Combined Application Of Bio-fertilizer Research Articles

Effect of organic biostimulants on cannabis productivity and soil microbial activity under outdoor conditions

In 2019 and 2020, we investigated the individual and combined effects of two biofertilizers (manure tea and bioinoculant) and one humic acid (HA) product on cannabis biochemical and physiological parameters and soil CO2 evolution under outdoor conditions. Our hypothesis was that HA would increase the microbial activity in the biofertilizers and synergy of both compounds would promote better plant performance and stimulate soil microbial activity. In 2020, the individual and combined application of biofertilizers and HA increased cannabis height, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, aboveground biomass, and bucked biomass by 105, 52, 43, 122, and 117%, respectively. Impacts were greater under suboptimal growing conditions caused by planting delay experienced in 2020. In 2019, planting date occurred in-between the most favorable period and chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency were the only parameters influenced by the application of biostimulants. The discrepancies between the two growing seasons reinforce the evidence of other studies that biostimulants efficacy is maximized under stress conditions. This study could not conclusively confirm that the combined use of biofertilizer + HA is a superior practice since affected plant parameters did not differ from application of the compounds singly. Similarly, only one biofertilizer + HA treatment increased soil microbial activity. More research is needed to define optimum rates and combinations of biofertilizer and stimulants for cannabis.

Response of Biofertilizers and Foliar Application of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Prayagraj, UP, during the Rabi season of 2022. The experiment consisted of two variables with three levels i.e, biofertilizer (Rhizobium spp, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium spp + Pseudomonas fluorescens) and foliar application of zinc (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) at pre flowering and pod development stage. The soil had a sandy loam texture, with a pH of 7.2, organic carbon (0.72%), available N (178.48 kg/ha), available P (27.80 kg/ha) and available K (233.24 kg/ha). The experiment conducted in randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice. Among various treatments, combined application of biofertilizers along with foliar application of zinc significantly influenced the growth parameters, yield attributing characters and yield. The results revealed that treatment eight (Rhizobium spp + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Zinc 0.50%) recorded significantly highest plant height (43.29 cm), dry weight (35.63 g), number of pods/plant (111.33), number of seeds/pod (2.27), seed yield (1530.94 kg/ha) and stover yield (3020.00 kg/ha) in Lentil.

Effect of pre-sowing magnetic treatment of seeds with bio- and mineral fertilization on the soybean cultivated in a saline calcareous soil

<p>Bio-farming is an eco-friendly advance that minimizes the required chemical additives for optimizing the quality of crops that their storage is often accompanied by seeds’ components degradation. Magnetic treatment of seed was considered as a promising tool improves germination and growth. This study aims to evaluate the effect of individual and combined application of bio-fertilizers and the N-P-K mineral fertilizers preceded by magnetic treatment of dry and/or water-soaked seeds before sowing on the yield and quality of soybean cultivated in a saline soil.The field experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design with triplicates. The main two factors (F1) were not bio-fertilized and bio-fertilized plots. The sub-factors (F2) were three application rates (A: 50%, B: 75%, and C: 100%) of recommended doses of the three N, P, K fertilizers. The sub-sub factors (F3) were seeds not magnetically treated (NM) and magnetically treated (M). All factors were studied for dry soybean seeds (without soaking) and soaked seeds in magnetically treated water. After harvesting, soil and plant samples were analyzed. The most significant increase in the soybean seed yield (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) was by 49.98% for the bio-fertilized magnetized dry seeds at 75% and 100% mineral N-P-K fertilization compared with the NM soaked seeds at 50% N-P-K (A rate) without bio-fertilization. The 75% mineral fertilization significantly increased the protein (%) by 41.69% and decreased the proline (mg g<sup>-1</sup>dw) by 46.68%. Magnetic treatment of seeds before cultivation and combined bio/mineral N-P-K fertilization reduced the Proline that alleviats the stress conditions.</p>

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and organic ameliorant for corn growth and yield increment in Inceptisols

