Faculty Of Commerce Research Articles

ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAM

This book has been a recent addition to the University Library, Benghazi, authored by Mr. Syed Ahmed Aly B.Sc. (econ.) London, and F.R. Econs and who is now on the academic staff of the Libyan University, Faculty of Commerce.
 The author joined the Patna University in 1941. He has toured the Middle East, Europe, Canada, U.S.A., moreover, he served with the International Commission in Loas and wrote an interesting "Econormc Report on Laos'
 To Mr. Syed Ali, Humanism and Islam are interchangeable. He felt the lack of a book about Islam that dealt fairly with the subject, based on the study of the Koran, its commentaries and reliable traditions. He has spared no effort, time or money to dig for the facts, his criteria being quality, authenticity and reasonableness of material. His aim is to present the pure Islamic thought in social and economic matters. He sees Islam as neither patterned after anv economic norm, nor based on laissez-faire theory or totalitarianism. The author seeks to prove his theory that Islam can serve the purpose of a modern social and economic system.
 He traces Islam through the ages since its dawn in the 7th Century. Chapter Two deals with the foundation of social and economic order, giving an account of its postulates, Chapter Three presents a resumé of the struggle for existence. Man is taught to adiust himself to nature

A Note on Insurance Education in Japan

Before the coming of modern, scientific insurance in the decade of the 1870's Japan had certain mutual aid organizations that reimbursed members for losses caused by accidents or paid a certain, fixed sum of money upon the death of a member. From the start of modern life insurance, based on knowledge and ideas brought in from western countries, the subject of insurance has been taught in the schools, particularly the universities. This teaching has played an important role in the development of the insurance business in Japan. Keio University was founded in 1858. Here and at other universities where commerce and economics were taught intensively, insurance became the major subject for many students who, after graduation, became teachers in commercial schools or colleges throughout Japan. These schools have contributed much to the advancement of insurance knowledge. At present, we have 270 universities in Japan, both public and private, having altogether 178 faculties (schools) of commerce, economics, and business administration. In addition we have some special courses in insurance for graduate students. In more than half of these schools, the general principles of marine, fire, life, and social insurance are taught. However, inasmuch as these are not required courses, there are no accurate figures on the number of students who take them or major in them. It is possible,

Decentralization in the Sudan—II

Public Administration and DevelopmentVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 75-83 Article Decentralization in the Sudan—II A CRITICAL APPRAISAL Henry Maddick, Henry MaddickMr. Maddick, m.a. (Oxon), is a lecturer in the faculty of Commerce and Social Science at the University of Birmingham.Search for more papers by this author Henry Maddick, Henry MaddickMr. Maddick, m.a. (Oxon), is a lecturer in the faculty of Commerce and Social Science at the University of Birmingham.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 April 1962 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1099-162X.1962.tb00562.x Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume1, Issue2April 1962Pages 75-83 RelatedInformation

A Letter from One of the Pioneers in Education for Management: Sir William Ashley's Work in the University of Birmingham

