Combined Cycle Thermal Power Plant Research Articles

Повышение эффективности использования твердого топлива на промышленных ТЭЦ

Currently, in this country solid fuel at industrial thermal power plants, as a rule, is burned by a layer or flaring method in boilers with generation of steam which is directed to a steam turbine. This technology of generating thermal and electrical energy is characterized by relatively low efficiency and significant emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. At the same time, the use of solid fuel in industrial energy with its preliminary gasification can significantly increase the efficiency of electricity generation and at the same time reduce the negative impact on the environment. The results of an analytical comparison of two schemes to use solid fuel in industrial energy are used as the material of the research. These two schemes are a traditional scheme and an alternative one based on its preliminary gasification. In this paper, to assess the effectiveness of the schemes under consideration, the scientific methodology of system analysis is applied. It allows us to consider any energy object as a unified system consisting of interrelated elements. The system analysis is carried out based on mathematical modeling of the technological process to obtain thermal and electrical energy. A complex balance mathematical model of an industrial thermal power plant with preliminary coal gasification is developed. The results of calculation using a mathematical model have shown that the construction of industrial combined‒cycle thermal power plants with preliminary coal gasification instead of traditional steam turbine ones will increase the key indicator of the energy efficiency of thermal power plants, coefficient of fuel utilization from 60 to 74 %. Based on the methodology of system analysis, an optimal thermal scheme of an industrial combined-cycle thermal power plant with preliminary coal gasification has been developed. Numerical values of the basic operating conditions of the thermal power plants and energy efficiency indicators have been determined using a mathematical model. The use of solid fuel at industrial thermal power plants with its preliminary gasification is a very promising direction to develop industrial energy in Russia since this method to extract the bound chemical energy of solid fuel can significantly increase the fuel utilization coefficient and the production of electrical energy and at the same time reduce emissions of contamination material into the atmosphere

Forecasting the energy output from a combined cycle thermal power plant using deep learning models

The energy output from a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) varying with the operating thermal parameters like ambient pressure, vacuum, relative humidity, and relative temperature is modelling using different approaches. The huge data obtained from the experimental readings is found to be highly non-linear using the data visualization technique. The energy output from the CCPP reduces linearly with the temperature and non-linearly with pressure. A mathematical model is developed for the predictions of the energy output. Modelling using sequential API and functional API based artificial neural network (SANN and FANN) having single hidden layer is carried out. Finally, energy output modelling using sequential API and functional API based deep ANN (SDNN and FDNN) is also performed. The residuals of the predicted and experimental observations indicate that the error is acceptable and it lies uniformly above and below the regression line. The R-squared value of the mathematical model is 0.93 and 0.94 during training and testing. The obtained R-squared value of the ANN and DNN using sequential and functional API is 0.94. The training and testing of all the models are successful and these models have shown a great compatibility in predicting the energy output of a CCPP. The ANN model with single layer and deep layer has no difference in accuracy hence the former one is recommended as it is computationally less expensive.

Thermoeconomic and environmental analysis and optimization of the supercritical [formula omitted] cycle integration in a simple cycle power plant

In the present work, a thermoeconomic and thermo-environmental analysis is carried out in Santa Rosa simple cycle thermal power plant (air Brayton cycle), located in Peru. Subsequently, the same analysis is applied to a proposed integrated thermal power plant, formed by the integration of a supercritical CO2 partial heating Brayton cycle in the mentioned simple cycle thermal power plant. Also, an exhaustive parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of some decision variables on the thermoeconomic performance of the proposed system. Finally, the integrated thermal power plant is optimized from the thermoeconomic and environmental point of view, the objective function considered is the total cost, which is the sum of the capital investment cost, exergy destruction cost and environmental cost. The results show that the total product unit cost (electricity) is reduced by 10.37% respect to the initial condition. In addition, the specific investment cost and net efficiency are lower by 25.25% and 0.45% respectively, compared to a conventional combined cycle thermal power plant.

Experimental results of transient testing at the amine plant at Technology Centre Mongstad: Open-loop responses and performance of decentralized control structures for load changes