Since Inceptisols, in general, contain low soil organic matter and major plant nutrients, inorganic fertilizers are commonly added during corn cultivation. In order to maintain long-term soil health and fertility, bioferilizer and organic ameliorant application are suggested. The addition of nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria (NFB) can benefit plant growth through the supply of available nitrogen for plant uptake. Organic ameliorants can enhance soil chemical and biological properties. A field trial had been performed to observe the effect of biofertilizer and organic ameliorant on corn growth, N status in soil and plant, and the yield and wasteof corn. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Block Design that consisted of four treatments and six replications. The treatments were 1.2 kg/ha N-fixing mixed biofertilizer, 2 t/ha organic ameliorant, and mixtures of biofertilizer and ameliorant. Control plants received neither biofertilizer nor ameliorant. The experiment results found that N-fixing biofertilizer and ameliorant increased plant height, fully-developed leaves number, soil reaction and N uptake of corn compared to the control. The total-N content was slightly increased after NFB inoculation with and without amelioration over other treatments. Plots treated with biofertilizer and ameliorant produced a higher grain weight compared to the control treatment. Corn wastes such as empty corn cob and husk weight were increased in plants treated with biofertilizer, ameliorant and a combination of both. This study suggested that the combined application of biofertilizer and ameliorant produced 66% more grain yield and 84 % more cob and husk waste compared to untreated plants.

Soil biogenicity in the rhizosphere of different wheat genotypes under the impact of fertilization treatment

The rhizosphere is a dynamic environment in which many parameters may influence biogenicity. The important factors determining the microbial community in the rhizosphere are plant and soil nutrient supply. The aim of this paper was to determine the abundance of basic microbiological groups in the rhizosphere of four wheat subspecies, in three fertilization treatments in the organic farming system. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. It was carried out on the leached chernozem soil type. There was significant variability in the abundance of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms between the wheat subspecies, as well as between the fertilization treatments. The rhizosphere of common wheat had the greatest abundance of fungi (24.37 x 103 g-1). The rhizosphere of compactum wheat had the largest abundance of oligonitrophilic bacteria (361.47 x 105 g-1) and amonificators (119.27 x 105 g-1). There were no significant differences in the abundance of actinomycetes between the cultivars of common, compactum and durum wheat, but their lowest number was found in the spelt wheat cultivar (11.25 x 103 g-1). The combined application of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer resulted in a significantly greater abundance of amonificators (56.6%), fungi (28.2%) and oligonitrophiles (14.6%) than in the control treatment. The results show that the crop variety and application of appropriate fertilizer formulations can influence the abundance of the studied groups of microorganisms. This is particularly the case in organic farming, which relies completely on natural resources and processes.

Maximization of Nutrient use Efficiency and Yield through Application of Biofertilizers in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Background: The negative effects of continuous use of chemical fertilizers on soil microbiology and agricultural sustainability are well established. The chemical fertilizers load in environment can be minimized by combined application of fertilizers and biofertilizers in crops like pulses which require less fertilizer-N and respond well to the use of biofertilizers. The objectives of the study were to see the effect of different biofertilizers in reduction of total fertilizer use and the response of field pea to combined application of chemical- and bio-fertilizers in terms of growth, yield and NUE.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at KVK, Chhatarpur, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India to evaluate the application of fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth parameter, nodulation, nutrient content and uptake, nutrient use efficiency, yield and economics of field pea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatments in four replications. Treatments comprised of Control, Recommended dose (RD) of NPK (20: 60: 20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha, respectively) (RDNPK), RDNPK + seed inoculation with Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg seed (RDNPK +R), RDNPK+R+phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 20 g each/kg seed (RDNPK + R+PSB) and 75% of RDNPK + R+ PSB + potash solubilizing bacteria @ 5 kg/ha (75% RDNPK+ R+PSB+KSB). All other practices followed as per recommendation for the region and different observations and indices were recorded by following standard procedures.Conclusion: The application of 75% RDNPK+R+PSB+KSB was found best treatment among all others which resulted in highest grain yield (1682 kg/ha), protein content (23.1%), protein yield (388.5 kg/ha), net return (Rs. 46 623/ha) and B:C ratio (2.94). The nutrient use efficiency such as Partial Factor Productivity (PFP), Agronomic efficiency (AE), Physiological Efficiency (PE) and Economic Efficiency (EE) were also higher under combined application of fertilizers and biofertilizers. Thus, 75% RDNPK along with combined application of biofertilizers (R+PSB+KSB) may be applied for higher yield and return from field pea.

