Combination Of Methods Research Articles

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО МЕТОДА ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИКОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

This paper describes a combined material processing method using the principles of an electrochemical electroerosion treatment method. Mathematical calculations of processing modes are given, as well as graphs of the efficiency and accuracy of processing, depending on the materials used as a working medium.

An integrated approach to the treatment of a patient with chronic tonsillitis. Clinical case

Chronic tonsillitis (CT) is a common infectious-allergic disease leading to severe general somatic complications, including rheumatic damage of joints and heart, kidney disease. Currently in Russia there is an increase in the number of patients with CT. Therapy for CT in outpatient practice is often limited to only washing the lacunae of the palatine tonsils, without the use of local drugs. We observed a 35-year-old patient with a diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis and a history of the disease of more than 1.5 years. A combined method of therapy was chosen, including treatment with the Tonsillor apparatus using low-frequency ultrasound therapy and local use of Viroxinol for irrigation of the tonsils and mucous membrane. As a result of the complex treatment, pronounced positive dynamics and a decrease in the clinical symptoms of CT were achieved.

Real-Time Imaging of Calcium Dynamics in Human Sperm After Precise Single-Cell Stimulation.

Calcium signaling is a critical regulator of sperm activation and function during the processes of capacitation and fertilization. Here, we describe a combined method for calcium imaging of single, live human sperm in response to stimuli administered with a precisely targeted delivery technique. This protocol is an adaptation of techniques developed for studies of murine sperm [1, 2], and enables real-time monitoring of human sperm calcium dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution and concurrent detection of acrosome exocytosis (AE), a functional endpoint of sperm capacitation and requirement for physiological fertilization.The described imaging technique provides a valuable tool for exploration of calcium regulation in human sperm, which is essential to answer important questions and knowledge gaps regarding the link between calcium dynamics, AE, and fertilization. The versatility of this technique can be amplified through use of various indicator dyes or integration with pharmacological strategies such as pre-treating sperm with inhibitors or activators targeting specific receptors, channels, or intracellular signaling pathways of interest. Beyond fundamental inquiries into sperm physiology, this method can also be applied to assess the impact of potential contraceptive compounds on calcium signaling, AE, and membrane integrity.

Study on the Consolidation Characteristics of Slurry-like Mud Treated by Flocculation-Solidification-High-Pressure Filtration Combined Method.

The disposal and reutilization of the enormous amounts of slurry-like mud (MS) dredged from navigation channel construction, ecological dredging, and other construction activities have been receiving increasing attention. In this paper, a flocculation-solidification-high-pressure filtration combined method (FSHCM) is used to treat MS, and the consolidation characteristics of The SHCM-treated MS are studied by conducting a series of one-dimensional consolidation compression tests. Various parameters, including the dosage of the curing agent, initial water content, and dry weight of the MS, are systematically analyzed to evaluate their influence on the consolidation behavior. The experimental results demonstrate that higher curing agent and initial water contents enhance the structural yield stress and compressive resistance, while increased dry weight decreases the structural yield stress but increases the compressive strain and void ratio. As the curing age increases, the ability of the FSHCM-treated MS to resist compressive deformation is further enhanced. In addition, the compressibility of the mud cake samples changes significantly at the yield point. This study has practical guiding significance for the optimal design and long-term application of FSHCM-treated MS.

Preparation of artificial humic acid from corn straw and its high-efficiency adsorption on norfloxacin

In this study, the biomass artificial humic acid (AHA) with efficient adsorption performance for norfloxacin (NOR) was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted acid-alkaline combined hydrothermal method with corn straw as raw material. Characterization analysis showed that AHA was a typical amorphous structure, and the oxygen content of AHA prepared by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method was obviously improved compared with that without ultrasonic-assisted method. The saturated adsorption capacity of AHA was 551.53 mg/g, which was higher than that of other reported materials, such high-efficiency adsorption is due to the abundant oxygen-containing groups (–OH, –C=O, etc.) in AHA, which were functional groups that can be π-π stacked, hydrogen bonded and electrostatically bonded with NOR. It had good selective adsorption for NOR, with less interference from acidity of environmental water, coexisting inorganic ions and common antibiotics. When it was applied to adsorb NOR with concentration of 10.0 mg/L in simulated water prepared by environmental water, the highest removal rate was 91%, which indicated that AHA could not only remove all the NOR in the polluted water with complex components at the highest concentration of 630 μg/L, but also its adsorption capacity far exceeded the pollution amount. The research had important practical significance in realizing the recycling of agricultural wastes and the removal of environmental pollution.

