Comfort Factors Research Articles

Review of Responsive Design Concept Based On Framework Materialize On The Website

Responsive web design is a website design that can adjust each size on each device. Based on the results of several respondents, 60% of respondents agreed that some websites were not able to adjust the display size on the web, 50% of respondents agreed that design affects the convenience factor, 58% of respondents agreed that the main content and functionality of websites that are difficult to access via mobile devices, 53% of respondents agreed that the appearance of a website that was not attractive had a bad effect on the comfort factor of the respondents, 50% of respondents also agreed that the website was not able to adjust the size on every mobile device. From the results of this review, it can be concluded that an unresponsive website greatly affects the inconvenience of users in accessing information through the website.

Faktor-Faktor Tempat Tinggal Bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah Di Kelurahan Pudak Payung

Housing and settlements are problems that develop in line with population growth increasing residential needs. Along with the increasing demand for land for residential development, there is also land value development. Besides, these problems also result in a reduced empty area that can be used for housing and makes land prices more expensive. So, a low-income community's limitations in obtaining livable houses causing them to have gotten houses independently. Self-help houses built by a low-income community are identical to uninhabitable homes because they ignore aspects of livable standards. This study aims to determine the factors that affect a low-income neighbourhood in residence regarding a low-income neighbourhood's characteristics. The method used is quantitative and uses descriptive analysis techniques and crosstabs analysis. The results of this study indicate that what affects the low-income community living in the Pudak Payung Village are environmental comfort factors with a value of 91%, accessibility with an amount of 55%, waste with a value of 93%, electricity with an amount of 54% and clean water with an amount of 100%. While the analysis that has a relationship based on the chi-square test is the accessibility with 0.049, electricity with education is 0.01, and heat with income is 0.00.

Hubungan antara Persepsi terhadap Kualitas dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau dengan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Anak

Gresik Regency has been trying to implement a green open space policy in the form of a child-friendly park. It is very substantial for Gresik Regency to have a park that can be both as outdoor space for children and also air pollution filter. This study aims to identify the relationship between perceptions of the quality and utilization of green open space with child psychological well-being. Data was collected using Perception of the Quality and Utilization of Green Open Space scale and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire that obtained from parent’s assessment. The results suggested that there was a relationship between the perception of the quality and utilization of green open space with the child’s psychological well-being in the dimension of strength, specifically in developing prosocial behavior. However, there was no relationship in the dimension of difficulties. The results also obtained that the perception of the quality and utilization of green space in Gresik was good. Even so, the community still perceived the lack of park safety factors. They also infrequently visit the park. These results can be used as an evaluation for the Local Regional Government to improve the safety and comfort factor of the park.

Efficacy of Anaesthesia Techniques in Periapical Diseased Tooth

Almost all minor oral surgical procedures can be performed effectively if patient is relaxed and comfortable. One of the contributing factor for patient comfort is effective pain control. This can be achieved pre and per-operatively by various local anaesthetic techniques. Infiltration techniques are commonly employed in all maxillary and mandibular teeth whereas mandibular posterior teeth requires a nerve block. In certain cases, these techniques fails or provide inadequate anaesthesia, for example, teeth associated with periapical pathology. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine effectiveness of infiltration and block techniques as well as when supplemented by intra-ligament injection for anaesthesia in periapical infected teeth. Keywords: anaesthesia, infiltration technique, block technique, intraligamental technique, periapical pathology.

OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN MODA ANGKUTAN BUS TRANS LAMPUNG DALAM PENINGKATAN KONEKTIVITAS TRANSPORTASI WISATA KAWASAN TELUK LAMPUNG

Pesawaran Regency is known to have advantages in the tourism sector. This can be seen from the number of tourists who continue to increase, especially on national holidays. The Provincial Government is collaborating with the Trans Lampung Bus by opening routes to tourist destinations, namely from Tanjung Karang Station - Ketapang Harbor. However, in practice, there is a tendency for tourists to use private transportation modes compared to public transportation modes that have been provided. Therefore, this study aims to find out how to increase tourist interest in using the Trans Lampung Bus public transportation route from Tanjung Karang Station to Ketapang Port as tourist transportation. There are three targets to achieve the research objectives, namely: 1. Knowing what factors influence the choice of mode; 2. Knowing the opportunities for using private and public transportation modes; 3. Make recommendations for optimizing public transportation mode. The analytical method used in this study is binary logistic regression and sensitivity. Based on the sensitivity analysis, it is known that the comfort factor has a higher sensitivity than the bus trip rit factor. Therefore, the comfort factor will be optimized first.

Cancer Hospital with Healing Environment Approach in Cakung, Jakarta

Cancer is the second deadliest disease after coronary heart disease. In general, cancer patients often experience psychological disorders due to the effects of the chemotherapy treatment that they are undergoing. The comfort factor becomes important in improving the cancer patients’ quality of life when undergoing chemotherapy. The theory that can improve the quality of life is by applying aspects of healing environment. Therefore, researchers become interested in conducting research study to determine the comfort level of cancer patients against the use of healing environment, with the voting method and the likert scale to 23 respondents of cancer patients in Jakarta.

Characteristics of Jakarta society that need intervention to accord with the concept of Architechnopreneurship

Architecture as a form of application of science, technology and art can change space and the environment as part of human culture and civilization that fulfills the rules of function, construction and aesthetics and includes factors of safety, security, health, comfort, and convenience. Architechnopreneurship is a new concept that combines architectural techniques, technological advances, entrepreneurial values, and education which is applied in the form of housing in flooded areas. This study aims to explore the characteristics of the people of Jakarta who require intervention to have a view that is in accordance with the concept of architechnopreneurship. The research method used is the Neuroresearch method with an emphasis on the confirmatory stage. The Neuroresearch research method consists of three main stages, namely exploratory research, explanatory research, and confirmatory research. The result of the research is that there are differences in the views of the whole of Jakarta about architechnopreneurship based on gender, age, and education. However, there is no difference in the views of people throughout Jakarta about the concept of architechnopreneurship in terms of work.

Personalized thermal comfort modeling through genetic algorithm

ABSTRACT No energy-saving actions are implied without maintaining comfortable levels for the residents, as lack of comfort results in stress while threatening the occupants health and well-being. In this paper, a novel algorithm for the estimation of individual metabolic rate and comfort level is introduced. A Genetic Algorithm is utilized for the metabolic rate computation of thermal comfort by eradicating all speculative factors, while creating a personal thermal comfort evaluator. Based on the occupants feedback, the subjective personal factors of thermal comfort (clothing insulation, metabolic rate) are estimated, generating a personal thermal comfort profile. Therefore, the proposed approach can be adapted to create the resident’s personal preferences to achieve accurate comfort level estimation. Ultimately, the proposed algorithm is evaluated against real-life indoor sensor data and users’ feedback, while the experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed system. The Genetic algorithm succeeds 100% in finding the optimal metabolic rate solution while improving the thermal comfort estimation error. The thermal comfort profile is 98% accurate compared to a solution based on ASHRAE tables that has 73% of accuracy.

