Combined Biotin Research Articles

Development of Twenty-Six Novel Microsatellite Markers in Pampus argenteus (Perciformes: Stromateidae) and Cross-Species Amplification in Closely Related Species, Pampus minor

Pampus argenteus (Perciformes: Stromateidae) is an economically important benthopelagic fish, which is widely distributed along the coast of China, Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf and North Sea. To benefit population genetics studies and resource management, 26 pairs of novel microsatellite loci of P. argenteus were isolated using combined biotin capture method. These loci all included di-nucleotide repeat motifs. All markers showed polymorphism when assessed in 30 individuals from Xiapu population. The number of alleles per locus (NA) ranged from 4 to 22, and polymorphism information content (PICs) were from 0.565 to 0.924. Mean values of observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities ranged from 0.267 to 1.000 and from 0.633 to 0.929, respectively. Cross-species amplification showed that 22 microsatellite markers were successfully amplified in 30 individuals of P. minor, a closely related species of P. argenteus, and indicated clearly polymorphisms. The markers developed in this study will provide a useful tool for investigating the genetic structure, gene flow, and mating system of P. argenteus and the closely related species. They will also facilitate study on their evolutionary responses to the ongoing coastal systems change.

Adequate Intake of Biotin in Pregnancy: Why Bother?

Adequate Intake of Biotin in Pregnancy: Why Bother?

Microsatellite markers for Lycium ruthenicum (Solananeae)

We developed microsatellite markers in Lycium ruthenicum, a desert plant widely distributed in northwestern China. In order to investigate its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and its evolutionary history, we have isolated 11 novel microsatellite loci primers and characterized them in 24 individuals from 3 populations of L. ruthenicum using the combined biotin capture technique. For these microsatellites, one to seven alleles per locus were identified. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.958, meanwhile the expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.841. These microsatellite markers could be first useful for population level studies like genetic diversity and structure in this species.

Polymorphic microsatellite markers for Allium mongolicum Regel (Amaryllidaceae).

We developed polymorphic microsatellite markers in Allium mongolicum Regel, a desert plant widely distributed in western China. To better conserve this species, we need to investigate its genetic diversity and population genetic structure, as well as its evolutionary history. Using the combined biotin capture technique, we isolated 13 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci and evaluated their characteristics using 60 individuals from two populations of A. mongolicum. Two to fourteen alleles per locus were identified for these microsatellites. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.132 to 0.875 and 0.447 to 0.986, respectively. These microsatellite markers can be used to assess the genetic variation and genetic structure of A. mongolicum.

Microsatellite markers in Rhodiola (Crassulaceae), a medicinal herb genus widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci are described for Rhodiola, a medicinal herb genus widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.• Methods and Results: A total of 17 polymorphic microsatellite primer pairs were developed using the combined biotin capture method. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 12 across 192 individuals from R. bupleuroides, R. crenulata, R. fastigiata, and R. sacra, and the mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.177 to 0.412 and from 0.363 to 0.578, respectively.• Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential use of this new set of microsatellite markers for genotyping individuals and estimating genetic diversity in Rhodiola.

Development of thirty-five novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in Pseudosciaena polyactis (Perciformes:Sciaenidae) and cross-species amplification in closely related species, Pseudosciaena crocea

Small yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena polyactis, is an economically important marine fishery species. In this study, we isolated 35 novel polymorphic microsatellite primers in P. polyactis by using the combined biotin capture method. The polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 30 individuals from Donggang, Northern Yellow Sea, China. A total of 519 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 23. The PIC values of these 35 microsatellite loci ranged from 0.367 to 0.940. The observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) per locus ranged from 0.233 to 1.000 and from 0.438 to 0.943, respectively. Seven loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction and no significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was found between pairs of loci. In addition, cross-species amplification was performed in Pseudosciaena crocea, a closely related species of P. polyactis, to assess the applicability of these markers. These polymorphic microsatellites will provide useful tools for the study of genetic diversity and population structure of P. polyactis and P. crocea.

