Commercial Bottles Research Articles

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Ethanol and Methanol Levels in Grape-Derived Pisco Distillate by Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Handheld Raman and portable FT-IR spectroscopy devices were evaluated for fast and non-invasive determination of methanol and ethanol levels in Peruvian Pisco. Commercial Peruvian Pisco (n = 171) samples were kindly provided by the UNALM Alliance for Research in Alcohol and its Derivatives (Lima, Peru) and supplemented by purchases at grocery and online stores. Pisco spectra were collected on handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with either a 1064 nm or a 785 nm excitation laser and a portable infrared unit operating in transmission mode. The alcohol levels were determined by GC–MS. Calibration models used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to develop prediction algorithms. GC–MS data revealed that 10% of Pisco samples had ethanol levels lower than 38%, indicating possible water dilution. Methanol levels ranged from 10 to 130 mg/100 mL, well below the maximum levels allowed for fruit brandies. Handheld Raman equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser gave the best results for determining ethanol (SEP = 1.2%; RPre = 0.95) and methanol (SEP = 1.8 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.93). Randomly selected Pisco samples were spiked with methanol (75 to 2800 mg/100 mL), and their Raman spectra were collected through their genuine commercial bottles. The prediction models gave an excellent performance (SEP = 98 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.97), allowing for the non-destructive and non-contact determination of methanol and ethanol concentrations without opening the bottles.

Formation of Bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate from waste plastic using ionic liquid as catalyst

The accumulation of waste PET leads to serious environmental problem. PET degradation has been hot topic and is studied by lots of researchers. At present, numerous catalysts have been developed, among which ionic liquid catalyst is attractive due to its excellent advantages like convenient recycling and highly catalytic effect. In this work, a series of ionic liquids based on 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) were synthesized and used as catalyst of PET degradation. The influence of different structure of cation and different metal salt on PET degradation were studied. DFT calculation showed that the interaction between the ionic liquid and ethylene glycol can be changed by adjustment of the structure of the cation. At optimal condition, using [C6TMG]Cl/2ZnCl2 as catalyst, PET conversion was 100% and BHET yield was 92.7%. To our best knowledge, this is first report about ionic liquid catalyst of PET degradation with superior BHET yield. Catalytic effect of [C6TMG]Cl/2ZnCl2 did not obviously decrease after it was reused for six times. Moreover, the degradation of commercial beverage bottles was investigated using [C6TMG]Cl/2ZnCl2 as the catalyst, the BHET yield of 84% was obtained, and the quality purity of the product was 90%. In addition, possible mechanism was explored.

Potential risk of BPA and phthalates in commercial water bottles: a minireview

The global water bottling market grows annually. Today, to ensure consumer safety, it is important to verify the possible migration of compounds from bottles into the water contained in them. Potential health risks due to the prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) exposure through water bottle consumption have become an important issue. BPA, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) can cause adverse effects on human health. Papers of literature published in English, with BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP detections during 2017, by 2019 by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography analysis methods were searched. The highest concentrations of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in all the bottled waters studied were found to be 5.7, 12.11, 82.8 and 64.0 μg/L, respectively. DBP was the most compound detected and the main contributor by bottled water consumption with 23.7% of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). Based on the risk assessment, BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in commercial water bottles do not pose a serious concern for humans. The average estrogen equivalent level revealed that BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in bottled waters may induce adverse estrogenic effects on human health.

The possible hormetic effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol on regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish.

Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) is a bisphenol A substitute, which has been introduced for the production of so-called 'bisphenol A (BPA)-free' plastics. However, it has been reported that BHPF can enter living organisms through using commercial plastic bottles and cause adverse effects. To date, the majority of the toxicologic study of BHPF focused on investigating its doses above the toxicological threshold. Here, we studied the effects of BHPF on development, locomotion, neuron differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS), and the expression of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in zebrafish exposed to different doses of BHPF ranging from 1/5 of LD1 to LD50 (300, 500, 750, 1500, 3000, and 4500nM). As a result, the possible hormetic effects of BHPF on regulating the HPT axis were revealed, in which low-dose BHPF positively affected the HPT axis while this regulation was inhibited as the dose increased. Underlying mechanism investigation suggested that BHPF disrupted myelination through affecting HPT axis including related genes expression and TH levels, thus causing neurotoxic characteristics. Collectively, this study provides the full understanding of the environmental impact of BHPF and its toxicity on living organisms, highlighting a substantial and generalized ongoing dose-response relationship with great implications for the usage and risk assessment of BHPF.

