Commercial Center Research Articles

Snap-shot assessment of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) densities on the Turks and Caicos Islands, February 2022

In many of the small island communities of the Caribbean, much of the vector surveillance effort is focussed on house-to-house peri-focal surveys to collect data on larval indices. Adult mosquito trapping is not always routine or affordable and is usually focussed on ad hoc biting issues or small-scale investigations. This makes understanding the relative importance and densities of the common urban mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, problematic. This snap-shot survey in February 2022 using BG-Sentinel traps at 30 different locations across five islands of the Turks and Caicos, aimed to provide the first island-wide assessment of urban mosquito densities. In total, 2,820 adult mosquitoes were collected over 285 trap nights. Aedes aegypti was most common on the island of Providenciales, with very low densities recorded on South Caicos, North and Middle Caicos, with Ae. aegypti most highly abundant in the main commercial centres. The highest densities of Cx. quinquefasciatus were trapped on North Caicos. Small numbers of other species were also collected, including the first record of Anopheles in TCI. This established framework of trapping and initial assessment provides a platform for continued monitoring of mosquitoes in TCI to better inform mosquito-borne disease risk assessment and future vector control efforts.

Beads and Stamps in the Middle Orinoco: Archaeological Evidence for Interaction and Exchange in the Atures Rapids from AD 1000 to 1480

AbstractThe area of the Atures Rapids in the Middle Orinoco River (Venezuela), where multiple Indigenous communities gathered to trade goods, has been identified as a prominent center of commerce since early colonial times. However, the exchange activities taking place there between local and nonlocal actors before European colonization are poorly understood, based only on the ethnohistoric record. This article presents an archaeometric analysis of stone beads and ceramic roller stamps, items previously associated with trade practices, from two recently excavated sites in the region, Picure (AD 1030–1480) and Rabo de Cochino (AD 1000–1440); it assesses their provenance, production, and value. We propose that Picure was a site of a bead-manufacturing workshop and a place where roller stamps were exchanged. The stamps were acquired and produced by different potting groups. Analysis of the chaîne opératoire and production techniques shows processes of adaptation and emulation associated with the multiple, multiethnic communities during the period from AD 1000 to 1480. Both beads and stamps are linked to identity regalia that were likely used as part of ceremonies taking place in the area of the Rapids, as indicated by the numerous and monumental petroglyphs found on the islands.

Bycatch estimation of narrow‐clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in Turkish fyke net fisheries

AbstractWe quantified bycatch rates and determined selection criteria of landed narrow‐clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in Turkey's most crucial crayfish production centres in 2020 and 2021. Subsamples (6078 individuals) of catches from 225 commercial fishermen were compared to 4836 crayfish landed without selection criteria during research fishing. Selection criteria used by traders for crayfish in commercial fishing purchasing centres included: (i) undersized; (ii) dead; (iii) soft shells; (iv) missing extremities; (v) lesions; and (vi) covered with moss. Based on the selection criteria, 77.2% ± 4.1 (95% confidence interval: 68.4–86.0) of the commercial catch were removed from the production chain as landed bycatch. The bycatch rate was higher than the global marine bycatch rate (40.4%). New studies are needed to improve fyke net selectivity, reduce the bycatch rate (40.7%) of undersized individuals, and determine the fate of bycatch.

Extraction and characterisation of type I collagen from the skin offcuts generated at the commercial fish processing centres.

Effective use of underutilised fish processing by-products could open avenues for new industries if they are used to extract high-valued bioactive compounds. Therefore, discarded skin offcuts of three main commercial fish species of Sri Lanka were used to extract collagen with acetic acid and the extracted collagen was evaluated for industrial suitability. The yields of acid-soluble collagens from Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), Seer fish (Scomberomorus commerson) and Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) were 61.26%, 58.21% and 59.31%, respectively on a dry-weight basis. Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectra and X-ray Diffraction spectra confirmed that all collagens were in type I and preserved the native triple-helical structure during extraction. The UV absorption spectra confirmed a high collagen purity in all species. These results confirm that the extracted collagen consists of the characteristics required for collagen-based industries such as food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical. The high availability of skin offcuts from the processing industry and the higher collagen yields revealed in this study confirm the possibility of using discarded skin offcuts of the three fish species as a potential source of type I collagen for industrial purposes.

