70CIVIL WAR HISTORY Hunter's life primarily from the context ofhis military career. It is a wise choice, for Hunter was a product of the military and Miller is an expert on the culture of the army officer corps. He details Hunter's ambitions and frustrations, from his grumbling dispatches to dilemmas over strategy and tactics. But one can only guess athow broadercultural concerns, such as religion and race, shaped Hunter's worldviews and actions, factors that would have shed even more light on "Lincoln's abolitionist general." John Stauffer Yale University Where They Lie: The story ofthe Jewish Soldiers ofthe North and South Whose Deaths—Killed, Mortally WoundedorDiedofDisease or Other Causes—Occurred During the Civil War, 1861-1865. By Mel Young. (New York: University Press of America, 1991. Pp. 297. $17.00) Like Somon Wolf in his The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier, and Citizen ( 1895), this book purposes to highlight the participation of individualAmerican Jews in the convulsive events of the American Civil War. Wolf produced a list of 7,038 names including generals and privates, Union and Confederate. Although Wolf's list is flawed (some of the men listed have been proven to be non-Jews), it has served as a starting point for all subsequent efforts to write about Jewish servicemen in the Civil War. Young's book also seeks to list as many individuals who fought as possible. Young provides more anecdotal information than was given by Wolf. What makes Young's book a unique contribution is his focus on those who died as a result of their involvement in the war—killed in action, died of wounds, or dead from other war-related causes. The first five chapters of the book offer a chronological narrative of the major campaigns of the war with anecdotes of Jewish participation in each event and a list of Jewish casualties in each action. Chapter 6 is a selection of more detailed stories relating to individuals told with original documents. Chapter 7 gives a brief notice on each of the Jewish winners of the Congressional Medal of Honor during the Civil War and of one Confederate who received its CSA equivalent. Chapter 8 lists the names, units, and places and circumstances of death of almost six hundred Jewish soldiers from both sides who died during the war (burial sites are given for about one-third of these). Some of the information Young gives about individual soldiers is new with this book, not merely copied from Wolf: 20 percent of a sample of names found in chapter 2 were not mentioned in Wolf; a further 20 percent of the names included additional or corrected information for individuals listed inWolf. Young drew from nineteenth-century newspaper accounts, the Official Records and other governmental archival sources, and extensive correspondence with families who shared some previously unpublished material (for example, correspondence of A. Zehden in chapter 6). BOOK REVIEWS7I However, the book suffers from a narrative so poorly written as to be distracting . There are numerous small errors relating to general Civil War history. The photographs of gravemarkers reproduced in the book are often fuzzy and hard to read, and printed transcriptions are frequently not given. Behind this book (andWolf's as well) is the problem ofhow to establish the Jewish identity of CivilWar-era individuals, civilian or military. In spite ofthese flaws,Young's contribution to the literature of Jewish military participation in the Civil War is a valuable one. Growing from his military background (West Point class of 1 952), strong Jewish identification, and proximity to the burial sites of Civil War Jewish dead in and near Chattanooga, Young's focus on those Jews who made the ultimate sacrifice in the Civil War is constant throughout the book and unique in the literature. He gives us their names, tells some of their stories, and urges us to remember them and their deeds. Allan D. Satin Hebrew Union College Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse ofManifest Destiny and the Coming ofthe Civil War. By MichaelA. Morrison. (Chapel Hill: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1997. Pp. 396. $49.95.) It is impossible for a short review to dojustice to a study of this...