Fusion of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy Data Uncovers Physiological Changes Associated with Lung Cancer.

Due to the high mortality rate, more effective non-invasive diagnostic methods are still needed for lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In this study, the integration of Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with advanced data-fusion techniques is investigated to improve the detection of lung cancer from human blood plasma samples. A high statistical significance was found for important protein-related oscillations, which are crucial for differentiating between lung cancer patients and healthy controls. The use of low-level data fusion and feature selection significantly improved model accuracy and emphasizes the importance of structural protein changes in cancer detection. Although other biomolecules such as carbohydrates and nucleic acids also contributed, proteins proved to be the decisive markers found using this technique. This research highlights the power of these combined spectroscopic methods to develop a non-invasive diagnostic tool for discriminating lung cancer from healthy state, with the potential to extend such studies to a variety of other diseases.

Dielectric spectroscopy technology combined with machine learning methods for nondestructive detection of protein content in fresh milk.

To quickly achieve nondestructive detection of protein content in fresh milk, this study utilized a network analyzer and an open coaxial probe to analyze the dielectric spectra of milk samples at 100 frequency points within the 2-20GHz range, focusing on the dielectric constant ε' and the dielectric loss factor ε''. Feature variables were extracted from the full dielectric spectra using the successive projections algorithm (SPA), uninformative variables elimination (UVE), and the combined UVE-SPA method. These variables were then used to develop partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and least squares boosting (LSBOOST) models for predicting protein content. The results showed that ε' decreased monotonically with increasing frequency, while ε'' increased monotonically. The UVE-SPA method for feature extraction demonstrated superior performance, with the UVE-SPA-PLSR model being the best for predicting milk protein content, achieving the highest RC 2=0.998 and RP 2=0.989 and the lowest RMSEC=0.019% and RMSEP=0.032%. This study provides a theoretical reference for evaluating milk quality and developing intelligent detection equipment for natural milk.

Enhanced Remediation of Phenanthrene and Naphthalene by Corn-Bacterial Consortium in Contaminated Soil.

The persistent and hazardous nature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released into the soil has become a critical global concern, contributing to environmental pollution. In this study, the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and naphthalene degradation by complex flora or pure bacteria combined with corn and their effects on the growth of corn, pH, and the number of soil bacteria were investigated using a pot experiment. The results indicate that the corn remediation method (P) outperformed degrading bacteria remediation (B) for phenanthrene, yet the combination (PB) exhibited significantly higher removal efficiency. The degradation efficiency of PB methods increased over time, ranging from 58.40% to 75.13% after 30 days. Naphthalene removal showed a similar trend. Soil pH, influenced by remediation methods, experienced slight but non-significant increases. The number of degrading bacteria increased with combined methods, notably with PB-W1 and PB-W2 treatments. Corn accumulated phenanthrene and naphthalene, with higher concentrations in roots. Remediation by the combined corn and degrading bacteria slightly increased PAH accumulation, indicating potential root protection. Biomass yield analysis revealed the inhibitory effects of PAHs on corn growth, decreased by degrading bacteria. PB-W1 and PB-EF3 demonstrated the highest fresh weight and moisture content for stem and leaf biomass, while PB-F2-6 excelled in root biomass. Overall, combined remediation methods proved more effective, which underscores the potential of the corn and degrading bacteria consortium for efficient PAH remediation in contaminated soil.

Ultrasound strain elastography to improve diagnostic performance of breast lesions by reclassifying BI-RADS 3 and 4a lesions: a multicenter diagnostic study.