Flexible operation of combined cycle thermal power plants with chemical absorption post combustion CO2 capture is a key aspect for the development of the technology. Several studies have assessed the performance of decentralized control structures applied to the post combustion CO2 capture process via dynamic process simulation, however there is a lack of published data from demonstration or pilot plants. In this work, experiments on transient testing were conducted at the amine plant at Technology Centre Mongstad, for flue gas from a combined cycle combined heat and power plant (3.7–4.1 CO2 vol%). The experiments include six tests on open-loop responses and eight tests on transient performance of decentralized control structures for fast power plant load change scenarios.The transient response of key process variables to changes in flue gas volumetric flow rate, solvent flow rate and reboiler duty were analyzed. In general the process stabilizes within 1 h for 20% step changes in process inputs, being the absorber column absorption rates the slowest process variable to stabilize to changes in reboiler duty and solvent flow rate. Tests on fast load changes (10%/min) in flue gas flow rate representing realistic load changes in an upstream power plant showed that decentralized control structures could be employed in order to bring the process to desired off-design steady-state operating conditions within (<60 min). However, oscillations and instabilities in absorption and desorption rates driven by interactions of the capture rate and stripper temperature feedback control loops can occur when the rich solvent flow rate is changed significantly and fast as a control action to reject the flue gas volumetric flow rate disturbance and keeping liquid to gas ratio or capture rate constant.

Multi-Scale, Multi-Physics Approach for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Reaction

Electrode processes in solid oxide fuel cells are intensively studied to increase the system efficiency to compete with that of the state-of-the-art LNG-fueled combined cycle thermal power plant. Because the electrode performance depends both on electrode materials and microstructure, we are obliged to breakdown the complexity of phenomena in the porous electrode into elementary processes by best utilizing both the advanced measurement and the simulation techniques. Closely examining the efforts in literature [1-7], we have taken the combined top-down and bottom-up approach. The most difficult issue has lied on the meso-scale modeling, which typically is based on microkinetic modeling [5-8]. To guarantee the predictivity of the modeling, it is inevitable to realize the simulation without arbitrary fitting parameters that are not necessarily based on realistic physics. For this purpose, we first exhaustively summarized literature data followed by the careful examinations. Next, we have made exhaustive simulations assuming different combinations of parameters in literature. Finally, we obtained a set of parameters that matches with experimental observations within reasonable differences. The details together with the results of top-down and bottom up simulations will be introduced together with future perspectives. Acknowledgements The activities of INAMORI Frontier Research Center is supported by Kyocera Co. Ltd. The activities of Advanced Automotive Research Collaborative Laboratory in Hiroshima University are supported by Mazda Corporation. The part of the research is supported by CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency.

A life cycle environmental impact assessment of natural gas combined cycle thermal power plant in Andhra Pradesh, India

The study presents the life cycle environmental impacts of natural gas combined cycle thermal power plant in India. The CML 2001 and Eco-Indicator 99 (H) methods have been used to assess the midpoint and endpoint impacts from ‘cradle to gate’. The primary data was collected by personal visits for environmental emissions, wastewater, fuel used, and technical specifications. The impacts category comprised of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, ecotoxicity, carcinogens, respiratory organics, respiratory inorganics and climate change. The study shows that upstream processes have more impacts except global warming potential if compared at mid-point stage. It is an interesting observation that ~81% of the total carcinogen impacts and ~88% of the respiratory-organics impacts in terms of disability adjusted life years are due to upstream process. This is due to the reason that during natural gas extraction, treatment and transmission, organic air emissions such as non-methane volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are released. Impacts on ecosystem quality are due to acidification & eutrophication together i.e. 2.27E-03 in terms of potentially disappeared fraction over a certain area and time frame (PDF×m2×yr) and 1.54E-03 as potentially affected fraction (PAF×m2×yr) due to ecotoxicity. This study shows that climate change potential contributes to 53% impacts on human health; whereas, human toxicity potential results into 47% impacts on human health. Acidification and eutrophication cause 60% impacts on species diversity, mainly for vascular plants and lower organisms; whereas, ecotoxicity results into 40% impacts on aquatic life.

Exergetic analysis and evaluation of coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant and natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant

The present work has been undertaken for energetic and exergetic analysis of coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant and natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant. Comparative analysis has been conducted for the two contestant technologies. The key drivers of ener- getic and exergetic efficiencies have been studied for each of the major sub-system of two contestant technologies. Overall energetic and exergetic efficiency of coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant are found to be 43.48 and 42.89 %, respectively. Overall energetic and exergetic efficiency of natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant are 54.47 and 53.93 %, respectively. The major energetic power loss has been found in the condenser for coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant. On the other hand, the major energetic power loss has been found in both the condenser and heat recovery steam generator for gas-fired combined cycle thermal power plant. The exergetic anal- ysis shows that boiler field is the main source of exergetic power loss in coal-fired supercritical thermal power plant and combustion chamber in the gas-fired combined cycle thermal power plant. It is concluded that natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant is better from energetic and exergetic efficiency point of view. These results will be useful to all involved in the improvement of the design of the existing and future power plants.

