Combining Content Analysis Research Articles

Bringing the Presidents Back: Content and Discourse of Academy of Management Presidential Addresses

This paper examines the annual addresses of Academy of Management Presidents since 1957 in regard to their approaches to caring and the culture of care in the professional association. In particular, I investigated three areas: 1) How is culture of care addressed in the AOM annual presidential addresses? 2) How does culture of care resonate between the AOM President addresses and the Management, Spirituality and Religion Interest Group? and 3) What underlines the presidential discourse? The research combines content analysis and historical discourse analysis. All available annual addresses were examined; there are 41 in numbers. My inquiry intends to recover past president discourse through study of stated commitments and discourses for academy members and the surrounding society. The Academy Presidential addresses reflect a discourse of aspirational engagement, with this study documenting that fact and looking into the texts to illuminate Academy concerns over time.

A comparative discourse of sustainable finance options for agribusiness transformation in Nigeria and Brunei: implications for entrepreneurship and enterprise development

PurposeThe growing adoption of sustainable finance for inclusive agribusiness requires a cross-country comparison. In this paper, a comparative discourse of sustainable finance (SF) options for agribusiness transformation in Nigeria and Brunei is attempted; as well as examining the implications on entrepreneurship and enterprise development in both countries.Design/methodology/approachA mixed research method was adopted for this cross-country comparative analysis. To gain deeper insight into agribusiness and SF, the authors sourced the required data from scholarly articles, texts, World Bank data (2000–2016), national policy documents, working papers, national development plan reports, and other online resources on agribusiness and SF. The authors adopted mixed data (non-numeric and numeric data) because they allow for combining content analysis and secondary data in quantitative analysis (Williams and Shepherd, 2017). This mixed method approach follows a three-stage, namely: Data sourcing, Data development and conversion and Data analysis.FindingsThis discourse based on the mixed data produced four findings. Firstly, it was found that both countries have different statuses in the agribusiness sector, but Brunei had better growth performance in the crop, food, livestock, cereal production indices compared to Nigeria. Secondly, the challenges facing agribusiness in both countries include inadequate funding, misuse/mismanagement of land resources, deployment of extractive farming practices, application of ozone-depleting chemicals and pesticides among others have harmed the vegetation, the farmland, and the chemistry of the ocean resulting in low productivity. Thirdly, the SF options that are suitable for agribusiness transformation are green loans, green bonds, green credit, green investment funds, green mortgage scheme and other green financial support instruments given mostly as grants, subsidies and tax reliefs. The key guidelines for entrepreneurs seeking SF options for agribusiness are Principles 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of the EPs.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the study is that the analysis and interpretation of the findings are based on descriptive statistics. However, future research should consider using rigorous econometric tests such as the Co-Integration Test, Test of Causality and Inferential Statistics that would enhance stronger generalisation and prediction.Practical implicationsThe practical implication is that agribusiness transformation through sustainable finance options (SFOs) would bring about a structural change from the current subsistence agricultural practices to large-scale agriculture practices characterised by the deployment of agricultural information systems (AGRIS), precision agriculture and agricultural technologies. Flowing from the first implication, the nexus between agribusiness and SFOs will systematically improve agricultural productivity in the areas of crop production, fishing, livestock and forestry in both countries. Thirdly, an improved agribusiness would boost food production and availability thereby mitigating the rising trends in food insecurity, food inflation, food poverty, and ultimately will help actualize SDG 1(No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing).Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the literature on SF and agribusiness in emerging economies by identifying an inclusive strategy that matters for agribusiness transformation in high-income and low-income economies.

Is bioeconomic potential shared? An assessment of policy expectations at the regional level in Colombia

ABSTRACT As other technological promises, bioeconomy has raised expectations as a burgeoning field for the economy. Policy work in Colombia claims that such current focus on ‘bio’ should be profited by the country given its regional mega-diverse potential. Yet, the question remains to what extent such arrangements are shared regionally, in a country exhibiting variegated multi-cultural drivers and differentiated bio-potential. This paper tackles this question, assessing national policy documents and regional oil and mining royalties investment in the period 2012–2019. Conceptually, we build on the notions of integration and convergence to read regional funding and niche development as evidence of multi-level expectations. We combine content analysis, descriptive analysis and social network analysis to assess expectations at the macro, meso and micro levels. Results show that there is not a consistent regional translation of the discourse on bioeconomy, showing dispersed views about how to render bioeconomy real. Higher education institutions and regional governments play a central role in keeping the network together; however, the lead has been taken by regional governments.

COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the socioeconomic and social marketing implications

Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews’ enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some peoples’ fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.

COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the socioeconomic and social marketing implications

Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews' enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some people's fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.

Barriers and enablers to providing community-based occupational therapy to people with functional neurological disorder: An interview study with occupational therapists in the United Kingdom

Introduction Occupational therapists have an integral role in the treatment of people with functional neurological disorder, yet there is evidence of variable implementation of occupational therapy in community settings. This study explored the barriers and enablers to delivering community-based occupational therapy to people with functional neurological disorder in the United Kingdom. Methods Community-based neurological occupational therapists ( n = 10) with experience in functional neurological disorder were invited to complete semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interview schedule and analysis were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, a behavioural science tool for investigating barriers and enablers to clinical practice. Data were analysed using a combined content and framework analysis approach. Findings Important barriers to treatment included limited published information to guide practice, lack of professional role clarity and restricted multidisciplinary team working. Enablers included occupational therapists’ dual training in physical and mental health and focus on activity engagement. Service provision, quality and access varied across geographical locations. Conclusion Occupational therapists are uniquely placed to help people with functional neurological disorder; however, findings suggest that existing community service structures in many regions in the United Kingdom are inadequate and limit the quality of treatment that can be provided. Additional resources are required to support occupational therapy service provision in community settings.

Issue salience (Public Diplomacy) (see also theme or media coverage salience)

The variable “issue salience” refers to visibility or prominence of a given topic or theme occurring in the news coverage and is used to explore first-level agenda-setting (McCombs & Shaw, 1972). In addition to actor salience and valence, issue salience is analyzed to describe and explore the news coverage on different events and public debates. Mostly, issue salience is measured as the number of mentioning a particular issue, topic, or theme.
 
 Field of application/theoretical foundation: 
 Issue salience is analyzed using content analysis across different subfields of communication and media research, including the field of public diplomacy. In public diplomacy research, scholars measure issue salience in the context of governmental communication on their official channels online and offline or the representation of countries in social or mass media. Researchers embed the concept of issue salience primarily in agenda-setting theory (McCombs & Shaw, 1972), analyzing it as an independent variable from which to derive implications of news media coverage on audiences’ perceptions on a certain object or examining the relationship between issue salience in the media and the public agenda.
 
 References/combination with other methods of data collection: 
 When it comes to analyses on issue salience and its link to public perceptions, a mixed-method study design incorporating content analysis in combination with surveys is used to validate issue salience.
 
 Exampe study: 
 Zhou et al., 2013
 
 Information about Zhou et al., 2013
 Authors: Zhang et al.
 Research question/reseach interest: Comparison between news coverage on Great Britain (in terms of themes) in U.S.-American and Chinese news media during the Olympic Games 2012
 RQ: What were the most salient themes in British, U.S., and Chinese media when they covered the opening ceremony of the London Olympics?
 Object of analysis: Newspaper (30 media outlets across three countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, not explicated)
 Time frame of analysis: 24 July 2012 to 12 August 2012
 
 Information about variable
 Varible name/definition: Media coverage salience: Number of mentions given to a particular theme
 Level of analysis: Story
 Values:
 (1) Countryside (e.g., emphasis of British natural beauty and scenic sites)
 (2) Creativity (e.g., focus on British creative sector, such as arts, film, and literature)
 (3) Entrepreneurship (e.g., portrayals on entrepreneurs and investors, or global investment)
 (4) Green (e.g., emphasis on Great Britain’s sustainability and environmental protections efforts)
 (5) Heritage (e.g., focus on British royalty, museums, and historic landmarks)
 (6) Innovation (e.g., discussion of science and technology in Great Britain)
 (7) Knowledge (e.g., portrayals of research and development at British universities)
 (8) Music (e.g., mentions of British and music artists)
 (9) Shopping (e.g., emphasis on British shopping venues such as London as shopping city)
 (10) Sport (e.g., emphasis on sporting events or athletes, such as David Beckham)
 (11) Technology (e.g., focus on digital media, e-commerce, and IT services in Great Britain)
 Scales: Nominal
 Reliability: Krippendorf’s alpha = .90
 
 References
 McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187.
 Zhou, S., Shen, B., Zhang, C., & Zhong, X. (2013). Creating a Competitive Identity: Public Diplomacy in the London Olympics and Media Portrayal. Mass Communication & Society, 16(6), 869–887.