Aanah, Its Political and Civilized History until The End Of The Assyrian Era

The research dealt with the importance of the ancient town of Aanah including its political, administrative and commercial center. Such things gave this town a significance that is why it was inhabited by a large number of residents. This city has many cultural evidence and archaeological monuments and it was under the Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian rulers. Historically, the Assyrians set up their camps on it. Due to its importance, geographical location, immunity and beauty many armies fought to cease it. The town of Aanah is considered one of the most important cities belonging to the country of Sukhi, as it was the capital of the mentioned country and the Governor's Residence was there too.

The nature and impact of commercial relations between the Islamic Maghreb and the Italian cities in the Almoravid era

This study involves the trade relations between the Arab Maghreb Countries and Italian cities in Almoravids Era, and learned about the depth of land and sea commercial communication between the Maghreb and Italian cities and the reflection of this commercial development on the two regions. The resulting cultural, political and cultural prosperity during Almoravids Era (448-541 Ah/1056-1147 AD) and knowledge of the most important factors helping to establish commercial communication between the two countries and commercial centers.

Nocoastjazz

Nocoastjazz

The production and destiny of public space in an American city: examining the emergence and disruption of Brooklyn City Hall Square

Urban form should reflect collective value for place in communities. Urban squares in particular have the potential to serve as the nucleus of communities, urban artefacts that link place to memory and heritage while serving basic needs for everyday life in the city. Civic squares, those linked to governmental institutions, have further potential to facilitate community gatherings for memorialisation, commemoration, celebration and political action. Despite these important functions and potential, the incremental planning of Brooklyn in the early nineteenth century placed little emphasis on squares of any kind, despite the community’s expressed desires. Brooklyn’s first civic square, here referred to as City Hall Square, in fact emerged in the city almost as an afterthought. Despite this lack of clear intent, this square evolved as a unique place in the urban culture of the region, simultaneously a crossroads for everyday life in the city, a commercial and cultural centre and the governmental seat and judicial centre of the city and county. The square was a seamlessly woven and connected place in the larger urban structure. While some discussions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, documented in the local newspaper, provide evidence of appreciation and value for this place, others suggest a resistance to the investment of community heritage and memory as it evolved. This urban space and the larger territory around it, confronted by regional pressures for transformation in the early and mid-twentieth century, was disrupted, leaving the place diminished, no longer serving as a meaningful hub of life in the city. An examination of Brooklyn City Hall Square’s emergence and diminishment reveals a problematic treatment of this place that undermined its potential as a place for civic life, a repository of memory and heritage, but also a living nucleus of the community. It also provides insights for a conceptual framework for future reconstructions or transformations that may facilitate new civic values of place and reinvigorate this urban artefact, relinking it to both the origin of the city and the city’s heritage and memory, but also the square’s future potential as an inclusive, connected and meaningful place of community and civic spirit.

Electric vehicles in Bangladesh: Impact on the environment, mobility, and the economy of an impending ban

AbstractThe government of Bangladesh recently decided to outlaw electric three‐wheelers due to the rise in accidents on highways. Although the restriction is intended to improve road and transportation safety, it will only exacerbate the current economic crisis if alternate sources of income are not made available. Additionally, the use of battery‐powered electric three‐wheelers is significant for providing short‐distance transportation in rural areas and the commercial centers of metropolitan cities. In many villages, electric three‐wheelers are the only accessible mode of rapid transportation. Moreover, electric vehicles are environmentally beneficial because their increased use will lower the consumption of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions from the transportation sector. Banning electric three‐wheelers will have serious consequences for the environment, mobility, and the economy. Instead, the government can bring existing three‐wheeled motorized vehicles under Bangladesh Road Transport Authority supervision. Monitoring and policy making are easy when a mode of transport belongs to the formal sector. Adding necessary measures to use of the vehicle will boost mobility and save Bangladesh's environment and economy.

Survey, Traffic Analysis & Design of Four-lane elevated road (Flyover) in the city of Hubli, Karnataka.