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci primers for Cupressus funebris (Cupressaceae)

Cupressus funebris Endl. (Cupressaceae) is an endemic conifer species in central and eastern China. In order to investigate the genetic diversity within and between populations and design the effective conservation strategies, we aimed to develop microsatellite markers for this species in the present study. We isolated and characterized 12 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for this species through the combined biotin capture method. Polymorphism of each locus was further assessed through 62 individuals from three geographically distant populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 12. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.115 to 0.396, and 0.204 to 0.542, respectively. One locus (Cf07) showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no Linkage disequilibrium was detected after Bonferroni corrections. These microsatellite markers will be useful for population genetics studies of this conifer species.

Microsatellite markers for Saussurea gnaphalodes (Asteraceae), a native Himalayan mountain species

Microsatellite markers were developed in Saussurea gnaphalodes to investigate its genetic variation and population structure. Using the combined biotin capture method, 46 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized across 48 S. gnaphalodes individuals from three Tibetan populations. Seventeen of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles ranged from two to 17. The observed and expected heterozygosities per population ranged from 0 to 0.938 and from 0 to 0.905, respectively. These markers provide a useful tool to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of S. gnaphalodes, and to facilitate further studies on conservation and utilization.

Thirty novel microsatellite markers for the coastal pelagic fish, Scomber japonicus (Scombridae)

Scomber japonicus (Scombridae: Scomber) is a wide-spread pelagic fish in the warm and temperate transition coastal areas and adjacent seas of Atlantic, Pacific and northwest Indian oceans (Collette and Nauen 1983). Although there are few studies on development of microsatellite markers that provide useful tool to evaluate population genetic diversity and structure of S. japonicus, the number of primer sets was relatively small and more microsatellite markers are needed for performing the comprehensive studies such as evolutionary biology and reproductive ecology, as S. japonicus is the most widely distributed and morphologically divergent among its populations in coastal regions and adjacent seas. In this study, we isolated and characterized 30 new microsatellite primer sets in S. japonicus using the combined biotin capture method. These loci included dinucleotide, trinucleotide and teranucleotide repeat motifs. All markers showed polymorphism when assessed in 60 individuals from two distant populations (Taizhou and Sanya) in the East China Sea and South China Sea, respectively. The numbers of alleles per locus for a single population ranged from 1 to 25, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) is from 0 to 0.946. The observed and expected heterozygosities (HO and HE) ranged from 0 to 0.933 and from 0 to 0.964, respectively. After the sequential Bonferroni correction, five out of 30 loci from Taizhou population and 12 loci from Sanya population (minimum adjusted alpha = 0.00167) showed significant deviation from Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), while no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected for any pairs of loci. Results

Development of microsatellite markers for the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae)

Microsatellite primers were developed for Parthenium hysterophorus to investigate its genetic structure and genetic diversity. Using the combined biotin capture method, 15 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. All markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine across 60 individuals from two populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.117 to 0.750 and from 0.182 to 0.835, respectively. These markers will be useful for investigating the invasion history of this weed globally and to help characterize its invasiveness.

Development of thirty-four novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in Coilia ectenes (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) and cross-species amplification in two closely related taxa

Coilia ectenes is an important commercial fisheries species, and its production has declined dramatically in recent years. It is necessary to investigate the microsatellite genetic information for further resource conservation and development of management strategies of this species. In this study, we developed 34 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated from C. ectenes using the combined biotin capture method. The polymorphism of each locus was further assessed in 30 individuals from Dandong, Yalujiang river estuary, China. A total of 325 alleles were detected. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 23. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.14 to 1.00 and from 0.54 to 0.91, respectively. Ten loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and no linkage disequilibrium (LD) between pairs of loci was found after Bonferroni correction. In addition, cross-species amplification was performed in two closely related taxa of C. ectenes, i.e., C. mystus and C. e. taihuensis, to assess the efficiency of these markers. These polymorphic microsatellites will provide useful tools for the study of genetic diversity and population structure of genus Coilia. This knowledge will help the development of sustainable fishing strategies to protect and recover these important resources. As a small to moderate size anchovy in the family Engraulidae, order Clupeiformes, Coilia ectenes (Jordan and Seale 1905) is mainly distributed in the northwest and western Pacific, extending southward towards Canton in southern China and northward to the Ariake Sound of southwestern

Microsatellite primers in Carex moorcroftii (Cyperaceae), a dominant species of the steppe on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Microsatellite markers were developed in Carex moorcroftii, a rhizomatous clonal sedge that dominates the steppes and meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Using the combined biotin capture method, 30 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. Twenty-two of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 11 across 96 individuals from four populations. These markers provide a useful tool to investigate the clonal structure and mating system of C. moorcroftii.