Attribute salience (Public Diplomacy) (see also issue attributes)

The variable “attribute salience” is described as the characteristics of a given issue that is portrayed in media coverage or other communication channels. It is generally measured in addition to issue salience and issue valence in order to analyze media portrayals of events, actors, or public discourses. Attribute salience is often measured in order to explore how particular issues are presented (instead of which in general), thereby contributing to second-level agenda-setting effects (McCombs et al., 1997). Field of application/theoretical foundation: Attribute salience is analyzed across different subfields of communication and media research, including the field of public diplomacy. In public diplomacy research, scholars measure attribute salience in the context of political communication or the representation of countries in the news media as well as on social media. Researchers embed the concept of attribute salience or issue attributes mainly in agenda-setting theory (McCombs & Shaw, 1972), analyzing it as an independent variable to derive with implications of news media coverage on audiences’ evaluations of certain issues. References/combination with other methods of data collection: When it comes to analyses on attribute salience in the context of issues and its link to public perceptions, a mixed-method study design incorporating content analysis in combination with surveys is used to validate attribute salience. Example study: Zhang et al. (2018) Information on Zhang et al., 2018 Authors: Zhang et al. Research question/reseach interest: Effects of agenda-building of Chinese state-sponsored media on news media coverage in Taiwan and Singapore during Hong Kong Protest Object of analysis: Newspaper (several English newspapers and newswires published in China, Singapore, and Taiwan; not explicated) Time frame of analysis: 1 May 2014 to 30 April 2015 Information about Variable Level of analysis: Articel Values: (1) Substantive issue attributes (frame): (a) Conflict (b) Cooperation (c) Problem definition (d) Proposed solution to the problem (e) Responsibility attribution (f) Human interest (g) Consequences and outcomes (h) Morality and motivation to take actions (2) Affective issue attributes (tone): (a) Negative (b) Neutral or mixed (c) Positive (d) N/A. Scales: Nominal Reliability: Cohen‘s kapp = 0.76

Social inclusion through mixed-income development: Design and practice in the Choice Neighborhoods Initiative

ABSTRACT Social Inclusion is an emerging term, used to encompass ideas of equity, social, economic and civic participation, and the proactive protection of human rights. In the United States, one potential vehicle for social inclusion is the development of mixed-income communities. Using a process perspective, this study explores the design and practice of social inclusion in the context of mixed-income development, by conducting a qualitative analysis of the federal Choice Neighborhoods Initiative. Utilizing a combined content analysis and grounded theory analysis of archival grant reports and conducted interviews, this study aims to answer the question: How do mixed-income development practitioners design and practice social inclusion? Through this analysis, the study generates a process theory of social inclusion through mixed-income development, identifying 57 practices, processes, programs, and structures that mixed-income development practitioners utilize in designing and practicing social inclusion.

Key issue (Terrorism Coverage)