On optical sensing of surface roughness of flat and curved microplastics in water

The growth of microplastic (MP) pollution is of increasing concern and represents a global challenge. In situ detection of these small particles is difficult because of their sizes, shapes, transparency or translucency, surface texture and ambient conditions. We propose and demonstrate the use of a prototype optical sensor to detect flat, nearly flat, curved and rough MPs prepared from commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics and PET bottles in water. The prototype measures the specular reflection of a laser radiation incident on MPs, with a photodiode, and the transmitted laser speckle pattern, with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The presence of the MPs as well as the optical surface roughness are determined from the specular reflection. Additionally, the so-called speckle contrast calculated from the speckle pattern, as a promising tool, is used to rank the rough MPs according to the different average surface roughness, to approximately twice the wavelength of the probing light. The novel application of laser speckle contrast and the optical roughness estimation allows the description of MP surface roughness in water. Moreover, in combination with earlier studies, these results, therefore, pave a way for the complete and a relatively easier description of MPs properties optical and also advances our step towards the development of simple and robust optical monitoring techniques for micro and nanoplastics in open and wastewater.

A Novel Polyester Hydrolase From the Marine Bacterium Pseudomonas aestusnigri - Structural and Functional Insights.

Biodegradation of synthetic polymers, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is of great importance, since environmental pollution with PET and other plastics has become a severe global problem. Here, we report on the polyester degrading ability of a novel carboxylic ester hydrolase identified in the genome of the marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium Pseudomonas aestusnigri VGXO14T. The enzyme, designated PE-H, belongs to the type IIa family of PET hydrolytic enzymes as indicated by amino acid sequence homology. It was produced in Escherichia coli, purified and its crystal structure was solved at 1.09 Å resolution representing the first structure of a type IIa PET hydrolytic enzyme. The structure shows a typical α/β-hydrolase fold and high structural homology to known polyester hydrolases. PET hydrolysis was detected at 30°C with amorphous PET film (PETa), but not with PET film from a commercial PET bottle (PETb). A rational mutagenesis study to improve the PET degrading potential of PE-H yielded variant PE-H (Y250S) which showed improved activity, ultimately also allowing the hydrolysis of PETb. The crystal structure of this variant solved at 1.35 Å resolution allowed to rationalize the improvement of enzymatic activity. A PET oligomer binding model was proposed by molecular docking computations. Our results indicate a significant potential of the marine bacterium P. aestusnigri for PET degradation.

Submicron-resolution polymer orientation mapping by optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy

A submicron-resolution infrared spectroscopy technique called optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy was applied to polymer orientation analysis in this work by measuring the wall cross-section of a commercial plastic bottle. Linear dichroism was observed in the O-PTIR spectra. Polarized O-PTIR mapping measurement through the entire wall thickness as wide as 350 µm with submicron spatial resolution visualized a highly oriented thin skin layer with a thickness of fewer than 10 µm near the outer surface, which has been difficult to perform using conventional IR microscopy techniques.

Detection of explosive materials and their precursors through translucent commercial bottles using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy using excitation wavelength in visible range

The detection and analysis of hazardous materials through opaque barriers is important for law enforcement agencies. Conventional Raman spectroscopy provides fingerprint signatures of materials but lacks the ability to detect materials through opaque containers. Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) overcomes the limitation of conventional Raman spectroscopy and allows the detection of materials through most commercial bottles and packaging materials. Moreover, SORS has the potential to detect hazardous materials through colored glass bottles, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles, Teflon layers, etc., which is required in the screening of commercial packaging at airports and other vital facilities. SORS was investigated in the visible range with a 532-nm excitation source for the detection of urea and sodium nitrate through commercial packaging, i.e., a white HDPE bottle with a thickness of 1 mm. The effects of the spatial offset and integration time on the Raman spectra of the contents and container were evaluated. The trend of the change in the relative contributions from the contents and container was studied by varying the offset and integration time. P-nitrobenzoic acid was detected through the colored bottles in the study of reduction of fluorescence in the SORS effect.