IT has been rightly observed 1 that a great impetus was given to education for management after 1945. The need for the expansion of facilities was recognized by government, central and local, by educational institutions and by industry. In consequence, there has been a series of developments characterized by a diversity of approach which is likely to prove rewarding, if at times it appears confusing to the observer. As the developments now proceed along their varied courses, it is appropriate to recall the initial work done in giving form and content to the conception of higher education for the potential managers of industry and commerce. Among the many pioneers, a distinguished place must be given to William Ashley and a letter written by him, recently discovered, reveals in an unusually personal way the principles which guided him in creating the course of studies leading to the degree of Bachelor of Commerce. The University of Birmingham was founded in I900, a fitting outcome of the exertions of Joseph Chamberlain in persuading his fellow citizens of the need for an institution of higher learning in the industrial community in which they lived. His conception of a close relationship between the University and its immediate environment was nowhere better expressed than in his insistence upon the inclusion of a Faculty of Commerce. Thus it was that the University of Birmingham began the provision of higher education for business management; in the English-speaking world it was preceded only by the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce in Philadelphia and the College of Commerce of the University of California. The idea of university education for commerce was one thing; to translate this into precise academic terms was another. Chamberlain persuaded W. J. Ashley, Professor of Economic History at Harvard, to undertake the task and he became the first Professor of Commerce and Finance and Dean of the Faculty.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:The Nature of Legal Argument. By O. C. Jensen, Professor of Philosophy, University of Natal.The Approach to Self‐Government. By Sir Ivor Jennings, k.b.e., q.c., litt.d., ll.d., f.b.a., Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.The Supreme Court and State Police Power: A Study in Federalism. By Ruth Locke Roettinger.The Law of the Commonwealth and Chief Justice Shaw. By Leonard W. Levy.Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts. Herausgegeben von Mitgliedern des Bundesverfassungsgerichts.Principles of Administrative Law. By J. A. G. Griffith, ll.m., Reader in English Law in the University of London, and H. Street, ll.m., ph.d., Professor of Public Law and Common Law in the University of Manchester.The Principles of Modern Company Law. By L. C. B. Gower, ll.m.(Lond.).Copyright Law Symposium No.Benas and Essenhigh's Precedents of Pleadings. By Bertram B. Benas, Mary Holt and Jeffrys Collinson.Law Relating to Auctioneers and Estate Agents. By D. MacIntyre.. (Introduction to the Science of Law.) By Petros G. Vallindas, Professor at the University of Thessalonica.Learning the Law. By Glanville Williams, ll.d., f.b.a.Renton and Brown's Criminal Procedure According to the Law of Scotland. Third edition. By F. C. Watt, q.c., m.a., ll.b., Sheriff of Caithness, Sutherland, Orkney and Zetland.Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1956.Trials of Timothy John Evans and John Reginald Halliday Christie. Edited by F. Tennyson Jesse.The Rent Act, 1957. By R. E. Megarry, q.c.The Rent Act, 1957. Current Law Guide No. 18. By Ashley Bramall.Shaw's Guide to Rent Control and the Increase of Rents. Second edition. By Quentin Edwards.Rent Acts Manual. By Ashley Bramall.The Landlord and Tenant Acts, 1927 and 1954. Second edition. By Lionel A. Blundell and V. G. Wellings.Introduction to Income Tax Law, Canada. By Francis Eugene La Brie, b.a., ll.b., ll.m., d.jur., Associate Professor in the School of Law, University of Toronto; with the assistance of Marcel Belanger, m.a., c.a., Secretary of the Faculty of Commerce and Professor, Laval University.Silke on South African Income Tax being an exposition of the law, practice and incidence of income tax in South Africa. By A. S. Silke, m.com.(Hons.) (Cape Town), c.a.(s.a.), Lecturer in Taxation at the University of Cape Town.An Estate Duty Notebook. Second edition. By G. Boughen Graham, ll.b., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister‐at‐Law. [The Solicitors' Law Stationery Society, Ltd. 1957. 141 pp. 17s. 6d. net.]Factory Law. Sixth edition. By H. Samuels.Regulation of Employment and Industrial Conciliation in South Africa. By M. Schaeffer, b.a., ll.b.Industrial Laws of South Africa. By Alan de Kock.

Some Problems of Incentives and Labour Productivity in Soviet Industry: A Contribution to the Study of the Planning of Labour in the USSR

Journal Article Some Problems of Incentives and Labour Productivity in Soviet Industry: A Contribution to the Study of the Planning of Labour in the USSR Get access Some Problems of Incentives and Labour Productivity in Soviet Industry: A Contribution to the Study of the Planning of Labour in the USSR. By G. R. Barker. Oxford, Basil Blackwell for the Department of Economics and Institutions of the USSR Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, University of Birmingham, 1956. xii+129 pp- Index. (Monograph No. 1 on the Soviet Economic System.) 8¾″ × 5¾″. 14s. Margaret Miller Margaret Miller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 32, Issue 3, July 1956, Page 379, https://doi.org/10.2307/2608209 Published: 01 July 1956

