstrates excellent energy collection efficiency and application potential, offering new options for sustainable energy solutions and development.

Assessing the Impact of Pomegranate Juice on Liver Tissue in Male Rats Exposed to a Commercial Energy Drink

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on some biochemical and histological variables resulting from dosing male rats with the energy drink Red Bull. In this study, 28 white male rats were used, divided into four groups, each involving seven animals, according to the following: G1 was given a physiological solution (5 ml/kg) and a standard diet for 120 days; G2 was given a dose of the energy drink Red Bull (volume 1 ml per 100 g); G3 was given pomegranate juice (5 ml/kg) first; then Red Bull; and G4 was given Red Bull first; and after six weeks, he was given pomegranate juice. The results showed that Red Bull consumption significantly elevated RBS, AST, ALT, TC, and TG levels. Pomegranate juice has the ability to reduce the concentration of RBS, AST, ALT, TC, and TG. Histological changes in the liver of animals that were given the Red Bull energy drink were represented by congestion of the central vein, degeneration, and necrosis of liver cells, with severe infiltration of inflammatory cells and a thick wall of the central vein (TW), as well as amyloid (AM) deposition, compared to the negative control group. The results of the histological examination showed that pomegranate juice could repair cellular tissue in the liver and make it similar to the tissue of a control normal group, denoting the possibility of using it in the diet and in treating atherosclerosis and heart disease. Keywords: Pomegranate juice, liver, rats, energy drink, rat model, atherosclerosis, heart disease.

The Effect of Green Project Financing, Investment Sustainability, and Green Bonds Policy on the Growth of Renewable Energy Industry in Indonesia

This study investigates the effect of green project financing, investment sustainability, and green bonds policy on the growth of the renewable energy industry in Indonesia through a quantitative analysis. A cross-sectional survey design is utilized to collect data from stakeholders involved in renewable energy projects, financial institutions, government agencies, and other relevant entities. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) 3 software is employed to analyze the data and examine the relationships between the latent constructs. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between green project financing, investment sustainability, green bonds policy, and the growth of the renewable energy industry. These results underscore the importance of supportive policy frameworks, access to finance, and sustainable investment practices in driving renewable energy deployment. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing renewable energy development in Indonesia and provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and practitioners seeking to advance sustainable energy transitions.

Scenarios for the introduction of hydrogen in the global fuel and energy complex, taking into account the analysis of the economic prerequisites for the inclusion of hydrogen in the global energy balance

Subject. This article discusses possible scenarios for the development of the global hydrogen market in the context of changes in the global energy balance. Objectives. The article aims to determine the prospects for the inclusion of hydrogen in the world energy balance in the process of its transformation, and analyze the economic prerequisites for the use of hydrogen. Methods. For the study, I used a content analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical data. Results. The article presents the author-developed methodology for analyzing the economic prerequisites for the inclusion of hydrogen in the global energy balance, which includes an assessment of the full cost of the hydrogen chain, inertia factors, regulatory and subsidy costs, possible benefits from the use of hydrogen instead of traditional fuels, cost reduction, as well as the calculation of investment indicators. The article assesses forecasts and strategies for the development of hydrogen energy in the world. Conclusions and Relevance. Creating safe, low-cost and reliable ways to transport and store hydrogen will provide an opportunity to replace fossil fuels in the transportation market. The results of the study can be used in decision-making by states and energy companies regarding the development of hydrogen energy and investment in technologies for the production, transportation and storage of hydrogen.