Microsatellite primers in luohanguo (Siraitia grosvenorii, Cucurbitaceae), an economically important plant species

Microsatellite markers were developed in an economically important plant, Siraitia grosvenorii, to evaluate its genetic diversity. Using the combined biotin capture method, 15 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. All of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 12 across 98 individuals from cultivars and a wild population. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.905 and from 0.000 to 0.845, respectively. These markers will facilitate the breeding and further study of the genetic diversity of S. grosvenorii.

Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite primers in Reaumuria soongorica (Tamaricaceae)

Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in Reaumuria soongorica, a desert shrub occurring widely in western China, to investigate its genetic diversity and population genetic structure. Using the combined biotin capture technique, 10 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci primer sets were isolated and characterized in 90 individuals from six populations of R. soongorica. Five to 14 alleles per locus were identified for these microsatellites. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.132 to 0.593, and 0.217 to 0.803, respectively. These microsatellite markers provide a useful tool to assess the genetic variation and population structure of R. soongorica.

Development of microsatellite markers in Kmeria septentrionalis (Magnoliaceae), an endangered Chinese tree

Microsatellite markers were developed in an endangered plant, Kmeria septentrionalis, to investigate its population genetic structure, gene flow, and mating systems. Using the combined biotin capture method, 14 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. All of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15 across 60 individuals from two populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.2692 to 0.9667 and from 0.3271 to 0.8881, respectively. These markers will facilitate further studies on the genetic diversity and mating systems of K. septentrionalis.

Microsatellite primers in Stipa purpurea (Poaceae), a dominant species of the steppe on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Microsatellite markers were developed in Stipa purpurea, a dominant species of the steppe and meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Using the combined biotin capture method, 15 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. Eleven of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven across 96 individuals from four populations. These markers provide a useful tool to investigate the spatial genetic structure and mating system of Stipa purpurea.

Development of microsatellite loci for Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae), a species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Polymorphic microsatellite loci primers were developed in an alpine plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Aconitum gymnandrum, to investigate its population genetic structure and cryptic speciation. Using the combined biotin capture method, 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in 66 individuals from six geographically distant populations of A. gymnandrum. Across all the A. gymnandrum samples, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15. These markers will be useful to study population structure and cryptic speciation of A. gymnandrum.

Microsatellite markers for the cushion rock jasmine, Androsace tapete (Primulaceae), a species endemic to the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Microsatellite markers were developed in an alpine plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Androsace tapete, to investigate its spatial genetic structure, gene flow, and mating patterns. • Using the combined biotin capture method, 16 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. Fifteen of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 13 across 56 individuals from six Tibetan populations. • These markers provide a useful tool to investigate the spatial genetic structure, gene flow, and mating system of A. tapete.

Development of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci primers for Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. (Campanulaceae)

Codonopsis pilosula Nannf., as an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant species, has been used to treat fatigue, thirst and loss of appetite. In this study, we developed 10 new microsatellite loci primers from the genome of this species using the combined biotin capture method. The polymorphism of each locus was further assessed through 27 individuals from four geographically distant populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 11. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.15 to 0.24 and 0.27 to 0.40, respectively. We further performed cross-priming tests of these loci in the other three congeneric species. These microsatellite markers will be useful for investigating genetic diversity within and between populations of these species.

Development of 10 microsatellite loci for Rheum tanguticum (Polygonaceae)

Rhubarb is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, the wild resource has been declining. In order to design appropriate conservation methods for the official species across their natural distributions, it is important to characterize their genetic diversity. Here, we describe the development of 10 new microsatellite loci for AC/TG/CCA in Rheum tanguticum. The microsatellites were enriched using the combined biotin capture method. The polymorphism of each locus was further assessed in 12 individuals from four geographically distinct populations of this species. The number of alleles ranged from three to seven and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.53 to 0.73. All markers have been checked in the other three species in the genus and two of them together comprise the official medicinal rhubarb resource with R. tanguticum. These microsatellite markers could provide a useful tool for genetic and conservation studies of the rhubarb species.