“Key issue” describes the main issue or perspective an article focuses on when reporting on a news topic. There might be different key issues for the same topic: When reporting on terrorism, articles can for example concentrate on the incident itself, the perpetrator behind it, victims and/or political reactions to terrorism. Field of application/theoretical foundation: Key issues share similarities with other variables such as news “frames”, “issue salience” or “issue ownership” that also try to identify different perspectives for the same or different news topics. Therefore, studies based on “Framing” (Entman, 1993) work with similar variables to analyze what issues journalists focus on and many studies cited here use the concept of framing to identify key issues, for example Li (2007) or Zhang & Hellmüller (2016). References/combination with other methods of data collection: Studies for example combine content analysis and interviews with journalists to shed more light on dynamics and structures of terrorism coverage, including key issues (Larsen, 2019). Example studies: Li (2007); Matthews (2016) Information on Li, 2007 Authors: Li (2007) Research question: How did television outlets frame 9/11 during the first 24 hours of coverage and how did this framing change over time? Object of analysis: News coverage by five TV outlets (ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, and FOX news) Time frame of analysis: 24 hours after attacks on September 9 2001 occurred Info about variables Variable name/definition: Coverage frame: “The coverage frame is defined as the aspects of a perceived reality identified through a story that makes these aspects more salient in the news coverage” (Li, 2007, p. 676). Level of analysis: News story (TV) Variables and values: Political coverage frame, economic coverage frame, criminal coverage frame, environment coverage frame, safety coverage frame, human interest coverage frame, religion coverage frame, disaster coverage frame, other coverage frame Reliability: Scott’s pi: .8 Information on Matthews, 2016 Authors: Matthews (2016) Research question: How did newspapers react in the immediate aftermath of the London bombings 2005? Object of analysis: News coverage by nine UK newspapers and their Sunday equivalents (The Star, The Sun, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Daily Express, The Times, The Telegraph, The Guardian and The Independent) Time frame of analysis: July 8 2005 to July 15 2005 Info about variables Variable name/definition: Story themes Level of analysis: News article Variables and values: Reconstruction and reaction, bombers’ identities, police investigation, victims/the missing, heroism and survivors, London’s reaction Table 1. Measurement of “Key Issue” in terrorism coverage. Author(s) Sample Manifestations Reliability Codebook An et al. (2018) Articles from terrorist websites 31 different key issues, ranging from terrorist attacks to their political consequences Average Holsti value for all pairwise comparisons: .66 Available Du & Li (2017) Online news articles 6 different key issues, including “description and updates of the incident itself”, “causes of the incident”, “consequences of the incident”, “conflicting viewpoint related to the incident”, “condemn the terrorist behavior and discuss the punishment/reprisal”, and “background/history knowledge of the incident areas” Scott’s pi for all variables in study: between .798 and 1 Available Haußecker & Jirschitzka, 2010; Jirschitzka et al., 2010 Broadcasting programs 11 different key issues, ranging from war against terror to communication of terrorists Average Holsti value for all pairwise comparisons with five coders and one main coder: .66 Available Larsen (2019) Broadcasting programs and online news articles 3 different key issues, including “threat of terrorism”, “countering and prevention”, and ”terrorism as phenomenon” Cohen’s kappa: .782 Available Li (2007) Broadcasting programs 9 different key issues, including “political”, “economic”, “criminal”, “environment”, “safety”, “human interest”, “religion”, “disaster”, and “other” coverage frame Scott’s pi: .8 Not available Li & Izard (2003) Broadcasting programs and news articles 10 different key issues, including “business”, “World Trade Center”, “Pentagon”, “safety (concerning future attacks)”, “government and U.S. president, “criminal activity and terrorism,” “personal story”, “American public”, “U.S. Arab community”, and “past events” Scott’s pi for all nominal variables in study: between .78 and .96 Not available Matthews (2016) Newspaper articles 6 different key issues, including “reconstruction and reaction”, “bombers’ identities”, “police investigation”, “victims/the missing”, “heroism and survivors”, and “London’s reaction” Not reported Not available Zhang & Hellmüller (2016) Online news articles 8 key issues, sorted in the overarching categories “geopolitics” (consisting of “failing state”, “political opportunism”, “strategic game”, “geopolitical alignment”) and “existential threat” (consisting of “ISIS prowess”, “human rights crisis”, “economic consequences”, and “ISIS propaganda”) Krippendorf’s alpha: .73 Available

AGROTOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF MAPPING BRAND POSITIONING AND COMPETITVE LANDSCAPE: UGC (USER GENERATED CONTENT) APPROACH

Starting from 2009-2018 there has been an increase in the number of hotel resorts in Indonesia, so that the level of competition is higher and building a brand positioning agrotourism-based resort hotels can not only by creating regular marketing campaigns. The study used review data from online platforms tripadvisor.com. This study reveals the brand positioning of resort hotels and mapping the competitive landscape with the UGC approach to identifying the competing attributes of resort hotels in Bali. This study detects brand attributes using customer preferences as well as perceptual performance. Therefore, this study combines content analysis (UGC) and repertory grid (RGA) to answer research objectives. 13,784 customer reviews of the six best beach resort hotels in Bali are used to explore and visualize the competitive landscape. Sample determination techniques in this study using non-probability sampling approach. The findings of this study, identified the dominant agrotourism attributes in Bali are view and garden. This study detected that 66.67% of hotel resorts in Bali have asymmetric competitive model competition. Hotel resorts in Bali is mostly competing on PC1 which is a basic hotel offer. This research not only recommends competing for attributes to strengthen brand positioning in customers' minds but also competes with optimal allocation of hotel resort resources.