Sir William Ashley: Some Unpublished Letters

William James Ashley was in his day (i860I-927) an international figure important both as a writer and educator in the field of economic history. Born in Bermondsey, the son of a journeyman hatter, he went up to Balliol on a scholarship in i878 and won a first class in Modern History in i88i. The direction of his professional career was established in the years immediately following his degree-he attended Arnold Toynbee's famous Oxford lectures on the Industrial Revolution and became committed to economic history and social reform; and he made three short visits to Germany, met the leading members of the German Historical School, and embarked upon a full study of German economic literature. Economics, the historical approach, and social reform were to be his lifelong interests. From i888 to i892 he was Professor of Political Economy at the University of Toronto where he organized a new department and established teaching in economics on a sound historical footing. In i892 he went to Harvard where the first chair in economic history in the English-speaking world was created for him. While there he was also active in the Quarterly Journal of Economics and in the editing of his series of Economic Classics. In i9oi Ashley returned to England to join the staff of the newly organized University of Birmingham as Professor of Commerce-the first chair of its kind in Britain. Though opposed at the outset both by academics and businessmen the course of studies that Ashley administered soon won acceptance and was widely copied by other universities, which came later into this field. He retired in 1925 and died two years later at the age of 67. Ashley first made his mark as a scholar with his Early History of the English Woollen Industry (Baltimore, i887) and his Introduction to English Economic History and Theory (2 vols., London, i888-93), and from the publication of these works until his The Economic Organization of England (London, I9I4) he maintained in books and articles a steady though diminishing stream of scholarly work. Increasingly after his return to England in i9oi he was involved in university administration and also in public affairs. At the University of Birmingham he became Vice-Principal as well as Dean of the Faculty of Commerce. Outside the University he actively engaged in the Tariff Reform Movement as Joseph Chamberlain's chief academic adviser and was a member of a number of official economic committees and commissions. He was given an honorary Ph.D. by the University of Berlin in i9io and was knighted in 19I7. Lujo Brentano (i844-I931), Ashley's correspondent in the letters here published, was as prominent a member of the German school of Schmoller and Sombart as Ashley was of the English school of Toynbee and Cunningham. He met English scholars and acquired a lively interest in English affairs during a visit in i868 devoted to the study of English trade unionism. His reputation as a scholar was made with his Die Arbeitergilden der Gegenwart (Leipzig,

University of Birmingham Studies in Economic and Society. Monograph A 1. Incentives and Work Analysis.

Journal Article University of Birmingham Studies in Economic and Society. Monograph A 1. Incentives and Work Analysis Get access University of Birmingham Studies in Economics and Society. Monograph A 1. Incentives and Work Analysis. By W. BALDAMUS. (Pp. 78.) Monograph A 2. Labour Turnover under Full Employment. By JOYCE R. LONG. (Pp. 134.) Monograph A 3. Absence under Full Employment. By HILDA BEHBEND. (Pp. 139.) (Birmingham : Faculty of Commerce and Social Science of the University of Birmingham, 1951. 15s. or $2.00 each.) E. Farmer E. Farmer The Psychological Laboratory, Cambridge University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 63, Issue 249, 1 March 1953, Pages 181–182, https://doi.org/10.2307/2226781 Published: 01 March 1953

Research at the University of Birmingham

THE eighteenth annual report of the Joint Standing Committee for Research of the University of Birmingham, which covers the sessions 1938–39 to 1946–47, is a reference document of exceptional interest. The first section, covering the years from 1938–39 to 1945–46, gives a summary of the research carried out in the various departments of the Faculties of Science, Arts, Medicine and Commerce and also by the University Library, the Board of Research for Mental Disease, the Cancer Research Laboratory, and the Radiotherapy Department, Birmingham United Hospital. The summaries or notes on these researches are supported by full lists of publications under the Departments concerned. The second section of the report, covering the session 1946–47, in addition to a like list of publications embodying results of research completed in 1946–47, lists the personnel of the Committee, the research funds available for the session 1946–47, the conditions and procedure relating to applications for grants, the subjects of research towards which grants-in-aid have been made by the Committee and also other subjects of research during the session.