Abstract: Hubli-Dharwad is now increasing in importance as a Commercial, Industrial, and educational centre. Traffic congestions in the city is increasing day by day due to extensive urbanization and industrialization along the Hubli-Dharwad belt, this has led to major intersections in the cities being saturated resulting in traffic congestion and delays subsequently increasing the vehicle operating cost and pollution levels in the cities. Rani Chennamma Junction in the city of Hubli is one such junction, its seven arms serve as the arterial roads of the Hubli city. The old NH-4 connecting the NH 48 is the southern arm of the junction, NH-67 (previously NH-63) forms the two arms of the junction, NH-52 heading towards Vijayapura makes the north arm of the junction, the rest arms of the junction are Arterial roads of Hubli city. As per the Comprehensive Traffic & Transportation Plan (CTTP) report, some of the junction experiences traffic snarls and needs an immediate attention in terms of engineering interventions. It is also noted that there is lack of pedestrian’s facilities at most of the major junctions that need to be investigated to avoid pedestrian vehicular conflicts at junction. The traffic trend observed in the CTTP report requires treatment at this junction to decongest the junction in the form of grade separated structures so that the majority portion of vehicles can bypass the at-grade conflicts and greatly reduce the traffic conflict points. This Study shall provide engineering solutions to cater to the increased congestion on the seven-arm Rani Chennamma junction.

Maputo, the divided city: fragmentation and (re)qualification

Maputo - the Mozambican capital - has expanded itself vertiginously in the midst of the late independence process (1975). Its population has been multiplied about twelve times during the decades from 1950 to 2020, reaching more than 1.1 million inhabitants. The political, commercial, and financial center of the country, the urban fabric of the capital is the stage for complex processes of economic growth and spatial segregation triggered in recent decades. The central region, known locally as the "cement city", concentrates on modern and widely diversified infrastructures. Squares and parks, luxury condos surrounded by modern offices, international standard hotels, shopping, and a set of pharaonic constructions - built at a cost of billions - set the landscape tone of progress induced and concentrated in favor of a small elite. However, beyond this "stronghold", around 92% of the population lives in the peripheral part of Maputo, popularly known as the "reed city". These, however, are located in very precarious housing, produced informally by the residents themselves, and subjected to the complete absence of infrastructure and public services. These issues contribute directly to the fact that Mozambique has the ninth-worst Human Development Index (HDI) on the planet. In this way, the present article - elaborated from fieldwork, interdisciplinary discussions and dialogues undertaken within the scope of an international scientific project between universities in Brazil and Mozambique - seeks to present and interpret the set of urban connections that make Maputo a fragmented and complex city, full of continuous socio-territorial transformations in which multiple clashes emerge linked to segregation, gentrification, real estate speculation, among others.

Characterisation of urban environment and activity across space and time using street images and deep learning in Accra

The urban environment influences human health, safety and wellbeing. Cities in Africa are growing faster than other regions but have limited data to guide urban planning and policies. Our aim was to use smart sensing and analytics to characterise the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of features of the urban environment relevant for health, liveability, safety and sustainability. We collected a novel dataset of 2.1 million time-lapsed day and night images at 145 representative locations throughout the Metropolis of Accra, Ghana. We manually labelled a subset of 1,250 images for 20 contextually relevant objects and used transfer learning with data augmentation to retrain a convolutional neural network to detect them in the remaining images. We identified 23.5 million instances of these objects including 9.66 million instances of persons (41% of all objects), followed by cars (4.19 million, 18%), umbrellas (3.00 million, 13%), and informally operated minibuses known as tro tros (2.94 million, 13%). People, large vehicles and market-related objects were most common in the commercial core and densely populated informal neighbourhoods, while refuse and animals were most observed in the peripheries. The daily variability of objects was smallest in densely populated settlements and largest in the commercial centre. Our novel data and methodology shows that smart sensing and analytics can inform planning and policy decisions for making cities more liveable, equitable, sustainable and healthy.

Bioarchaeological perspectives to mobility in Roman Phoenicia: A biodistance study based on dental morphology