ZOOM AS A TOOL OF WEB BASED TEACHING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS IN UKRAINE

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic a strict quarantine was imposed from March to May of 2020. Ukrainian higher education faced new challenges caused by unexpected distance teaching and learning implemented in all higher educational establishments during the period in question. Despite the sound theoretical achievements of Ukrainian scientists in the field of distance education, as well as the existing legal framework for the implementation of distance learning in higher education, not all educational institutions had well-established learning management systems. All the above induced foreign languages teachers to search for available technologies which allow delivering their lectures effectively. One of the most popular services was video conferencing, in particular Zoom. The research deals with the specifics of teaching foreign languages in higher educational establishments on Zoom Platform via video conferencing. The research presents the results of the survey conducted among the teachers who used Zoom for teaching foreign languages during the quarantine from March to June in 2020. Based on the survey respondents’ answers, the author determines benefits and drawbacks of Zoom for teaching foreign languages in higher educational establishments, specifies the factors for psychological comfort, as well as the conditions and tools for the development of language skills and speech abilities. Special attention is paid to methodological recommendations aimed at practical implementation of foreign languages online teaching via Zoom video conferencing. The author considers such aspects of foreign languages teaching via Zoom video conferencing as cyber security, discipline issues, creation of psychologically comfortable atmosphere, and Zoom technical tools for teaching foreign language communication.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation and performance optimization of an electrical vehicle Air-conditioning system

In vehicles, air conditioning tends to offer efficient thermal conditioning and air circulation inside cabin for passenger comfort from different climate variation. The working performance of air conditioning system in vehicles is an essential factor for thermal comfort and driving safety of the passenger compartment of vehicles. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a numerical simulation model for theoretical analysis and performance evaluation of vehicle air conditioning system. In current research, the air conditioning system of an electric vehicle is taken as the research subject. Internal flow field characteristics of air conditioning system is investigated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Results show that the air flow in air-conditioning system is relatively smooth, and the velocity distribution in the front windshield A area and the driver's field of vision of the left and right windows is not ideal when the defrosting-demisting mode is on; the velocity and air quantity distribution of the two outlets in the middle air duct are not uniform under blowing mode. In view of the uneven distribution of velocity and air quantity, the corresponding optimization scheme is proposed. After optimization, the cell relative velocity of the front windshield is significantly improved, and velocity distribution of the side window glass is slightly increased and the defrosting-demisting performance meets the vehicle defrosting requirements of national standard; after optimization, the air quantity distribution of the air ducts at blowing mode is more uniform, which is conducive to the comfort of the passenger compartment.

Akciğer Kanseri Nedeniyle Ameliyat Olan Hastalarda Konfor Düzeyi ve Konforu Etkileyen Faktörler

Amaç: Araştırma akciğer kanseri nedeniyle ameliyat olan hastaların konfor düzeyi ile konforu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki bu araştırma, bir kamu hastanesinde akciğer kanseri nedeniyle ameliyat olan 185 hasta ile yapıldı. Veriler hasta tanılama formu ve Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği (PKÖ) kullanılarak elde edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların ameliyat sonrası “Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği” puan ortalaması 4,55±0,71 olarak bulundu. Genel sağlık algısı iyi olan, şimdiki ameliyata yönelik tutumu olumlu olan ve ameliyat öncesi eğitim alan hastaların konfor puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Konforu azaltan faktörler; hastaların kendilerini yabancı bir ortamda hissetmesi, çok endişeli olmaları, içinde bulundukları durumdan rahatsız olmaları ve ortam ısısının yeterli olmaması olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Akciğer kanseri nedeniyle ameliyat olan hastaların ameliyat sonrası konfor düzeyinin yüksek seviyeye yakın olduğunu belirlendi. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde hemşirelerin, hastaların bireysel gereksinimlerine yönelik eğitimler vermesi ve cerrahi girişim sonrası hastaların konfor düzeyini belirleyerek, elde edilen sonuçlara göre bakımı bireysel olarak planlaması ve uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Drivers of winter indoor temperatures in Swedish dwellings: Investigating the tails of the distribution