Synthesis of a novel polyester-ether copolymer and its derivatives as antistatic additives for thermoplastic films

Development of antistatic thermoplastic elastomer composites is gaining much interest in scientific and industrial aspects. In this contribution, a novel type of polyester-block-ether copolymer (PEBE), PEBE with ionic liquid (PEBE-IL) and quaternized PEBE (PEBE-Q) were synthesized, characterized and compounded with a commercial bottle grade polyester (PET) resin. It was found that the surface resistivity of the PET composite films was around 109–1010 Ω/sq. The addition of the PEBE copolymers as an antistatic agent into PET matrix resulted in almost 106 times enhancement in surface resistivity compared to neat PET film. Among the PET films with an antistatic agent, it was emphasized that PEBE-IL and ionic liquid doping to PET matrix led to a relatively lower crystallization degree, surface resistivity, contact angle and breaking force with a translucent appearance compared to neat PET film. Furthermore, it was illustrated that antistatic PET films with fine-tune physical, mechanical and morphological properties can be achieved by choosing appropriate antistatic agent type and amount.

Recycled Cellulose Aerogels from Paper Waste for a Heat Insulation Design of Canteen Bottles

Exercising in a tropical climate with constant high temperatures and high humidity increases the risk of heatstroke for active people who frequently train outdoors. For these active persons, a cooling source of water nearby can be essential, and this is usually carried in canteen bottles. However, commercially available water canteen bottles have limited thermal insulation capability to keep the liquid content cooled for the required period. This work proposed an engineering solution to enhance the heat insulation performance of water canteen bottles, using recycled cellulose aerogels made from paper waste for the first time as an insulating layer. Recycled cellulose aerogels wrapped around the water canteen bottle provides excellent thermal insulation performance, while not adding significant weight to the bottle. The temperature of the ice slurry in the canteen bottle was measured periodically over four hours with a mercury thermometer. The effects of the static and dynamic conditions on the temperature rate were also quantified. A 1.5 cm thickness of 1.0 wt.% recycled cellulose aerogel wrapped around the canteen bottle can provide an excellent thermal insulation performance with the lowest rise in temperature, achieving a low final temperature of the ice slurry content of 3.5 °C after 4 h. This result is much better than that provided by available commercial bottles under the same conditions.

The Influences of Organic Matter Concentrations in Juices for Pathogen Detection Using Phage-Based Biosensors

Fruit and vegetables are playing an important role of today’s healthy diet. Juices are the liquid extracts from fruit and vegetables, which contain lots of organic matters, such as vitamins, minerals and plant chemicals (phytonutrients). Commercial bottle juices usually contain different percentages of real juices in their juice products. Therefore, the amount of organic matter content in juices are different in various brands of juices. The foodborne pathogen outbreaks through the consumption of fruit or vegetable juices continue to be reported (CDC, 2016). It indicates that pathogens like Salmonella can be packaged with juices even with current manufacture microbial-inactivation process. According to several studies, the acidity in tomatoes juice and the phyto-chemicals (like chlorophyll) from damage leaves in leafy greens samples can affect the sensitivity of pathogen detection in juices. For example, chlorophyll is one of the substances in leafy green juice that inhibits PCR reaction for pathogen detection. This made the pathogen detection in some juices a difficult task to achieve. The phage magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors are wireless sensors, whose resonance oscillation and resonance frequency are actuated and detected through magnetic fields. These biosensors have been shown to be highly sensitive and specific in pathogen detection including Salmonella on various food surfaces or liquids (Li et al., 2010). Therefore, in this study, different concentrations of juices from tomatoes and spinach with artificially spiked Salmonella (at the concentration of 104 cfu/ml) was tested by ME biosensors. The influence of pathogen detection capability was then studied by comparing the bacterial capture rates on biosensors. In tomato juice, the results showed that the capture rate of Salmonella can be reached up to 90.68% by using 100 ME biosensors in a tube rocking experiment with 10% tomato juice content. In spinach juice, the capture rate of Salmonella showed similar results as 90.68% in the same 10% juice concentration. However, when the juice concentration of spinach went up to 15% and 20%, the bacterial capture rate slightly decreased. The Salmonella capture rate were shown as 89.82% and 89.065, respectively. The decreasing of capture rate was obvious by using 50 ME sensors for the 15% and 20% spinach juices. In conclusion, by using 100 phage ME biosensors, the detection platform can detect as high as 89% Salmonella in high juice concentration (15 % and 20%) of both tomato and spinach juice samples. While in the moderate juice concentration zone (5-10%), the ME biosensors show very promising results of detecting 90% Salmonella in both juices.

Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) for High Temperature Solvent Resistant Membranes

Porous membranes of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and evaluated for the first time for the filtration in high temperature solvents and other harsh environments. The PET was recycled from commercial water bottles. The morphology, pore size, and pore density were optimized by varying the composition of the polymer concentration in the casting solution, the solvent, and the nonsolvent bath in conditions of controlled humidity and temperature. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of 0.2 and 1 kg mol–1 was used as an additive and pore inducing agent. The filtration performance of the membranes was tested under different solvents and temperatures. The obtained PET membranes were successfully applied for ultrafiltration with a MWCO of 40 kg mol–1 in dimethylformamide (DMF) at temperatures up to 100 °C. PET membranes were found to be resistant to a wide variety of solvents as well as in chlorine and acid medium. They could be used as porous support for thin-film composite membranes and for different applications requiring high chemical and heat resistance.

Authenticity and Concentration Analysis of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

Adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with cheaper edible oils is of considerable concern in the olive oil industry. The potential of Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics has been investigated for evaluating the authenticity (or purity) and concentration of EVOO irrespective of it being adulterated with one or more adulterants. The adulterated oil samples were prepared by blending different concentrations of EVOO (10–100% v/v) randomly with cheaper edible oils such as corn, soybean and rapeseed oil. As a result, a Raman spectral database of oil samples (n = 214 spectra) was obtained from 11 binary mixtures (EVOO and rapeseed oil), 16 ternary mixtures (EVOO, rapeseed and corn oil) and 44 quaternary mixtures (EVOO, rapeseed, corn and soybean oil). Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models with 10-fold cross validation were constructed for binary, ternary and quaternary oil mixtures to determine the purity of spiked EVOO. The PLS model on the complex dataset (binary + ternary + quaternary) where the spectra obtained with different measurement parameters and sample conditions can able to determine the purity of spiked EVOO inspite of being blended with one or more cheaper oils. As a proof of concept, in this study, we used single batch of commercial oil bottles for estimating the purity of EVOO. The developed method is not only limited to EVOO, but can be applied to clean EVOO obtained from the production site and other types of food.

Hydrocarbon-associated substrates reveal promising fungi for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) depolymerization.

Recalcitrant characteristics and insolubility in water make the disposal of synthetic polymers a great environmental problem to be faced by modern society. Strategies towards the recycling of post-consumer polymers, like poly (ethylene terephthalate, PET) degradation/depolymerization have been studied but still need improvement. To contribute with this purpose, 100 fungal strains from hydrocarbon-associated environments were screened for lipase and esterase activities by plate assays and high-throughput screening (HTS), using short- and long-chain fluorogenic probes. Nine isolates were selected for their outstanding hydrolytic activity, comprising the genera Microsphaeropsis, Mucor, Trichoderma, Westerdykella, and Pycnidiophora. Two strains of Microsphaeropsis arundinis were able to convert 2-3% of PET nanoparticle into terephthalic acid, and when cultured with two kinds of commercial PET bottle fragments, they also promoted weight loss, surface and chemical changes, increased lipase and esterase activities, and led to PET depolymerization with release of terephthalic acid at concentrations above 20.0ppm and other oligomers over 0.6ppm. The results corroborate that hydrocarbon-associated areas are important source of microorganisms for application in environmental technologies, and the sources investigated revealed important strains with potential for PET depolymerization.