Financing American Prosperity: A Symposium of Economists.

Journal Article Financing American Prosperity: A Symposium of Economists Get access Financing American Prosperity: A Symposium of Economists. Edited by PAUL T. HOMAN and FRITZ MACHLUP. (New York : The Twentieth Century Fund, 1945. Pp. xi + 508. $3.00.) Gilbert Walker Gilbert Walker Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, Birmingham University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 56, Issue 222, 1 June 1946, Pages 295–297, https://doi.org/10.2307/2225805 Published: 01 June 1946

University Development at Birmingham

THE University of Birmingham has launched an appeal for £1,500,000 for purposes of development, and promises of £638,636 have already been received. Outstanding items in the proposed scheme are £100,000 each for four additional halls of residence (three for men and one for women), £200,000 for a new library, £170,000 for new laboratories for mechanical and electrical engineering, £150,000 for buildings at Edgbaston to house the Faculties of Arts, Commerce and Law, and central administration, and £40,000 each for the endowment of chairs of geography and electronics. In the words of the Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Raymond Priestley, "Men and women who must guide and control a great industrial people, and the experts who are to be the spear-point of scientific industry, are best educated within sight and sound of the factory and the market-place. We are moving forward into a world in which technical development will take place at an accelerating rate. To equip ourselves for the competition we shall have to face in order to maintain our standard of living—if not our very existence—in the post-war world involves mobilization of the skill and talent of the whole people, together with development of character, to put the programme through. We need to combine the best features of the older universities with the specialities of the new that are in closer touch with the industrial world. Given the will and the apparatus, there is nowhere that this could be done better than here in Birmingham."

Federal Finance in Peace and War

Journal Article Federal Finance in Peace and War Get access Federal Finance in Peace and War. With Special Reference to the United States of America and the British Commonwealth. By G. Findlay Shirras, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University College, Exeter. 1944. (London: Macmillan. 8¾″ × 6″. xvi + 377 pp. 21s.) E. Rechnitzer E. Rechnitzer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 21, Issue 2, April 1945, Pages 267–268, https://doi.org/10.2307/3016394 Published: 01 April 1945

Social Economics in the University of Manchester

THE Council of the University of Manchester has announced its decision to revive the second chair in the Faculty of Commerce and Administration, which has been in abeyance since 1932, with the title of “Chair of Social Economics”. Mr. John Jewkes, who has been in charge of the Economics Research Section of the Faculty, which has been responsible for such important investigations as the industrial surveys of Lancashire and also Cumberland and Furness, undertaken for the Board of Trade, and the study of juvenile unemployment, has been elected to the chair as from September next. The duties will include the conduct of research and supervision of the work in the Economics Research Section, the creation of which was a new development in Great Britain in the organization of economic research within a university. It has now passed the experimental stage, and Mr. Jewkes's appointment is a recognition of it as an integral and permanent part of the work of the Department of Economics at the University of Manchester. Among a number of important inquiries which are in hand may be mentioned a study of the case histories of 2,000 juveniles in Lancashire who left school at Easter 1934; a study of the location of British industry, the changes proceeding and the forces behind them; a re-assessment of the industrial situation in Lancashire, being carried out at the invitation of the Lancashire Industrial Development Council; and a study of the systems of wage payment and labour conditions in the Lancashire cotton-weaving industry.

SIR WILLIAM ASHLEY

SIR WILLIAM ASHLEY, whose death we regret to record, was an economist of note. He studied history at Oxford and afterwards went to Germany, where he came under the influence of Schmoller, which gave an impetus to most of his later work. For a period he held various university posts in the United States of America, returning to England to found the Commerce Department at the University of Birmingham, where he was professor, dean of the Faculty of Commerce, and later Vice-Principal of the University. On his retirement he settled at Canterbury and had several inquiries in hand, but these expectations were frustrated by a serious illness which terminated fatally on July 23.