Residential indoor climate is a key factor for occupant comfort, health and wellbeing, while also affecting the buildings' energy demand. A strong focus has been traditionally placed on low winter indoor temperatures in dwellings due to their considerable health impacts. However, there is a trend towards high and stable indoor temperatures, which also have significant implications. This paper investigates the drivers of winter indoor temperatures by analysing the following three metrics of measured temperatures in a sample of 1039 Swedish dwellings: a) level, through the sample dwellings’ standardised indoor temperatures at 5 °C outdoor temperature, b) daily variation, through the standard deviation of the indoor temperature and c) shape, using daily indoor temperature profiles derived from cluster analysis. The study explores the association of these metrics to building-, dwelling- and occupant-related parameters. The analysis shows that 80% of the standardised indoor temperatures were above 21 °C, with one third of the latter being above 23 °C, while 82% of dwellings had constant temperatures throughout the day. High winter indoor temperatures were more evident in middle-placed apartments in multi-family buildings connected to district heating and in better insulated single-family houses. High temperatures were also associated with experiencing draft from windows, too warm conditions in winter and difficulty to control the indoor temperature, but not with the overall thermal comfort assessment which was very positive in both the high and low temperature tails. Long-term adaptation effects, established norms and comfort expectations are discussed as important confounding factors in the development of residential indoor temperatures.

Kiester Comfort: Chair Preferences as Observed in a Rheumatology Practice

Objective: This study was performed to determine why patients preferred either a standard height or a modified taller chair, when asked to sit and stand. Design: One hundred consecutive patients presenting to a rheumatology practice were asked to sit and subsequently arise from chairs of standard 18-inch and 22-inch seat heights. Chair preference and rationale were assessed against demographic, anthropometric and rheumatology diagnostic variations (osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis, soft tissue disorders and inflammation, etc.). Results: Both groups (shorter and taller) preferred the conventional height chair, but preference was more prevalent in individuals with shorter limbs. Osteoporosis was the only statistically significant sign/disease factor associated with chair height choice. Among the 61 who preferred the shorter conventional chair, 13 did so because it was easier from which to arise, 17 reported that it was simply “more comfortable,” while 30 reported that they preferred that their feet touch the floor. Conclusion: Assessment of the rationale for patient chair height preference must consider both factors of comfort and ease of standing. Some aspects of chair design can address patient comfort, while others address reducing joint loads and range of motion. Personal preference for chair height should be factored into social interactions.

Thermophysics Analysis of Office Buildings with a Temperature\u2013Humidity Coupling Strategy Under Hot-Arid Climatic Conditions

This study investigates the determining parameters of thermal comfort of office in an arid hot-arid environment of Bechar, located in the northwestern region of Algeria, in which the vertical walls of the room and the roof are subjected to solar irradiations and the floor is considered to be adiabatic. The solar flux is calculated by the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) method. The predicted results are validated against the experimental results of the meteorological station of the ENERGARID research laboratory at the University of Bechar (Algeria). The characteristics of the ambient air flow are performed by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (Fluent). The flow fields, thermal fields, and humidity are investigated. An elaborated computer program (with Delphi language) is utilized to evaluate the temperature–humidity coupling as the most essential factors of the thermal comfort. A significant impact of dynamic temperatures and humidity on thermal comfort has been observed, especially in this hot-arid environment. Besides, a considerable effect of the flow velocity has been remarked. From the obtained results and to provide the best thermal comfort in such arid regions, the range of air velocity inside the building is recommended to be between 0.2 m·s−1 and 0.3 m·s−1.

Optimization of Architectural Form for Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Gymnasium at Hot and Humid Climate by Orthogonal Experiment

As the gymnasiums in subtropical region with hot and humid climate are naturally ventilated during non-competition periods, occupants exercising indoors often feel uncomfortable, especially in summer. In order to provide thermally comfortable and healthy environment for the occupants, the design on architectural form is found to be an effective solution on improving indoor thermal comfort of naturally ventilated gymnasiums. Therefore, a new perspective regarding optimization of naturally ventilated gymnasiums is proposed in the aspect of the architectural form. This paper presents the optimization of architectural form in naturally ventilated gymnasiums in which simulation and orthogonal experiment methods are combined. Through numerical simulation with FlowDesigner software, the significance of architectural form affecting indoor thermal comfort has been given, and the optimal architectural forms of naturally ventilated gymnasium are determined. The results show that the roof insulation type is the most significant factor influencing indoor thermal comfort; thus, it should be considered primarily in optimization. Moreover, the range analysis and variance analysis reveal the rankings of the factors for the gymnasium thermal comfort. In addition, it is demonstrated that the optimal gymnasium model, when compared with the initial gymnasium model, has a satisfactory effect on improving the indoor thermal comfort, as the average value of Predicted Thermal Sensation (PTS) in August decreased from 1.11 (Slightly hot) to 0.86 (Comfortable). This study provides a new insight for the designers in optimizing the architectural form of gymnasiums for achieving the indoor thermal comfort at hot and humid climate.