Given their geographic location and political stability, Tyre, Beirut, and Byblos were major administrative and commercial centers along the Levantine coast during the Roman period. While archaeological research from Byblos suggests that the city prospered under Roman rule, it was mostly overshadowed by its coastal neighbors, Beirut and Tyre. In this paper we analyze the biodistances within and between three contemporary (1st–4th century AD) human skeletal assemblages from Byblos, Beirut, and Tyre. Dental measurements and nonmetric traits were recorded on 97 individuals. Both individual- and group-level analyses were performed; the individual-level analysis was based on PERMANOVA/PERMDISP using Gower distances, whereas the group-level analysis was based both on Gower distances and a Mahalanobis-type distance for mixed continuous and binary data. The results showed that Tyre and Beirut were more heterogeneous, that is, they exhibited higher intra-assemblage distances; this pattern was more prominent in Tyre. The inter-assemblage biodistances supported a relative proximity between Tyre and Beirut, followed by some affinity between Beirut and Byblos. In contrast, Tyre and Byblos were very divergent. The historical sources and literary texts support the idea that Beirut and Tyre, as key Roman colonies and commercial hubs in the Eastern Mediterranean, had high levels of mobility when compared to other coastal cities such as Byblos. Although more research is required, the integration of biodistance data with historical narratives has wide-reaching implications, especially in regions of the Eastern Mediterranean where human bioarchaeological research is actively developing.

Formal and informal solid waste management in Kutaisi, Georgia: A status quo report based on material flow analysis.

The goal of this study is a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of processes and flows within the solid waste management (WM) system in Kutaisi, Georgia, and the wider Imereti region. The applied methodology based upon data collected through customized questionnaires enabled both the formal and informal sectors (IS) to be characterized. Moreover, waste composition studies in the region's rural and semi-urban areas revealed that the share of recyclables is higher in urban areas and commercial centres. A material flow analysis was used to transparently consolidate the collected data, showing that dumping and landfilling still play a major role within the Georgian WM system. The total amount of waste landfilled on 'Nikea' landfill in 2019 equals 58,000 tonnes year-1, from where around 55,500 tonnes year-1 is formally collected municipal solid waste, and 2,503 tonnes year-1 is commercial and industrial waste. According to the findings, the size of the IS in Kutaisi is 0.07-0.15% of the city's population, whose supposed cumulative income is estimated GEL 0.57-1.13 million (EUR 180-360 thousand) in 2019. Informally collected recyclables are estimated 870-1,750 tonnes year-1, comprising 6-11% of recyclables landfilled in Kutaisi in 2019. The study provides a basis for decision-makers. Replicating the applied methodologies and approaches to create this sound database could support the WM system across whole Georgia. The study further reveals the importance of the need to stop neglecting the IS and recognizes the importance of its role in the WM system of Kutaisi and the wider Imereti region, respectively.

A study of the Factors Affecting the Population’s Residence in Ulaanbaatar City

Ulaanbaatar city is facing many problems such as agglomeration of population, environmental pollution, road congestion, insufficient engineering infrastructure, and inaccessible public services. Therefore, comprehensively developing optimal spatial planning and management to solve these problems is crucial. Based on a detailed study of factors influencing human residence, it is possible to make spatial planning and investment and implement the optimal urban development policy. The spatial correlation was calculated by assuming that factors including universities, secondary schools, kindergartens, workplaces, commercial service centers, and housing will affect the human residence of Ulaanbaatar. In order to compare the outcome of this correlation with the results of empirical research, 306 citizens were surveyed using a random sampling method. The results of the multivariate regression analysis show that the explanatory power of the factors predicted to affect human residence is 63.5% (R²= 0.63), and the most influential variable is the density of secondary schools and kindergartens (28.09). According to the questionnaire, the results of the reliability analysis of the 5 tests that rank the factors influencing the settlement from high to low (from 1 to 5) is 0.67 or moderate reliability, so the assumed 5 factors affect the human settlement. Considering the factors affecting human settlement by age group of the population, the factor that most affects human settlement are housing for the population over 55 years old, secondary schools and kindergartens for the population aged 35-54, workplaces for the population aged 25-34, and universities and workplaces for the population aged 20-24. According to the multivariate regression analysis based on the results of the sample questionnaire, the explanatory power of the 5 factors influencing human settlement is 65 percent (R²= 0.65). The hypothesized factors influence population density (R²= 0.63-0.65) and vary by population age structure. It is necessary to take the above factors into consideration when making urban development policy, spatial planning, and investment, and developing plans that meet the demand.

