Comfort Of Citizens Research Articles

METHODS FOR MANAGING VISUAL QUALITIES OF LIGHTING IN PUBLIC SPACES OF THE CITY

Raising of problem. Lighting is an important aspect of creating an attractive and comfortable urban environment. It can enhance the aesthetics of night-time cities by highlighting architectural details, highlighting significant urban locations and creating areas for public interaction. Properly designed lighting affects the health and comfort of citizens. It can improve mood, sleep, reduce fatigue and improve visual function. With the development of new lighting technologies and digital innovations, it becomes possible to introduce modern approaches to urban lighting planning into architectural practice.At the present stage of innovative development of street lighting technologies, the Urban Lighting Masterplan (ULMP) is playing an increasingly important role. These are strategies that regulate and fix the basic requirements for organizing sustainable artificial lighting in urban spaces. Purpose. This study is devoted to the principles of managing the visual qualities of the illuminated architectural environment. For the first time, a framework for the formation of criteria for assessing the visual qualities of the architectural environment is proposed. GIS is considered as a promising tool for managing the visual qualities of lighting, the levels of which are formed in accordance with the functions of visual comfort. The following nine basic functions of visual comfort are defined, each of which is the basis for creating GIS layers: 1. Adaptive; 2. Axiological; 3. Compensatory; 4. Integrating; 5. Aesthetic; 6. Cultural; 7. Social memory function; 8. Epistemological; 9. Ethical. Each subsequent layer adds its own light sources. For each of these nine functions, two lighting properties are proposed: color and light. Each property is described by four characteristics: color − saturation, lightness, color temperature, color tone; light (luminous flux) – brightness, illumination, contrast. Conclusion. An idea of the approaches and structure of the assessment of the visual qualities of illuminated public spaces has been formed. It is hypothesized that the optimal approach to the analysis of existing situations in the lighting of open public spaces and the formation of sets of requirements for improving their visual qualities is the use of GIS. A hypothesis was formed about the structure of the criteria for assessing the visual qualities of lighting, based on the psychophysiological, emotional-aesthetic, and pictorial-artistic levels of perception of the architectural environment.Thus, the approach described in the article allows us to formulate criteria for assessing the visual comfort of artificial lighting of public spaces.

Research on the Evaluation of Urban Quality in Yunnan Province Based on Principal Component Analysis Approach

Urban quality represents the spiritual taste and development quality of a city, and is the unity of the two. The level of urban quality reflects the level of the whole process of a city's planning, construction and management, and also directly affects the convenience and comfort of citizens' life, as well as relates to the agglomeration and attraction of various resource elements such as talents and industries. In other words, it is a comprehensive reflection of a city's strength, directly reflecting a city's economic development strength, urban social and cultural conditions, the beauty of the ecological environment, the level of public services and the living conditions of residents. China's economic development has entered a new period, has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development, and a clear understanding of the quality of the city is of great significance to high-quality development. This paper uses principal component analysis to conduct a comprehensive evaluation study of urban quality in 16 cities and towns in Yunnan Province from five dimensions: quality of urban economic development, social and cultural quality, quality of ecological environment, quality of public services, and quality of life of residents, using empirical data for the period of 2017-2021 as a sample of 16 cities and towns in Yunnan Province. The study found that although the comprehensive index of urban quality of each state and city in Yunnan Province has been steadily increasing year by year, the gap between the states and cities has not been significantly reduced. The development level of city sub-quality in each state and city in Yunnan Province is not balanced, and there are geographical differences, with a few cities, such as Kunming, having higher quality, while the quality of the majority of cities needs to be improved. The comprehensive scores of these city qualities are affected by indicators of economic development, social progress and environmental protection, and also show their own characteristics and advantages. In order to improve the quality of cities in Yunnan Province, it is recommended that policy guidance be strengthened, coordinated development among cities be promoted, investment in environmental protection be increased, and the development of social programs be advanced.

Decentralized Information Platforms in Public Governance: Reconstruction of the Modern Democracy or Comfort Blinding?