Geological conditions for the development of geothermal energy in Azerbaijan

Geological conditions for the development of geothermal energy in Azerbaijan

Harnessing rooftop solar photovoltaic potential in Islamabad, Pakistan: A remote sensing and deep learning approach

Solar energy shines as a beacon for sustainable development, with rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) installations playing a crucial role. This study proposes a novel framework to precisely assess citywide existing solar power generation and analyze future potential under various rooftop utilization scenarios (10–50 %). To illustrate the methodology, the existing solar PV yield and future potential of Islamabad are explored as a case study. Employing open-source satellite data and deep learning (DL), this study quantified the electricity generation from current solar infrastructure and projected future possibilities. DL models like Mask R–CNN and Deeplab-v3 are trained on extensive custom datasets for solar panels and rooftops extraction. The study delineated 19,000 solar arrays, covering an area of 0.8 sqkm, and extracted 75.08 sqkm of suitable rooftops for future installations. The analysis revealed, current solar infrastructure generates 141.42 GWh electricity, satisfying 6.34 % of Islamabad's annual energy demand. Utilizing 50 % rooftop area could generate 6578 GWh annually, meeting 294 % of the city's electricity needs. This research contributes to the strategic planning for solar energy infrastructure, demonstrating the substantial role rooftop solar can play in meeting urban energy needs. This can inform policy decisions and guide investment opportunities for expanding clean energy in the city.

Probing the Nexus Effect of CO2 Emissions, Fossil Fuels, Energy Imports and Economic Growth on Renewable Energy Consumption in OIC Member Countries in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Panel Data Estimations

In recent years, the role of renewable energy sources has increased in the amount of energy consumed worldwide. Much remains unknown about the components that influence renewable energy consumption. This article addresses this issue for the Southeast Asian countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC): Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. Besides having major energy resources, the region is well suited for renewable energy development as it can measure the effects of carbon dioxide emissions, fossil fuels, energy imports, and economic growth. In this study, we found that there is no statistically significant difference in renewable energy consumption in previous years; economic growth and concurrent increases in carbon dioxide and fossil fuel emissions do not have a positive impact on renewable energy use in the OIC region of Southeast Asia; and the impact of energy imports has a significant impact on the consumption of renewable energy. In addition, how the findings of this study impact policy is discussed.

Short-Term Prediction of Rural Photovoltaic Power Generation Based on Improved Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm

Addressing the challenges of randomness, volatility, and low prediction accuracy in rural low-carbon photovoltaic (PV) power generation, along with its unique characteristics, is crucial for the sustainable development of rural energy. This paper presents a forecasting model that combines variational mode decomposition (VMD) and an improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (IDBO) with the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). Initially, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to categorize PV power data, separating analogous samples during different weather conditions. Afterwards, VMD is applied to stabilize the initial power sequence and extract numerous consistent subsequences. These subsequences are then employed to develop individual KELM prediction models, with their nuclear and regularization parameters optimized by IDBO. Finally, the predictions from the various subsequences are aggregated to produce the overall forecast. Empirical evidence via a case study indicates that the proposed VMD-IDBO-KELM model achieves commendable prediction accuracy across diverse weather conditions, surpassing existing models and affirming its efficacy and superiority. Compared with traditional VMD-DBO-KELM algorithms, the mean absolute percentage error of the VMD-IDBO-KELM model forecasting on sunny days, cloudy days and rainy days is reduced by 2.66%, 1.98% and 6.46%, respectively.

Flexible, Stable, and Efficient Counter Electrode for Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Carbon Nanotube Films.

With the rapid development in information, communication, energy, medical care, and other fields, the demand for light, strong, flexible, and stable materials continues to grow. Carbon nanotube (CNT) films possess outstanding properties, such as flexibility, good tensile properties, low density, and high electrical conductivity, making them promising materials for a wide range of applications. This paper reports an effective strategy that combines stretching treatment, laser etching, and electron beam deposition to fabricate an iron-deposited CNT film, which can serve as a counter electrode (CE) of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. The study also investigates the influences of processing parameters, such as stretching ratio and iron-depositing thickness on the film's stacking structure, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. Under optimized stretching ratios and depositing thicknesses, the catalytic activity of the reacted deposited layer and the high electrical conductivity of the flexible film basis can be fully utilized, allowing the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells to reach approximately 4.58%. Additionally, the CE exhibits flexibility, light transmission, and good stability, with its primary properties remaining above 97% after nearly 50 days. Thus, this research provides innovative material options and development strategies for the development of electrode materials.