ISOMETRIC DEFORMATION OF THE SURFACE OF MINIMAL AREA OF A CYLINDER INCREASING ITS VOLUME

ISOMETRIC DEFORMATION OF THE SURFACE OF MINIMAL AREA OF A CYLINDER INCREASING ITS VOLUME Lizandro Baldomero, Reyna Zegarra y Heron Juan Morales Marchena Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0001/ ABSTRACT A method for increasing the volume of a cylinder with minimal area preserving the isometry is expounded. To do this, it was necessary to use numerical methods and a computer program. Such method let us set down a theorem which is analogy to that given for the case of a cube instead of a cylinder, being an immediate application of this theorem to the case of optimization in designing commercial bottles. To get an analytical proof of this new theorem is demanded. Keywords: surface of minimal area; optimization in designing commercial bottles; increasing the volume without stretching.

Effects of Acute Fluorene-9-Bisphenol Exposure on Mouse Oocyte in vitro Maturation and Its Possible Mechanisms.

Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a substitute of bisphenol A (BPA) used in the production of the so-called "BPA-free" plastics, has now been shown to be released from commercial plastic bottles into drinking water and has strong anti-estrogenic activity in mice, which suggests that BHPF is also an environmental toxin. However, whether BHPF exposure has effects on mouse oocyte development is unknown. In this study, the influence of acute exposure to BHPF (50-150 μM, 12 hr) on mouse oocyte maturation and its possible mechanisms were investigated. Of note, 50-μM BHPF had no effects on the maturation of mouse oocytes, whereas 100- and 150-μM BHPF significantly blocked germinal vesicle breakdown and led to the failure of first polar body extrusion. Particularly, 100-μM BHPF exposure severely decreased the cellular adenosine triphosphate in a time-dependent manner, which finally brought out the loss of spindles. In addition, the actin cytoskeleton was also impaired. The defective mitochondrial dynamics and decreased mitochondrial DNA implied the damage of mitochondria in BHPF-treated oocytes. Increased PINK1, Beclin1, and LC3B protein level and decreased TOMM20 and TOMM17A protein level illustrated that mitophagy was induced, which also confirmed that BHPF exposure impaired the cellular mitochondria. Moreover, BHPF induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and early apoptosis. Oocyte quality was also impaired by BHPF exposure through altering histone modifications evidenced by increased H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels. Collectively, our results indicated that BHPF exposure disrupted mouse oocyte maturation and reduced oocyte quality through affecting cytoskeleton architecture, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histone modifications. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:243-253, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Chia (Salvia hispanica) experiment at a 30˚ N site in Sichuan Basin, China

ABSTRACT: The mysterious ancient Mesoamerican Indian crop chia (Salvia hispanica) is revived and expanding worldwide due to its richness of valuable nutraceuticals such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), antioxidants, food fiber, gels, and proteins. We carried out a pilot experiment on chia planting in non-frost Sichuan Basin, at Hechuan Base (30˚0′ 43″ N, 106˚7′ 41″ E, 216 m), Southwest University, Chongqing, China. The split-plot trial contained two factors, 3 spring-summer sowing times as main plots, and 6 densities as subplots, with 3 replicates. Phenological, botanical, adversity, yield, and seed quality traits were investigated. Plants were very tall, suffered from lodging, and flowered in mid-October. Sichuan Basin can be considered as a north edge for growing chia, with low yield (680 kg/hectare) because of insufficient seed filling and maturation in autumn-winter season (1000-seed weight of 1.14 g). However, its ALA content is 5 percent points higher than the seed-donor commercial bottle (65.06%/63.96% VS 59.35%/59.74% for black/white seeds), accompanied by decrease oleic and stearic acid, while linoleic acid and palmitic acid are equivalent. Considering its short-day habit, it is recommended to try sowing in middle summer (from late June to early August) to avoid too long growing period, excessive vegetative growth, and waste of field and climate resources caused by spring-summer sowing. Furthermore, winter sowing of chia with mulch cover could also be tried, with an expectation of harvesting in summer. Most importantly, only when the photoperiod-insensitive early flowering stocks are created, chia can be recommended as a low-risk crop to the farmers of this region.