The comparative effectiveness of serving peak loads in the variants of providing nuclear power plants with a base load

The present paper reports the results of an investigation into the effectiveness of serving peak loads in the variants of providing nuclear power plants with a base load through unloading condensing power plants, combined heat and power (CHP) plants, combined-cycle thermal power plants during night-time off-peak hours, the use of the off-peak electric power for power and heat supply, and water electrolysis with the use of hydrogen and oxygen for production of the peak electric power, as compared with the variant of the development of pumped storage hydropower plants.

DEVELOPMENT OF VIBRATION CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM APPLYING OPTICAL SENSORS FOR GENERATOR WINDING INTEGRITY OF POWER UTILITIES

This paper describes the vibration condition monitoring diagnosis system developed for stator and rotor winding integrity assessment of 100MW class gas turbine generator in combined-cycle thermal power plant. High reliability of windings is one of the most essential prerequisite for generators of power utilities. Assessing the condition of stator winding insulation systems requires objective information from condition monitoring system. In-service monitoring is essential if a power plant is following a condition-based maintenance strategy. Generator damages are caused by the high vibration and the power system instability by secondary impacts of an unannounced plant stop and the life of the generator is decreased. The mechanical vibration in generator is induced by both mechanical and magnetic forces. The vibration condition monitoring system is required for the improved savings of operation and maintenance cost in terms of reliability in power plant.

Generating electricity during peak hours in Asuncion, Paraguay, through anaerobic digestion of cultivated water hyacinths

The objective of the present paper is to present an innovative and sustainable proposal for generating electricity in the metropolitan area of Asuncion, the capital of Paraguay, based on a renewable source of energy. Electricity would mainly be generated during peak hours with the aim of reducing power contracted by the Paraguayan Electricity Administration (ANDE) from existing hydroelectric power plants and thus reduce costs and stabilise transmission and distribution grids in the area of Asuncion. Electricity would be generated at a 130 MW combined cycle thermal power plant using biogas as fuel, this being obtained by anaerobic digestion of water hyacinths cultivated in pools, which would be built on the banks of the Paraguay river opposite Asuncion's botanical garden. The main advantage of using water hyacinths is their high growth rate, this being 100 to 500 g/day/m2 depending on environmental conditions, thereby allowing plant mass to double every 6 to 15 days. Additionally, carbon to nitrogen ratio in water hyacinth vegetal mass is optimum for biogas generation. About 6.4 kWh/m3 biogas calorific value is high enough to be used for producing heat and, therefore, for generating electricity in a thermal power plant. Such power plant could be directly connected to the national grid through the Puerto Botanic transformer station by building a 2 km long 220 kV transmission line crossing the Paraguay River. This project could save ANDE up to 25 million US$ every year due to reduced contracted power at the Itaipu power plant. Although this reduction will decline by 3% each year due to increased electricity demand, the investment of around 98 million US$ could be repaid within 15 years and would have 5% IRR and US$ 40.5 million NPV.

New mexican thermal project for SNC-Lavalin

SNC-Lavalin Constructors Inc is to design and construct a 60MW combined cycle thermal power plant in Farmington, New Mexico. This is a short news story only. Visit www.worldpumps.com for the latest pump industry news.

New Mexican thermal project for SNC-Lavalin

SNC-Lavalin Constructors Inc is to design and construct a 60 MW combined cycle thermal power plant in Farmington, New Mexico. Visit www.filtsep.com for the latest filtration industry news

SNC-Lavalin to build, maintain Algerian thermal plant

SNC-Lavalin Constructors International Inc has secured two contracts from Shariket Kahraba Skikda Spa; one, for nearly US$600 million, to design and build a 723 MW combined cycle thermal power plant in the Skikda region of Algeria, and the other to operate and maintain the plant, once it is built. This is a short news story only. Visit www.filtsep.com for the latest filtration industry news

SNC-Lavalin to build, maintain Algerian thermal plant

SNC-Lavalin Constructors International Inc has secured two contracts from Shariket Kahraba Skikda Spa; one, for nearly US$600 million, to design and build a 723 MW combined cycle thermal power plant in the Skikda region of Algeria, and the other to operate and maintain the plant, once it is built. This is a short news story only. Visit www.worldpumps.com for the latest pump industry news

Development of the Steam-Heated Natural Gas Pressure Reducing and Heating Equipment for Combined-Cycle Thermal Power Plant

An equipment, which controls pressure and temperature of natural gas to combined-cycle thermal power plant, has been developed. It consists of a heat exchanger for gas heating and a valve for gas pressure reduction. A simulator and an experimental plant have been developed, which investigate the dynamics of the equipment. Using this simulator, it's control system has been well designed before commercial construction, so that it's construction has been taken on schedule and it's performance has been completely satisfied with it's required control specification.