To investigate the added value of strain elastography (SE) by recategorizing ultrasound (US) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3 and 4a lesions. A total of 4371 patients underwent US and SE with BI-RADS 2-5 categories solid breast lesions were included from thirty-two hospitals. We evaluated the elastographic images according to elasticity scores (ES) and strain ratios (SR). Three combined methods (BI-RADS+ES, BI-RADS+SR, BI-RADS+ES+SR) and two reclassified methods were used (method one: upgrading BI-RADS 3 and downgrading BI-RADS 4a, method two: downgrading BI-RADS 4a alone). The diagnostic performance and the potential reduction of unnecessary biopsies were evaluated. Combining BI-RADS with SE had a higher area under the curve (AUC) than BI-RADS alone (0.822-0.898 vs. 0.794, P<0.01). For reclassified method one, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 99.36%, 66.70%, 78.36% for BI-RADS+ES and 98.01%, 66.45%, 77.72% for BI-RADS+SR, and 99.42%, 66.70%, 78.38% for BI-RADS+ES+SR, respectively. For reclassified method two, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 99.17%, 70.72%, 80.87% for BI-RADS+ES and 97.76%, 81.75%, 87.46% for BI-RADS+SR, and 99.23%, 69.83%, 80.32% for BI-RADS+ES+SR, respectively. Downgrading BI-RADS 4a alone had higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy (P<0.01) and similar sensitivity (P>0.05) to upgrading BI-RADS 3 and downgrading BI-RADS 4a. Combining SE with BI-RADS could help reduce unnecessary biopsies by 17.64%-55.20%. Combining BI-RADS with SE improved the diagnostic performance in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions and could decrease false-positive breast biopsy rates. Downgrading BI-RADS 4a lesions alone might be sufficient for achieving good diagnostic performance. Downgrading BI-RADS category 4a lesions alone had higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy, and similar sensitivity to upgrading or downgrading BI-RADS category 3 and 4a lesions.

Construction of an effective telephone bandwidth specifically for speaker recognition &amp;nbsp;

Although the telephone bandwidth is 0-4 kHz, the speaker specific information is not evenly distributed within this range but extends beyond 4 kHz. This is because the hypopharynx, especially the piriform fossa, affects the higher frequency region and contributes more to inter-speaker variation. By effectively shifting the higher bands to a lower frequency region, where speaker specific information is reduced, an effective 4 kHz bandwidth can be constructed to enhance speaker recognition performance. To achieve this a method was already proposed, which is extended in this paper to experimentally demonstrate and validate with more experiments. Furthermore, this paper defines the theoretically possible frequency space for which the frequency shifting method can be applied. To validate the method for different combinations of bands, possible bands were shifted in various directions in small steps. Speaker recognition experiments were conducted at each step to compare the performance against the baseband without any frequency shifting. Using the results of these extensive experiments, an approximate frequency space was defined where this frequency shifting performed better than the conventional baseband of 0-4 kHz signal. A simplified frequency shifting method was also investigated. Finally, the speech intelligibility of the frequency shifted narrow band speech signal was analysed using objective speech quality measures. This showed that intelligibility was not significantly affected by the frequency shifting method.

Combining Ultrasonography and Endometrial Aspiration as a One-Stop Screening for Endometrial Neoplasia.

To assess the performance of simultaneous endometrial aspiration and sonohysterography to screen for endometrial cancer or hyperplasia in women aged 50 years or older. We conducted a prospective study from February 2014 to October 2020 at the ultrasound unit of a large urban academic medical center. The study included 1,635 women aged 50 years or older referred for endometrial evaluation, with follow-up through January 2021. Participants underwent saline infusion sonohysterography combined with ultrasound-guided endometrial aspiration. The primary outcome measured was a diagnosis of endometrial cancer or hyperplasia within 1 year from screening. The diagnostic accuracy of the combined evaluation method, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), was assessed. Of 1,170 women who completed the study protocol, 82 (7.0%) had endometrial cancer and 42 (3.6%) had endometrial hyperplasia. Of all patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period, 85.5% were diagnosed within 1 year after evaluation. The application of simultaneous endometrial aspiration and sonohysterography together demonstrated a sensitivity of 99.1%, specificity of 24.9%, PPV of 11.8%, and NPV of 99.6%. Using a theoretical sequential approach, assuming an endometrial aspiration is performed only in patients determined to be high risk by sonohysterography, demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.4%, specificity of 99.9%, PPV of 99.0%, and NPV of 99.3%. Simultaneous endometrial aspiration and sonohysterography is an effective one-stop outpatient screening tool for detecting endometrial cancer and hyperplasia in women aged 50 years or older. With the integration of two screening modalities into a single procedure, simultaneous endometrial aspiration and sonohysterography may overcome the limitations inherent in each of the currently recommended methods individually, potentially improving patient prognosis and streamlining the diagnostic process.