GST and its Influence on Hospitality

A comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax on goods and services called the "Goods and Services Tax" will be imposed on every value addition. GST is recovered from the final consumer. All sorts of Indirect taxes like Excise duty, Service Tax, Octroi, Entry Tax, Entertainment Tax, Luxury Tax are merged under GST except a few taxes such as Basic customs duty, anti-dumping duty, safeguard duty, property tax, stamp duty and so on. The GST system went into effect in India on July 1st, 2017, with the slogan "one nation, one tax." and which will see its effects on different economic sectors. GST will have an impact on all industries, including the hospitality sector. It uses a dual structure concept to prevent cascade consequences. The GST is going to affect the suppliers and service providers as well as the consumers of the Restaurant Industry. In the earlier tax system Hotel industry was attracting the taxes such as VAT, Service Tax, Luxury tax, CST, Central excise etc.. But all these taxes are subsumed in to a singe tax under GST. Therefore there is a necessity to study the impact of GST on Hotel industry as well as on the consumers of this industry. This paper highlights the changes reflected in the hotel and restaurant industry due to transformation of old VAT and other tax systems in to the new GST system. The study is conducted in Dharwad District of Karnataka state. As this coastal district is the famous tourist and commercial Centre, more restaurants and hotels are emerging in this area.

The Effect of the Sound Level Parameter on the Acoustic Performance in Closed Shopping Centers

The study focused on the objective measurement method of the sound level parameter, the geometrical formation, the observation of some acoustic properties, and their effectiveness for the atrium space in the Baghdad and Babylon shopping malls. In this study, a measurement of the sound level parameter was carried out to evaluate their acoustic performance and compare them with the standard standards required to be achieved in such buildings. The measurement process was conducted using a portable device SL-4112P that measures the sound level parameter SPL (A) and at a point on each floor around the atrium in both shopping centres for three minutes for each floor. The duration was determined according to previous studies. The measurement results of the average sound level values ​​for both commercial centres showed an increase in the average sound level value as the height of the floors increased. And it is relatively far from what should be achieved for acoustic comfort in this commercial building. It does not agree with what the Iraqi Code of Phonetics has specified for the appropriate sound level value (55-45 dBA). In such spaces.

Types and Classification of Acaricides used and Challenges faced by livestock farmers in Kajiado West Sub County, Kajiado, Kenya

In Kenya tick borne diseases and tick control is mainly by use of acaricides through dipping or hand spraying. Intensive acaricides use has led to concern over resistance and residue problems prompting authors to discuss new pest management strategies. The study aimed at evaluating pastoralists farmers on the types, classification and various challenges experienced upon acaricides use to eradicate ectoparasites in livestock during the months of May (wet) and November (dry) in 2018. Parasites are responsible for economic losses either directly or indirectly to livestock through discomfort and damage, resulting to drop in quality and quantity of dairy products. A cross-sectional design that combined quality and quantitative methods where a structured questionnaire, face to face interviews and focus group discussions were used for data collection from 138 farmers in Loita, Ngurumani and Olkkeramatian locations who were willing to participated. Description statistic was carried for frequencies, percentages, variance and data subjected to confidence limits to T-test at 95 %. Results revealed that farmers used nine acaricides under different trade names for their livestock with which three active ingredients (a.i) commonly use were cypermethrin (76%), amitraz (72 %), and deltamethrin (46%). These acaricides were WHO class III (33.3 %) and WHO class II (67.7 %) respectively were used. The acaricides controlled major pests and diseases in livestock, such as lumpy skin disease, tick fever, anthrax, bovine anaplasmosis, East Coast fever, foot and mouth disease and black quarter. These diseases are caused by ticks, tsetse flies, fleas, Biting flies, Mite Manges and lice. The farmers’ main livelihood was livestock that are sold to raise cash for food, school fees and other family obligation. The challenges faced by the farmers were climate change / variability led to loss of livestock due to inadequate pasture and water. This led to food insecurity, drought was the major problem leading to loss of livestock due to malnutrition, caused inadequacy in pasture for livestock and water for human and livestock use, poor infrastructural establishment especially poor road networks and transport impediments to the nearby commercial centres where they purchase the acaricides with most of them purchased during market days. Tick borne diseases were the major constraints and difficulties in the control of the tick vectors due to exposure to same acaricides and shortage of water. Farmers were found to coexist with wildlife inhabiting the Ewaso Nyiro River banks. These coexistence of livestock and wildlife increased human-wildlife conflicts, there is need for collaboration to minimize risks by lowering negative attitudes pastoralists possess towards wildlife. Most acaricides, Cypermethrin and alpha-Cypermethrin, WHO class II pesticides may be replaced with WHO class III and IV. Integrated pesticide management (IPM) require proper pesticides use and management among the farmers to follow manufacturer’s recommendation to prevent risks to human health and environmental pollution.