Multiple time‐scale economic dispatching strategy for commercial building with virtual energy storage under demand response mechanism

In recent years, commercial building technology integrating renewable energy power generation has developed rapidly. However, the stochastic, intermittent renewable energy power generation and the error of load forecasting of a commercial building (CB) are easy to cause frequent fluctuation of tie-line power, which brings challenges to the economic and safe operation of CB. In order to reduce the impact of renewable energy and load uncertainty on CB, and improve the power stabilization ability of CB, this paper proposes a multiple time-scale (MTS) economic dispatch strategy for CB with building virtual energy storage system (VESS) and vehicle to building (V2B) under demand response mechanism. Firstly, taking CB as terminal load carriers, a new heat balance model based on the R-C network is proposed, and the charging and discharging process of building VESS is analyzed. Secondly, by analyzing the travel trip law and charging and discharging behavior of EVs, an interactive control strategy between EVs and CB is proposed, that is, the control strategy of V2B. Then, Day-ahead optimal economic dispatch mode with 1 hour as the time interval is established with the objective of minimizing the daily operation cost and considering the user temperature comfort factor of CB. Based on the Day-ahead dispatching plan, the coordinated scheduling of VESS and V2B on the long time scale (15 minutes) and short time scale (1 minute) is used to establish a MTS rolling optimization model in Intra-hour adjustment stage. This model is used to modify the Day-ahead plan and stabilize the tie-line power fluctuation. Finally, an example shows that the proposed Day-ahead dispatching model can reduce the daily operating cost, and the Intra-hour adjustment model can stabilize the tie-line power fluctuation on MTS.

Analysis of the wool thickness and medullation characteristics based on sex and color in a herd of alpacas in Poland.

The objective of this study was to analyze the thickness and medullation characteristics of the wool of a herd of Huacaya alpacas kept in Poland. Wool samples were collected from 36 adult alpacas, including 22 females and 14 males. Light (15 animals) and dark (21 animals) color varieties of wool were considered in this research. A projection microscope was used to measure the fiber diameter and assess the medullation. Each fiber was categorized according to the medulla as a non-medullated, discontinuous medullated or continuous medullated fiber. The mean fiber diameter (MFD), standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), comfort factor (CF) and prickling factor (PF) were determined for each sample. The MFD, SD and CV were also determined for the abovementioned fiber categories. The mean fiber diameter of all alpacas tested was 25.31 . The CF and PF were 77.79 % and 22.21 %, respectively. The medullation percentage in the wool of the study alpacas was 68.91 %. The mean fiber diameter was larger in males () than in females. There were no differences between males and females in terms of the proportion of fibers with a diameter 30 (CF) and 30 (PF). The non-medullated fibers in the wool of females were thinner () than in the wool of males. The wool of males also had a larger degree of medullation. Light wool was thinner () than dark wool. The discontinuous and the continuous medullated fibers were thicker () in dark wool than in light wool. In dark wool, the share of discontinuous fibers was higher () and the share of the non-medullated fibers was lower () than in light wool. The presence of various types of medulla or the absence of medulla was noted in fibers with smaller and larger diameters, regardless of the sex of the animals or the color of the wool.