Four years of landslide observation with anthropogenic loading as an additional trigger - Analysis of seasonal and annual variability of physical parameters

Determining the structure and evolution of landslides is crucial for geophysical hazard assessment. In this study, we employed an approach integrating the methodologies of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical conductivity to image temporal and spatial changes within a landslide in southern Poland. The area, located in the Outer Carpathians, experiences significant climate fluctuations, compounded by anthropogenic activities such as recreational skiing requiring artificial snow.Our combined seismic and electrical methods techniques reveal the landslide's susceptibility to environmental factors on both annual and seasonal scales. Additional analysis, including data clustering and remote sensing, identifies three distinct landslide zones with varying vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic influences.While focusing on a specific area, our approach has global applicability to similar mass movements. This research addresses a gap in understanding time-dependent geophysical observations of moisture-driven landslides, providing valuable insights for hazard identification and mitigation strategies.

Research on scenario extrapolation and emergency decision-making for fire and explosion accidents at university laboratories based on BN-CBR

To solve the problems of suddenness, uncertainty and untimely emergency decision-making related to fire and explosion accidents in university laboratories, a combined method of BN and CBR is introduced to analyze laboratory accidents. By summarizing the characteristics of 72 accident cases worldwide, four scenario elements with key roles are extracted by combining the public safety triangle theoretical model; a BN is established from the macro perspective, which is based on the construction of dynamic scenarios; the evolution path is analyzed via BN theory; and the probability of occurrence of accidents is quantified from the microscopic perspective, with a focus on the analysis of the accidental evolution process. A case similarity calculation is carried out via CBR, and the construction of a BN-CBR-assisted decision-making model is completed, verified and corrected in an case study. The results show that the BN-CBR model can quickly determine the accident evolution path and the most similar historical cases, and its quantitative probability calculation enables one to comprehensively grasp the real-time state of the whole accident and the emergency response in a timely manner, which provides a new way to approach emergency decision-making of accidents.

INVESTIGATION OF CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE COMBINED ROASTING EFFECT ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SUNFLOWER SEED

In this study, conventional, microwave, and also a combination of these two methods were applied to compare the quality properties of sunflower seeds. Alternative to conventional roasting at 160°C, microwave roasting at two different powers (300W and 600W) and also microwave with conventional roasting treatment (300 W+160°C, 600 W+160°C) were applied to raw sunflower seeds during 5 and 10 min. for each group. The moisture content of roasted seeds was found to be lower than 6%. The results show that the highest protein and fat content were found in the group of combined methods as 21.09±6.64 and 40.55±0.345% respectively. Additionally, the color values were found to be higher, and hardness and sensory characteristics were protected better after roasting compared to the control (unroasted) group. Roasting of microwave at 600W power for 5 min at 160°C was found to be advantageous for the roasting process of sunflower seed via these properties.

Mechanical and shape-memory properties of TPMS with hybrid configurations and materials

ABSTRACT Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures with excellent properties of stable energy absorption, light weight, and high specific strength could potentially spark immense interest for novel and programmable functions by combining smart materials, e.g. shape memory polymers (SMPs). This work proposes TPMS lattices with hybrid configurations and materials that are composed of viscoelastic and shape-memory materials with the aim to bring temperature-dependent mechanical properties and additional dissipation mechanisms. Different configurations and diverse materials of polylactic acid (PLA), fiber-reinforced PLA, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are induced, generating five types of TPMS lattices, including (Schoen’s I-WP) IWP uniform lattice, IWP lattice with density gradient, hybrid configurations, hybrid materials, and filled PDMS, which are fabricated by 3D printing. The fracture morphologies and the distribution of carbon fibers are demonstrated via scanning electron microscopy with a focus on the influence of carbon fiber on shape-memory and mechanical properties. Shape recovery tests are conducted, which proves good shape memory properties and reusable capability of TPMS lattice. The combined methods of experiments and numerical simulation are adopted to evaluate mechanical properties, which presents multi-stage energy absorption ability and tunable vibration isolation performances associated with temperature and hybridization designs. This work can promote extensive research and provide substantial opportunities for TPMS lattices in the development of functional applications.