ABSTRACT The paper offers the author’s vision of the political and organizational problem of using modern blockchain-based platform solutions in public governance. The aim is substantiating potential of decentralized information platforms as a new tool of public governance to promote conscious participation of people in public politics and democracy. Based on the study of the experience of the UK, Estonia, India, and Ukraine in platform governance, the author asserts that the modern world practice of using centralized digital platforms is conditioned by the comfort for citizens as the main value, thereby replacing the real democratic values. The paper offers an original comparison of 15 key parameters of platforms and author’s comparison of decentralized platforms with two other main forms of providing public administrative services by criteria as functionality, security, and cost. Unlike promising decentralized platforms, government centralized platforms are a mechanism for removing citizens from conscious governance by their states.

Dynamics of Open Green Areas in Polish and Romanian Cities during 2006–2018: Insights for Spatial Planners

Studying green urban infrastructure is important because of its ecosystem services, contributing to the welfare and comfort of citizens, mitigation of climate changes, and sustainability goals. Urban planning can increase or diminish the performance of ecosystem services. Despite numerous studies on the green infrastructure–services–planning nexus, there are very few concrete planning recommendations. This study aims to provide such recommendations for a broader audience by analyzing the dynamic of open green areas in Polish and Romanian cities, connected with its drivers. A novel approach including mathematical modeling and geostatistical analyses was applied to Urban Atlas and statistical yearbooks data. The results indicated that open green areas were lost and fragmented in all Romanian and Polish cities during 2006–2018. The drivers included urban built-up areas, population and density, the number of building permits, number of new dwellings completed, number of employees, and total length of roads. The study also revealed a tremendous lack of consistent datasets across the countries using the same statistical indicators. Based on the findings, planners should aim to preserve and develop urban greenery and maintain its continuity. City managers should use more research and decision-making policy developers to develop targeted policies and scientists should develop planning manuals.

IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SMART CITY SYSTEM

Today, more than 3.9 billion people live in urban areas, that is, more than 54% of the world population. According to scientists from New York State University, urbanization will continue in the coming years, increasing the urban population to 6.0 billion. people by 2045 A significant increase in the urban population increases the demand for energy, mobility, water and other urban services in cities. Therefore, cities should become smarter in providing urban services. In addition, cities are the largest environmental pollutants responsible for more than 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, 75% of waste generation and 70% of global energy consumption. Due to global awareness of the negative impacts of such pollution on the environment, cities are under greater pressure to improve environmental performance while improving the level of services. All these trends converge at the moment when a new trend is being formed: digitalization. The growing demand for sustainable, comprehensive, reliable and efficient urban service puts enormous pressure on our urban infrastructure, but digitalization provides a powerful tool for solving these issues and creates a paradigm shift in our concept of cities – creating the Smart City concept. The use of information technologies in the management of a modern city has long been relevant. Since the 2000s, progressive companies have mentioned Smart City as an effective way to manage urban resources and recommended it for use by officials. However, then it is only possible to talk about it, and today every city that considers itself modern wants to be Smart City. It is also worth introducing smart technologies in the public administration sector, and not only in the field of infrastructure, security and tourism. This is due to both the globalization processes, the increase in the population in cities and the growing role of the cities themselves and the systematic growth of urbanization, and the change in the role of the city itself – their transformation into modern information centres using information and communication technologies in many spheres of life of residents. Modern cities face constant contradictions every day: the combination of social attractiveness of the city and the comfort of residents' living, the rapid growth of production and environmental norms and the growth of industrial waste, transport and production infrastructure and modern information technologies. At the same time, it is worth noting that cities are the driving engines of the economy, platforms for creating and implementing social innovations, technological innovations, centres of education and culture. Smart cities today become the basis of social progress and economic growth, as information technologies help transform traditional functions in the classical sense through the use of smart technologies. These technologies make it possible to solve the problems that arise and qualitatively change the system of the city administration. As a result, conditions for the development of each resident of the community and the city as a whole are ensured. Smart decisions of the city authorities produce an increase in the value of the city itself due to additional emerging opportunities, as well as increasing the investment attractiveness of the city itself. The growth of modern solutions using the latest technologies, primarily in the field of municipal management, increases the efficiency of resource use, ensures the development of economic potential, the launch of new individual business areas, and also improves the quality and comfort of citizens' living in the city. At the same time, modern city development and management systems should include smart technologies and information systems for the transformation of life in urban processes, better management and improvement of life in the city. It is also worth noting that today with the spread of infections, such as covid-19 infection, which has become a global pandemic, the role of Smart City smart technologies is not so much in demand in the world and Ukraine in particular. The role of such technologies will increase from year to year. Also, taking into account globalization and integration processes in the world, the Smart City system has long begun to gain popularity among leading countries with developed economies and the European Union. Smart City affects both everyday life in the city and the sphere of state and local administration, public safety, industry, transport, ecology, medicine, energy, mobility and other spheres of life of citizens, both at the national and local levels. Keywords: globalization, smart technologies, digitalization, digitalization, development, Smart City.