Munkaerőpiaci elvárások a romániai IT-szektorban

The present study follows the relationship between the employer brand identity of Romanian IT companies and the employee expectations of the workforce employed in the IT sector. The expectations of employees interested in the Romanian IT sector were summarized on the basis of a review of the international and Romanian literature. The examination of the employer brand identity of Romanian IT companies was based on a combined content analysis of the websites of 110 Romanian IT companies. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the talented workforce is looking for a job where its employee expectations are met to the greatest extent. Results also show that almost half of the Romanian IT companies barely take into account employee needs from different segments of the workforce. The study can be a starting point for brand managers working on employer brand design and development in the IT sector.

COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the social marketing implications

Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews’ enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some peoples’ fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.

Innovation performance of biotechnology firms in Bulgaria: opportunities for enhancing

This paper deals with the investigation of the possibilities to improve the innovation performance in Bulgarian biotechnology firms. The main research purpose is to analyze Bulgaria's position concerning the innovative development of bio-based production. Methodological tools of the research methods were processing quantitative data, content analysis, and comparative situational analysis in combination with dynamic graphic analysis. The results of the research showed that there is a significant deficit in Bulgaria in the innovative development of biotechnology firms. The enhancement of the innovative biotechnological state of Bulgarian firms is a matter of great importance to their successful production and market performance on both the local and international markets. A small number of firms manage to find an adequate solution to creating stable market advantages and face insurmountable difficulties in trying to make it on the global market. Furthermore, Bulgaria's membership in the EU creates additional formal demands for providing a high quality of the production process, putting the local biotechnology firms in an even more challenging position. It suggests that companies need to focus their attention on producing goods with high added value (which is the basis of innovation) and applying and perfecting successful market-oriented approaches. In that relation, the arguments were summarized for the practical benefits of designing a complete model focused on biotechnology firms' market orientation, which is of crucial importance for their long-term innovative development. The study presents an author's conceptual model for measuring innovation performance of biotechnology firms which contains three constructs: market orientation, knowledge integration orientation, R&D effectiveness. The results from the conducted research could be helpful to research and practice R&D developers of firms with an established presence and long market history and upstart enterprises that cannot rely on income from their market activity, market or production experience.

Does Social Media Expand the Traditional Role of Chinese TV Journalists as Gatekeeper on Weibo and WeChat J-accounts

This study investigates how TV journalists negotiate their “gatekeeping” on ‘output’ stage and showcase various facettes of roles during the gatekeeping process on Weibo and WeChat personal accounts (J-accounts). Based on a semi-structured interviews with journalists, we show the different uses of Weibo and WeChat, which are useful tools for journalists to share information, search news resources and check facts when conducting the journalistic gatekeeping. TV journalists – as “gatekeepers” – are unwilling to allow audiences to participate in news delivering on ‘output’ stage. TV journalists’ different performances on J-accounts show that they act as news spreaders, news gatherers and verifiers, which is coherent with the task of “gatekeeping” on TV. Journalists also perform as information explainers and rumor refuters, these tasks are beyond traditional “gatekeeping” on TV. Journalists adapt their use of social media to fit traditional professional norms as well as adapting those norms to fit the media logic of the social media platform. This research initially combines content analysis with interview to examine and compare different journalistic practice regarding various uses of Weibo and WeChat and reflects comprehensively facettes of journalistic roles during gatekeeping. It contributes to the empirical analysis of various aspects of ‘gatekeeping practices’ in China.

The Use of Twitter as an Interactive Learning Tool Within a Postgraduate Public Health Course: A Pilot Study

Twitter has gained attention in recent years as a tool to use in higher education to enhance students’ learning, engagement, and reflective writing. This study explored public health students’ perceptions on the usefulness of Twitter as a learning tool, engagement with their peers, staff, and the broader public health community. Participants were Master of Public Health students from a public university based in Sydney, Australia. A mixed methods approach was used combining content analysis of tweets, an online survey and two focus groups. Students were asked to engage with Twitter by reflecting on each week’s teaching content and by liking and replying to their peers’ tweets. Participation and engagement in this task were high initially and declined toward the end of semester. Most student tweets aligned with topics taught during the semester. Survey and focus group data indicated most students had positive views on using Twitter and reported finding engagement with Twitter beneficial in obtaining current information on health promotion news and trends, increasing their professional networks and allowing them to connect with their peers and teaching staff. Results indicate Twitter is a promising interactive approach to enhance public health students’ engagement and overall learning experience, as well as being useful for professional networking. Larger scale empirical studies are needed to investigate the impact of the use of social media platforms such as Twitter to various learning outcomes longitudinally and beyond this course.