Sir William Ashley

SIR WILLIAM ASHLEY, whose death we regret to record, was an economist of note. He studied history at Oxford and afterwards went to Germany, where he came under the influence of Schmoller, which gave an impetus to most of his later work. For a period he held various university posts in the United States of America, returning to England to found the Commerce Department at the University of Birmingham, where he was professor, dean of the Faculty of Commerce, and later Vice-Principal of the University. On his retirement he settled at Canterbury and had several inquiries in hand, but these expectations were frustrated by a serious illness which terminated fatally on July 23.

University and Educational Intelligence

BIRMINGHAM.—The Mitsui family of Japan has made a gift of 5000l. to the faculty of commerce. The Council has decided to apply the gift to the foundation of a chair of finance which, in view of the personal connexion of the Mitsui family with the university and of their generous contribution to its funds, is to be designated the Mitsui professorship of finance.

University and Educational Intelligence

BIRMINGHAM.—On the recommendation of the Senate, a University Research Committee has been appointed. This committee consists of fifteen members, viz. the Vice-Chancellor, the Principal, and five other members elected by the Council of the University, together with eight members of the Senate, elected on the nomination of the faculties as follows: three from the Faculty of Science, two each from the Faculties of Arts and Medicine, and one from the Faculty of Commerce. These members are appointed in the first place for two years, and are eligible for reappointment at the end of that period. The object of the committee is “to facilitate by all means in its power the prosecution and publication of original research in all branches of knowledge.” The members appointed by the Council are Sir Richard Threlfall, Messrs. T. S. Walker, W. Waters Butler, Hugh Morton, and William Tangye; and the Faculty of Science is represented by Profs. F. W. Burstall, F. W. Gamble, and S. W. J. Smith. The Registrar is to act as secretary.

University and Educational Intelligence

BIRMINGHAM.—Sir William Ashley, Dean of the faculty of commerce, has been invited to become Vice-Principal in succession to Dr. R. S. Heath, whose resignation takes effect at the end of the current session. The post of registrar, hitherto occupied by Dr. Heath, is to be filled by Prof. Alfred Hughes, Dean of the faculty of arts.

University and Educational Intelligence

BIRMINGHAM.—The council of the University and the Principal (Sir Oliver Lodge) have issued, for presenta tion at the annual meeting of the Court of Governors, their reports for the session 1916-17. The war has re duced the total number of students to about 63 per cent, of the normal. The diminution affects all faculties, but the chief sufferers have been the faculties of commerce and science, which show reductions to 33 and 37 per cent, respectively of the figures for 1913-14, whereas the corresponding strengths of the faculties of arts and medicine are respectively 69 and 81 per cent. It is noteworthy that in the. faculties of science, arts, and commerce, taken together, women constitute 68 per cent., and in the faculty of medicine 41 per cent. The reports show that the University is taking its share in the application of science to war purposes, and that steps are being taken to bring the faculty of science into closer contact with the industrial world. In the concluding part of his report the Principal deals with after-war conditions. He says:—“One of the many problems which must press for attention after the war is the closer linking of science with industry—in other words, a more determined attack on practical problems and an application to useful purposes of what is known. But it will behove us in the University vividly to remember that pure science must precede applications of science, and that unless pure science is cultivated in universities it is not likely to be pursued with adequate attention anywhere. … We must have faith that all real knowledge, as soon as it becomes familiar, can be made useful by those who have oppor tunity to apply it. For it is impossible for a university to pursue knowledge for its own sake with adequate resources unless the community recognises this as its duty, and has faith enough in the ultimate outcome to be willing to make provision, even lavish provision, for its pursuit without expectation of an immediate pecuniary result. … Nevertheless, demands are likely to be made upon us, as now during the war, for specific research into problems arising in design and manufacture. Up to a point this is quite proper and to be encouraged, for such problems are often informing, and their solution may lead to fresh developments. Science and its applications interact on each other, and a sharp dividing line is neither feasible nor wanted, but as a rule universities should specially cultivate pure learning of every kind.”