Integrating aromatic plants into indoor biophilic environments: Species selection based on psychophysiological effects and bioactive volatile compounds

To explore aromatic plants suitable for indoor biophilic environments and their impact on long-term indoor residents' psychophysiological health, a combined method using subjective ratings, objective electrophysiological signals, and aroma characteristics was employed. The study assessed 12 indoor plants' aromas and analyzed aroma components and their potential to intervene in psychophysiological health. Results showed that different plants had varying effects on psychophysiological health, some (e.g., Vicks Plant, rosemary) showed positive impacts across most measures, while others (e.g., basil, catnip) showed negative impacts. The aroma of false incense showed significant gender differences in its effects. Smelling Vicks Plants for 5 min significantly reduced heart rate (HR), increased heart rate variability (HRV), and enhanced vigor, positively correlated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and terpenes like linalool and limonene. Higher VOCs emission was associated with lower HR and reduced anger. Cluster analysis grouped Vicks Plant and rosemary based on aroma composition and effects on psychophysiological responses, providing a basis and framework for subsequent exploration of aromatic plants with psychophysiological regulation capabilities in indoor biophilic environments.

Dynamic Docking Anti‐Disturbance Control of Overactuated AUV: System, Method, and Lake Trails

ABSTRACTDynamic docking control technology is crucial for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) to perform tasks underwater. To enhance the docking success rate of AUVs during dynamic docking, this paper presents a robust anti‐disturbance control algorithm specifically designed for overactuated AUV dynamic docking scenarios. During a dynamic docking mission, the AUV's depth control is adversely affected by the complex flow field generated by the underwater recovery device. To address this issue, this research proposes an AUV control scheme that combines an extended state observer (ESO) with a combined disturbance rejection method of the elevator‐vertical tunnel controller. First, an ESO is constructed to estimate and compensate for complicated disturbances such as model uncertainty and environmental disturbances. These estimations are then incorporated into the control law to mitigate the effects of the complicated flow field interference experienced during the AUV's dynamic docking process. Second, as turbulence intensifies at the end of the docking stage, the vertical thrust allocation is achieved using a hyperbolic tangent transition function. This ensures the stability of the AUV's attitude and depth, thereby enabling precise docking. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is verified through lake trials and compared against the classic proportional‐integral‐differential (PID) and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) methods. The trial results indicate that the proposed control algorithm significantly reduces the pitch and depth errors of the AUV, resulting in a remarkable 91% success rate for dynamic docking (based on 45 tests). The lake trials demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm is highly precise and robust.

Optimizing thermal performance in internal passage cooling with extended rib: Applying response surface method with artificial neural networks

Efficient cooling technology is crucial for high-temperature gas turbines which are significant applications in thermal processes particularly in industries such as power generation aerospace and marine propulsion. Enhancing cooling efficiency in these systems not only improves energy utilization but also plays a critical role in reducing fuel consumption increasing operational reliability and minimizing environmental impacts. This research focuses on optimizing the thermal performance of internal passage cooling channels with extended ribs using a combination of the response surface method and artificial neural networks. By varying the extended rib length and rib width the study aims to enhance heat transfer and minimize flow loss leading to improvements in overall system efficiency. Latin Hypercube Sampling is employed to strategically select variables and automated numerical simulations are conducted to perform a thorough parametric analysis. A steady-state k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model is applied in the simulations and the numerical results are validated against experimental data ensuring accuracy. The combined response surface method–artificial neural network approach integrated with TensorFlow-based modeling allows for the prediction of heat transfer and friction factor ultimately generating a comprehensive response surface to identify the optimal design point. Applying the optimized design leads to a 23.99 % improvement in the thermal performance factor compared to the reference case. The findings of this study highlight a significant enhancement in the thermal performance of the cooling channel structure particularly in high heat flux environments. This research provides valuable insights into the design of more efficient thermal management systems for gas turbines and has broader implications for other high-temperature thermal processes. The proposed optimization methodology offers a reliable approach for improving cooling technologies contributing to the development of the next generation of energy-efficient high-performance gas turbines and other industrial applications where effective thermal management is essential.