Benefit from renewable energy in sustainable outdoor furniture design (Applied on bus shelter)

This study was performed to analyze the problem of bus shelter design in Egypt, and achieving the principle of sustainability and the use of renewable energy to become sustainable , energy saving outdoor furniture design, and the goal is to develop the design of bus station areas to achieve functional, ergonomic,technological and aesthetic dimension As the bus station or bus shelter are an important platform for publicizing the city’s image. The research dealt with alternative renewable energies, their types, and how to use them in outdoor furniture, through an analytical description that was applied to bus shelter. The research also dealt with the essence of sustainability and its most important principles, and the effective role of the interior and furniture designer towards his town locally and towards the world internationally in activating sustainable design was also clarified, as sustainable furniture design respects the environment and preserves resources through ecological design solutions. Environmentally manufactured and useful in outdoor furniture. Then the research dealt with an analysis of a bus shelter that achieves the principle of sustainability through raw materials and alternative energy, achieving human design, comfort for citizens and meeting their needs, and the sustainable furniture design movement to support and present these ideas and concepts to the user by providing modern sustainable designs that satisfy the needs of the Egyptian consumer. In terms of form and function, the design of the bus stop is not only a place for waiting, but also a space that reduces the boredom of waiting for buses, thus the design is not only limited to function but also to form and luxury in a sustainable way.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES

The article is devoted to the development of the “smart city”. This topic is important to ensure the effective functioning of modern cities and take into account the needs of their inhabitants. Smart City is an innovative system. This system uses sensors, internet of things (IoT), networks, big data to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of urban services. It is established that the sustainable development of a “smart city” must take into account economic, social and environmental aspects and ensure its compliance with the needs of present and future generations. The development of “smart cities” involves the integration and coordination of services in cities. Such development should provide opportunities for remote participation of citizens in city management. Strategic directions of Zaporizhzhya city development are considered. The development strategy of Zaporizhzhya until 2028 provides for the development of a healthy environment, resource conservation, promotion of entrepreneurship, creative economy, improving the quality of life. In Zaporizhzhya, the main goals of the development of a “smart city” are to increase the share of waste processing, reduce air pollution in the city, reduce water use by industrial enterprises. The sphere of entrepreneurship and creative economy envisages the development of processing industries and logistics with low technogenic impact on the environment, reduction of emissions and introduction of ecological technologies. For the development of the creative economy of Zaporizhzhya, gradual commercialization of science, holding of art projects and festivals, increase of coworking and popularization of IT-technologies are envisaged. The article systematizes electronic smart services in Zaporizhzhya. In particular, the city is developing electronic smart services to improve the further comfort of citizens (“EasyWay”, “Waze” and others). The development of smart city services in Zaporizhzhya covers the areas of transport, housing and communal services, health and medicine, cultural and entertainment, socio-economic and administrative-social services. Such actions help to accelerate management decisions, save budget funds, improve the provision of information services for citizens and businesses.

Aplicación de urbanismo táctico en la Universidad de Ibagué (Colombia)

En el siglo XX, el modelo urbanístico tenía una configuración de ciudad dispersa y difusa, aquella donde imperaban los medios de transporte motorizado sobre los medios de movilidad activa que, en consecuencia, dejaban la carencia en infraestructura peatonal y ciclista. Por esta razón, se deben realizar modificaciones viales en beneficio de la seguridad y comodidad de los ciudadanos, con la creación de nuevos espacios urbanos para su desplazamiento. En desarrollo a esto, las personas han encontrado el medio adecuado para proponer soluciones a través de acciones temporales, económicas y creativas, que se identifican como urbanismo táctico.Con el fin de implementar políticas de transporte sostenible, se elabora un diseño de urbanismo táctico en la calle 66 del barrio Ambalá en la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia, contiguo a la Universidad de Ibagué. Este proceso se lleva a cabo, dado que la calle presenta serios problemas de movilidad que intervienen en la calidad de vida de las personas que habitan el sector y quienes hacen uso frecuente de la misma. El objetivo es analizar los beneficios e impactos sociales que se pueden generar luego de esta intervención, en aras de exponer la capacidad del urbanismo táctico para solucionar problemas de movilidad y espacio público.