Heat transfer in 3D radiative Oldroyd-B fluid flow with irregular heat source and activation energy

Heat transfer in 3D radiative Oldroyd-B fluid flow with irregular heat source and activation energy

Decarbonizing progress: Exploring the nexus of renewable energy, digital economy, and economic development in South American countries

Examining the relationship between green energy, the digital economy, and economic advancement in eighteen South American nations, the study used the Principal Component Factor (PCF) approach. A Green Energy Transition Index (GETI) and a Digital Economy Index (DEI) were developed as a consequence of this study. Confirmation of the large influence of switching to green energy on economic development and environmental sustainability is provided by the research's use of Fixed Effect Panel Threshold Regression (FEPTR) analysis. In today's global industrial value chain, hydrocarbons are the main source of energy. As a result, it hastened the decarburization of the world energy system to lower the noteworthy quantities of CO2 emissions from these sources. All quantile groups' economic development is strongly impacted by the digital economy and the move to green energy, according to the Methodology of instants of quantile regression (MMQR). The only element that positively impacts environmental sustainability across all quantile groups is the switch to Green energy. Reducing CO2 emissions and increasing economic development are characteristics of the low-quantile group. While the median quantile group does see a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth remains stagnant.

A machine learning and CFD modeling hybrid approach for predicting real-time heat transfer during cokemaking processes

As the development of green energy and smart industries progresses, concerted efforts are being directed towards the transformation of coking industries. Effective management of heat transfer during the coking process is essential to fortify energy consumption management and augment the quality of coke produced. However, the process during cokemaking is a complex thermochemical conversion process where even minor deviations in operating conditions can lead to instability. Additionally, due to the environmental and chemical conditions inside the coke oven, temperature measurements during operation are difficult. As the fields of Industry 4.0 continue to evolve, numerous industries have begun to leverage intelligent strategies to enhance advanced process management. The digital twin (DG) technique stands as a pivotal technology in the realm of industrial transformation, paving the way for a smarter future. However, given the inherent difficulty in real-time data collection for process operations, the challenge of achieving synchronization becomes increasingly prevalent in the development of DG for the smart coking process. As a result, predicting changes in coal temperature during the cokemaking process is crucial. Currently, computer technology allows for the simulation of complex chemical processes. While some numerical models describe the cokemaking process, these models are limited by the time-consuming characteristic and computing resources. To address this issue, this study proposed a Machine Learning (ML) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) hybrid model for real-time prediction of heat transfer during the cokemaking process. A CFD model was built based on an industrial-scale coke oven, with cokemaking process data generated through CFD simulation serving as input for the ML models. This study used a total of nine ML models, including ensemble and deep learning models. The hyperparameters of each model were optimized by Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and JAYA algorithms to identify the optimal model structure. Both simulation and empirical experimentation using a coke oven, coupled with industrial data verification, have substantiated the superiority of the proposed model. It simulates the heat transfer during the coking process with high accuracy and efficiency, thereby demonstrating its capacity to significantly reduce energy consumption within the coking industry.

Economic perspectives on renewable energy in offshore oil and gas development: Integrating multiple functions combination degradation maintenance strategies

The development and utilization of renewable energy has become a research hotspot in recent years, and it has begun to be experimentally applied in the development of “ultra-deep water” oil and gas fields. This paper proposes an economic perspective of renewable energy in offshore oil and gas development, evaluating the economic feasibility of large, complex, and multi-equipment systems, as well as the grouping maintenance of the system with multiple types of reliability functions. Comprehensively considering the construction cost, maintenance cost and real-time electricity price cost, the reliability and maintenance cost are the objective function, and the real-time electricity price is the influencing factor. The operating costs of offshore oil and gas development over long distances and offshore wind energy are compared. The results show that grouping maintenance can greatly reduce the total cost. As an alternative energy solution, offshore wind can meet the demand for clean energy in the context of economic growth, although the total cost is higher than that of long-distance transmission.