Mining the Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Typical Fast-Food Industry Based on Point-of-Interest Data: The Case Study of Hangzhou, China

There is a Chinese proverb which states “Where there are Shaxian Snacks, there are generally Lanzhou Ramen nearby”. This proverb reflects the characteristics of spatial clustering in the catering industry. Since the proverbs are rarely elucidated from the geospatial perspective, we aimed to explore the spatial clustering characteristics of the fast food industry from the perspective of geographical proximity and mutual attraction. Point-of-interest, OSM road network, population, and other types of data from the typical fast-food industry in Hangzhou were used as examples. The spatial pattern of the overall catering industry in Hangzhou was analyzed, while the spatial distribution of the four types of fast food selected in Hangzhou was identified and evaluated. The “core-edge” circle structure characteristics of Hangzhou’s catering industry were fitted by the inverse S function. The common location connection between the Western fast-food KFC and McDonald’s and the Chinese fast-food Lanzhou Ramen and Shaxian Snacks and the spatial aggregation were elucidated, being supported by correlation analysis. The degree of mutual attraction between the two was applied to express the spatial correlation. The analysis demonstrated that (1) the distribution of the catering industry in Hangzhou was northeast–southwest. The center of the catering industry in Hangzhou was located near the economic center of the main city rather than in the center of urban geography. (2) The four types of fast food were distributed in densely populated areas and exhibited an anti-S law, which first increased but then decreased as the distance from the center increased. Among these, the number of four typical fast foods was the highest within a distance of 4–10 km from the center. (3) It was concluded that 81.6% of KFCs had a McDonald’s nearby within 2500 m, and 68.5% of Shaxian Snacks had a Lanzhou Ramen nearby within 400 m. McDonald’s attractiveness to KFC was calculated as 0.928448. KFC’s attractiveness to McDonald’s was 0.908902. The attractiveness of the Shaxian Snacks to Lanzhou Ramen was 0.826835. The attractiveness of Lanzhou Ramen to Shaxian Snacks was 0.854509. McDonald’s was found to be dependent on KFC in the main urban area. Shaxian Snacks were strongly attributed to Lanzhou Ramen in commercial centers and streets, while Shaxian Snacks were distributed independently in the eastern Xiaoshan and Yuhang Districts. This study also helped us to optimize the spatial distribution of a typical fast-food industry, while providing case references and decision-making assistance with respect to the locations of catering industries.

Levels of selected heavy metals in blood and urine of workers of Alkali Kongo Plaza GSM Market within Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

The health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in the blood and urine of workers, as well as the sound and air qualities of Alkali Kongo Plaza GSM Village in Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, was conducted. While the heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the sound and air qualities were determined using a hand-held integrated sound level meter and multifunctional air detector (model; WP6910). The blood and urine samples were obtained from the handset repairers and sellers in the market and investigated for their heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni, and Cr contents. The air quality status was investigated for particulate matter (PM), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and formaldehyde (HCHO). Before analyzing the heavy metals, the collected samples were treated and then digested using standard procedures. The urine samples showed higher concentrations of Mn, Pb, and Ni, while in the blood samples, there were high concentrations of Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The concentration of Mn in the blood samples ranged from 14.22 to 22.63 µg/dm3 and from 8.30 to 12.20 µg/dm3 in the urine. The concentration of Pb in blood varied between 190.10 and 212.10 µg/dm3, while that of urine varied from 141.90 to 215.00 µg/dm3. The concentration of Cd in blood varied between 1.86 and 1.95 µg/dm3 and from 5.10 to 13.70 µg/dm3 in the urine. The concentration of Cr in blood ranged from 12.75 to 16.44 µg/dm3, while that of urine ranged from 23.00 to 15.20 µg/dm3. On the other hand, Ni concentration in blood ranged from 18.70 to 24.90 µg/dm3, while that of urine ranged from 17.90 to 31.00 µg/dm3. The air quality parameters, PM, TVOCs, HCHO, and noise or sound pollutants indicated higher values than the control and the standard values. From these results, 83% of the workers of the community market stand a high chance of being at risk, especially due to the high concentrations of Mn and Pb. Hence, there are need to monitor the occupational activities of denizens of this commercial center for the proper establishment of levels of the selected parameters in this study and parameters that were not considered.