Combining dynamic city sensors to build a three-dimensional thermal environment cloud information system for smart cities

Professors Ko-Chiu Wu, Chih-Hong Huang and Hsiao-Tung Chang from the National Taipei University of Technology and Chinese Culture University are combining dynamic city sensors to build a 3D thermal environment cloud information system for smart cities. They seek to uncover new information about urban heat island (UHI) by describing the dynamic phenomena underway. The ultimate aim of this study is to survey the thermal environment data in the horizontal and vertical interspace of urban areas. The data and insight the team gathers will be extremely useful to policy makers and city planners, as well as designing urban spaces with the comfort of citizens in mind, it is hoped they will be able to mitigate the effects of UHI and even make energy savings using the 3D maps.

Environmentally friendly construction as a tool for ensuring the quality of construction products

In order for construction works in Russia to be carried out in the construction of objects and objects already built to be competitive on the world market, when implementing projects, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of not only the regulatory and technical documents governing construction and installation works in Russia, but also take into account the requirements of environmental standards imposed by certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM. At this stage of development of the domestic construction industry, there is no regulatory and technical framework governing the implementation of environmental standards on a mandatory basis. The construction market in Russia is highly competitive. When choosing a contractor, customers are guided by the shortest possible turnaround time and minimum cost. Often these two conditions are achieved by minimizing the costs of contractor’s resources for work that are not provided for by the regulatory and technical base of the Russian Federation as mandatory. In order for the domestic construction industry to reach the World level, it is necessary to introduce foreign environmental certification systems that allow increasing the level of comfort for citizens.

Proposed Mathematical Lighting Model Based on OFDM Technique and Self-Lighting Concept for a Smart Lighting

In recent years, the role of street lighting has changed dramatically. Currently, street lighting is used not only to ensure the safety and comfort of citizens in a city, but also to make public spaces more attractive to pedestrians, cyclists, used cars, motorcycles, taxis and public transport, contributing to a more sustainable urban and rural future. On the other hand, public lighting is constantly increasing and polluting the environment (light pollution) as well as fauna. Yet, for some years now, the current QoS regulations oblige to sift the light, to use different methods and technologies to reduce the overexposure due to the light pollution as well as the energy consumption for a better comfort as the use of the sensors movements, automating lighting and other methods. The aim of this article is to show you how our proposed mathematical lighting model based on OFDM technique and our self-lighting concept, can reduce substantially the energy consumption. We propose to show our combined scheme and a complete study of energy gain calculation when pedestrian or vehicles detections are occurred in multispeed detections scenarios.

Improving Climatic Comfort of Citizens by Adjusting the Orientation and Extension of Physics of City Squares: Case Study of Yazd

The heat of the earth is provided by solar radiation. A change in the angle of solar radiation and the surface of the earth causes changes in the ambient temperature. Sometimes, these changes reduce climatic comfort of human beings. Climatic comfort is established when there is a balance between excreted and absorbed temperatures of the skin of the body. Orientation and extension rates of physics of squares relative to the geographical north influence the amount of received direct sunlight in different months. Relevant studies show that the squares of the city of Yazd reduce the climatic comfort of its citizens; moreover, the physics of Yazd's squares apply various extension rates, which led to high building costs to citizens and relevant organizations. This study, by using the correlation method and R software, measures different orientation and extension rates of physics of squares in Yazd. It analyzes two models with orientation and physical extension as variables and evaluates the shade and sunlight in the space. The results reveal significant differences between desirable and undesirable options. Considering the climatic comfort of space users and residents at the same time, a rectangle with an extension ratio of one to several and the north-south orientation, making the lowest facade face the south, is the most appropriate physic for city squares.