Addressing Visual Comfort Issues in Healthcare Facilities Using LED Lighting Technology - A Review on Daylighting Importance, Impact of Correlated Colour Temperature, Human Responses and Other Visual Comfort Parameters

In the field of lighting technology, the choice of lighting has shifted from conventional incandescent and fluorescent to LED (Light Emitting Dode) lighting. Many businesses have yet to take full advantage of LED lighting technologies to address visual comfort problems for occupants. The current focus of installations and retrofitting jobs is only on dollar returns and energy-saving measures. By defining a range of vulnerabilities and discrepancies, this paper reviews the typical criteria affecting occupant visual comfort and shifts gear into those that are fundamental to healthcare setup. Issues such as the importance of daylight introduction into hospital wards and the benefits of choosing correct correlated colour temperature are discussed, among others discomforts. LED lighting technology has advanced immensely by offering flexibility to build a lighting system that meets the environmental requirements of the end-user. Lighting technology and approach are shifting to a new paradigm by focusing not only on vision but also human psychophysical wellbeing in interior spaces. A balance must exist between energy efficiency and visual comfort factors.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN LOCAL WET MARKET: CASE STUDY IN SMALL ISLANDS REGION

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on all aspects of communal life, including consumer purchasing habits. The issues confronting tiny island locations in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic are more complex due to the lack of other means of satisfying daily necessities, in comparison to areas in larger cities that rely on internet shopping and/or delivery services for acquiring basics. The goal of this study is to examine the purchasing habits of coastal residents in two Kei Islands markets. Additionally, this study will look at the elements that influence purchasing behavior during a pandemic. The data gathering approach for this study is a purposive sample with a total of 206 respondents. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the data in this study. The study's findings indicate that both the intention to attend and the number of visits to the market have reduced in comparison to pre-pandemic levels. Additionally, the comfort factor, the fulfillment of wants, and health procedures all have a significant impact on how this community behaves. Thus, the primary policy relevance of these findings is the government's involvement in ensuring the comfort and safety of coastal people when they engage in purchasing activities in these two markets, one of which is the enforcement of health protocol.

Pre- and post-partum variation in wool cortisol and wool micron in Australian Merino ewe sheep (Ovis aries).

An individual merino sheep’s output of wool production is influenced by synergistic interactions of sheep genetics, climate, farm management, and nutrition available to the whole flock. The price paid to the producer for this wool commodity is determined via numerous tested parameters and /or subjective appraisal of the raw greasy wool. This research investigated the level of variation in wool cortisol (a physiological stress biomarker) and wool micron (MIC) in Merino ewes (Ovis aries), pre-partum and post-lambing (lactation/lambs at foot), using maiden ewe (n = 38) managed in an outdoor paddock in a commercial farm. The key findings of this study are; (1) wool quality indicators showed a significant variation between pre- and post- parturition including significant reduction in MIC and (2) there was a negative correlation between wool cortisol levels and wool micron pre-parturition (rs = − 0.179, p < 0.05). This relationship between wool cortisol and wool micron was positive (rs = + 0.29, p < 0.05) during post-parturition suggesting that ewes with lambs at foot ended up with finer wool (reduction in fibre diameter) but they also maintained high levels of wool cortisol. Furthermore, the comfort factor, curvature, standard deviation and spin fineness of the wool were also significantly reduced post-parturition. The results of this study show that metabolic resources partitioning in ewe associated with pregnancy and lambing can result in a reduction in wool quality indices. The activity of the HPA-axis is attenuated during late gestation and parturition as a maternal adaptation; however, the results of our study show that wool cortisol remained similar between pre- and post- lambing. This result indicates that environmental stressors that may have been operating on farm (e.g., cold winter period) could influence on maternal physiological stress response however the exact level of influence of environment conditions on ewe stress levels and productivity traits (e.g., lambing success and wool quality) warrants further investigation. In conclusion, the use of top-knot wool sampling in combination with wool cortisol analysis provides researchers with a convenient method to quantify wool quality and physiological stress simultaneously under commercial sheep production.