Background-free latent fingerprint imaging based on nanocrystals with long-lived luminescence and pH-guided recognition

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are highly specific to individuals, and LFP imaging has played an important role in areas such as forensic investigation and law enforcement. Presently, LFP imaging still faces considerable problems, including background interference and destructive and complex operations. Herein, we have designed a background-free, nondestructive, and easy-to-perform method for LFP imaging based on pH-mediated recognition of LFPs by carboxyl group-functionalized Zn2GeO4:Mn (ZGO:Mn-COOH) persistent luminescence nanorods (PLNRs). By simply adjusting the pH of the ZGO:Mn-COOH colloid dispersion to a certain acidic range, the negatively charged ZGO:Mn-COOH readily binds to protonated fingerprint ridges via electrostatic attraction. The ZGO:Mn-COOH colloid dispersion can be stored in portable commercial spray bottles, and the LFPs have been easily detected in situ by simply dropping the colloid dispersion on the LFPs. Moreover, since the ZGO:Mn-COOH can remain luminescent after excitation ceases, background color and background fluorescence interference were efficiently removed by simply capturing the luminescent LFP images after the excitation ceased. The entire LFP imaging process can be easily conducted without any destructive or complex operations. Due to the great versatility of the developed method for LFP imaging, clear LFP images with well-resolved ridge patterns were obtained. The designed background-free, nondestructive, and easy-to-perform LFP imaging strategy has great potential for future applications, such as forensic investigations and law enforcement.

Analysing sulphate and chloride in mineral drinking water by flow injection analysis with a single acoustic wave sensor

Sulphate is a very hydrophilic anion, and, therefore, difficult to be selectively determined in aqueous solution with a coated sensor. Zinc(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octatosylaminophthalocyanine was used for the first time as a sensitive coating. Selectivity to sulphate regarding chloride was not enough to ignore its contribution in mineral waters, and, therefore, an analytical protocol was carefully designed to allow the determination of both anions with this sensor. Results displayed on the label of eight commercial bottles of mineral waters are within the confidence interval of the values obtained with the FIA-sensor system, both for chloride and sulphate. However, results for chloride obtained by titrimetry are, in half of the cases, statistically different from the ones obtained by the sensor, and in 7 out of 8 of them more precise. There is an evidence of a systematic error in the chloride titrimetric analysis, consistent with a small overtaking of the equivalence point. Precision of the results obtained by the titrimetric analysis of sulphate were in 6 out of 8 of the analysis less precise than with the sensor, probably due to losses of the barium sulphate precipitate, which is consistent with the occurrence of lower values.

A Home-Made Trap Baited With Sex Pheromone for Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda Males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Corn crops in Mexico.

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), populations are monitored with a variety of commercial sex pheromone-baited traps. However, a number of trap-related variables may affect the number of FAW males captured. In this study, we tested the effect of trap design, trap size, and trap color for monitoring FAW males in corn crops in Mexico. We found that plastic jug trap (a home-made trap), captured significantly more FAW males than a commercial trap (Scentry Heliothis) and water bottle trap (another home-made trap). We also found that size of plastic jug traps (3.78, 10, or 20 liters) did not affect the captures of FAW males. Our results indicated that plastic yellow jug traps captured significantly more males than blue and black traps. Plastic jug white, red, and green traps captured a similar number of FAW males than plastic jug yellow, blue, and black traps. Plastic jug blue, white, and yellow traps captured more nontarget insects compared to black traps. The number of nontarget insects captured by green and red traps was similar and not significantly different to that caught by blue, white, yellow, and black traps. Traps captured more individuals from Diptera than Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Overall, the results suggest that yellow plastic jug may be used for monitoring FAW males in corn and sorghum crops in Mexico.