Us versus Them: The Debates on the Legislation of Same-Sex Marriage (1994 – 2015) in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Taiwan, the first country in Asia to provide same-sex couples a legal right to marriage, has witnessed furious debate on both sides. To understand this debate, we combined content analysis and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) method to capture themes and states of mind reflected in the news articles. Arguments based in human rights and reflecting heterosexual preferences which were observed elsewhere also dominated the discourses in Taiwan. First-person pronouns, positive and negative emotions, and differentiation were found to be associated with rights discourses and, in turn, support for same-sex marriage. The themes, the state of mind of the involved parties, and same-sex marriage legalization are further discussed.

Weather-related influences on rural-to-urban migration: A spectrum of attribution in Beira, Mozambique

This article investigates the pathways linking environmental and economic drivers of rural-to-urban migration in Mozambique. Using examples from two rural-to-urban migrant communities located in the coastal city of Beira, we build on a generalizable migration framework (Black et al., 2011) in order to explore how perception and lived experience influence migration decision-making in contexts of environmental stress. We combine content analysis and descriptive statistics of semi-structured interview and household survey data. Using a decision-tree diagram to trace pathways linking experiences of adverse weather to migration, we evaluate the relative strength with which respondents attribute migration to weather-related factors. Qualitative findings reveal that (1) the weather’s influence on migration falls on a spectrum of attribution, (2) while few migrants directly link their migration to weather-related factors, the overwhelming majority link weather to worsening economic conditions in origin areas, and (3) migrants reject the label of climate migrant, and maintain that migrating from rural areas is primarily an economic decision. Results indicate that people would stay in rural areas, regardless of extreme weather, if resilient economic livelihoods existed.

Making health news: Examining how health influencers drive coverage of maternal and child healthcare issues in Nigerian newspapers

Nigeria is a developing country with varied developmental challenges. It has one of the worst maternal and child healthcare (MCH) indices, globally. The media, as a vital element within the society, has the potential to contribute to improving MCH through appropriate framing and communication of MCH issues. Achieving media inclusion poses a challenge as media contents are often products of varied power relations. Extant studies have established that health is often not primed in Nigerian newspapers where politics and business hold sway. News media contents are also influenced by varied factors which exists both within and outside of news media organisations. Premised on sociology of news as critical perspective, this study examines power relations in newspaper representation of MCH issues in Nigeria. Combining content analysis of MCH-related stories in newspapers with in-depth interview of newspaper health editors, it explores factors and underlying reasons driving coverage of MCH. It finds that government, local and international aid agencies, and civil societies often influence coverage of MCH issues. These groups drive media representation of MCH through established journalistic routine and reporter-source relations, often favouring priming of official news sources and ‘powerful’ elements within the society, as a necessity for maximising limited news media resources. This paper identifies various forms in which these groups manipulates media representation of MCH, urging the media to be more proactive in driving agenda for improved MCH for the citizenry, and not accede to satisfying peculiar interests over public interest.

Key Image Attributes to Elicit Likes and Comments on Instagram

This article spotlights the relationship between likes and comments and the content of tourism photographs on Instagram with the aim of understanding users’ behavior and, thus, helping destination management organizations. Based on the stimulus-organism-response model, a content analysis was conducted of 1,094 pictures that received 131,116,800 likes and 2,859,448 comments. By combining content analysis and regression analysis, the results show that Instagrammers’ responses are influenced differently by different picture attributes, resulting in dissimilar behavior with regard to likes and comments. Specifically, likes, as immediate reactions, tend to be driven by content featuring people, views, or common habits. In contrast, comments, which require greater effort on the part of the Instagrammer, are elicited by the topic of festivals or hotels, colors such as cream, green, orange, or yellow, images of water or animals, and images featuring tourist activities, mostly at night. Multi-image or fake pictures negatively impact likes. By analyzing the content of the information provided by the uploaded photographs, a typology of photographic attributes is developed to offer clues for destination management organizations to enhance engagement with potential customers and Instagram users.