GTDI: a game-theory-based integrated drought index implying hazard-causing and hazard-bearing impact change

Abstract. Developing an effective and reliable integrated drought index is crucial for tracking and identifying droughts. The study employs game theory to create a spatially variable weight drought index (game-theory-based drought index, GTDI) by combining two single-type indices: an agricultural drought index (standardized soil moisture index, SSMI), which implies drought hazard-bearing conditions, and a meteorological drought index (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI), which implies drought hazard-causing conditions. In addition, the entropy-theory-based drought index (ETDI) is introduced to incorporate a spatial comparison with GTDI to illustrate the rationality of gaming weight integration, as both entropy theory and game theory belong to linear combination methods in the development of the integrated drought index and entropy theory has been applied in related research. Leaf area index (LAI) data are employed to confirm the reliability of GTDI in identifying drought by comparing it with SPEI, SSMI, and ETDI. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted on the temporal trajectories and spatial evolution of the GTDI-identified drought to discuss GTDI's level of advancement in monitoring changes in hazard-causing and hazard-bearing impacts. The results show that GTDI has a very high correlation with single-type drought indices (SPEI and SSMI), and its gaming weight integration is more logical and trustworthy than that of ETDI. As a result, it outperforms ETDI, SPEI, and SSMI in recognizing drought spatiotemporally and is projected to replace single-type drought indices to provide a more accurate picture of actual drought. Additionally, GTDI exhibits the gaming feature, indicating a distinct benefit in monitoring changes in hazard-causing and hazard-bearing impacts. The case studies show that drought events in the Wei River basin are dominated by a lack of precipitation. The hazard-causing index, SPEI, dominates the early stages of a drought event, whereas the hazard-bearing index, SSMI, dominates the later stages. This study surely serves as a helpful reference for the development of integrated drought indices as well as regional drought prevention and monitoring.

Effect of puffing on electrochemical properties of sorghum seed based porous carbon materials in supercapacitors

Biomass-based carbon materials are renewable, affordable and environmentally friendly, possessing great potential in electrochemical energy storage as electrode materials in supercapacitors due to their large specific surface area and self-doped heteroatoms. However, the electrochemical properties of these carbon materials may be influenced to some extent by pretreatment procedures of carbon precursors. For this research, a range of porous carbon materials based on unpuffed and puffed sorghum seeds were synthesized under various pre‑carbonization and activation temperatures. Among them, the puffed sorghum seed-based porous carbon (PH-R6A7), prepared through pre‑carbonization at 600 °C and KOH activation at 700 °C, exhibits a higher graphitization degree, increased N and O content, as well as a greater variety of nitrogen-containing groups and significant increasing graphite nitrogen compared to unpuffed sorghum seed-based porous carbon (PC-R6A7) fabricated under similar conditions. These improvements result in enhanced conductivity and wettability of electrode materials, thereby boosting their electrochemical properties. In a three-electrode setup employing a 6 M solution of KOH, PH-R6A7 demonstrates an exceptional specific capacitance of 523.84 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 compared with PC-R6A7 of 366.00 F g−1; even at a high current density of 20 A g−1 it maintains a high level of capacitance at 387.94 F g−1. When employed in a double-electrode configuration at the same current density (i.e., 1 A g−1), PH-R6A7 also achieves higher specific capacitance of 357.83 F g−1 than PC-R6A7 (286.89 F g−1), accompanied by an increased energy density of 12.35 Wh kg−1 and 8.85 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 249.97 W kg−1 and 4.98 kW kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, after undergoing 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1, PH-R6A7 demonstrates a superior capacitance retention of 99.68 % and coulomb efficiency of 99.91 %. PH-R6A7 fabricated through the combination method of puffing pretreatment and carbonization activation merits acknowledgment as an electrode material of superior performance and notable practical importance.