Impact of biofertilizers on resistance to diseases of spring barley

The article is devoted to the effect of biofertilizers (Bioklad and Vermix) on the severity of common diseases of spring barley in field trials conducted in the Orel region. The authors estimate risks of spring barley diseases and analyse the results of the three-year experiment, carried out under certain weather and climate conditions. The subject of the research is the spring barley crop Suzdalets under intensive farming (zoned for 2, 3, 5 regions of Russia). For a more comprehensive assessment, the experimental process includes separate and combined application of biofertilizers at two different doses. The results of the experiment shows that spring barley crops have responded to all tested combinations of treatment and, at the same time, biofertilizers Bioklad and Vermix, regardless of the doses of application used, had a positive treatment effect and reduced development of severe plant diseases such as root rot by 8.4%, Helminthosporium spot by 29.2%, powdery mildew by 28.9%, Rhynchosporium by 26.3%, stem rust by 65.9%, Septoria spot by 24.4%, and Fusarium head blight by 12%. The most productive agrocenosis of spring barley was formed with the use of Bioklad: barley yield was 0.59 t/ha at a dose of 1 L/ ha and 0.61 t/ha at a dose of 2 L/ha.

Effects of Biofertilizers and Nano Zinc-Iron Oxide on Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Wheat under Water Deficit Conditions

ABSTRACT Field trial was conducted to study the effect of nanofertilizer and biofertilizer on physicochemical properties and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different irrigation levels. The treatments included four nanofertilizers (no nanofertilizer, nano zinc (Zn) oxide, nano iron (Fe) oxide, and nano Zn-Fe oxide, each 1.5 g L−1), four biofertilizer (without inoculation, seed inoculation by Azotobacter, Azosperilium, and Pseudomonas), and three irrigation levels (normal irrigation, moderate and severe water limitation). Results indicated that water limitation led to a decrease in the grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water content whereas, increased proline, soluble sugars, and activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The application of biofertilizers and nanooxides increased the proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activities. Relative to control plants (without nanooxide), the plants treated with oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fe had 17% lower electrical conductivity, 27% higher peroxidase activity, and 61% higher polyphenol oxidase under severe water limitation. The application of Azotobacter and nano Zn-Fe oxide caused 88% increase in the grain yield as compared to control under severe water limitation. Our study implies that the combined application of biofertilizer and nano Zn-Fe oxide improved wheat yield under drought stress.

Co-application of bio-fertilizer and salicylic acid improves growth, photosynthetic pigments and stress tolerance in wheat under drought stress.

Drought stress hampers the growth and productivity of wheat crop worldwide. Thus far, different strategies have been proposed to improve drought tolerance in wheat but the combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria formulated bio-fertilizer (BF) and salicylic acid (SA) has not been thoroughly explored yet. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of SA, BF, and their combination on wheat plants under optimal and drought stress conditions. Seeds priming was done with BF (107 CFU mL−1). After 2 weeks of germination, SA (one mM) was applied as a foliar spray. Drought stress was applied by withholding water supply at three-leaf stage (30 d old plants) for the next 15 d until soil moisture dropped to 10%. Foliar application of SA increased the bacterial population of BF significantly compared to the sole application of BF under irrigated as well as drought stress conditions. Co-application of BF and foliar spray of SA induced drought tolerance in wheat plants by enhancing plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content and osmolytes, and activities of the defense-related system. Plants treated with SA and BF together under drought stress had significantly increased leaf water status, Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids synthesis by 238%, 125%, 167%, and 122%, respectively. Moreover, the co-application of SA and BF showed maximum SOD, POD, APX, and CAT activities by 165%, 85%, 156%, and 169% in the leaves while 153%, 86%, 116% and 200% in roots under drought stress. Similarly, the combined treatment exhibited a pronounced decrease in MDA content by 54% while increased production of proteins and proline by 145% and 149%, respectively. Our results showed that the co-application of SA and BF induced better drought tolerance as compared with the sole application of SA or BF. The results obtained herein suggest that combined application of BF and SA can be applied to the wheat crop to greatly improve drought tolerance in field conditions.

Effect of FYM, N, P Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Germination and Growth of Paddy (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Biofertilizers are becoming increasingly popular in many countries and for many crops, but very few studies on their effect on growth in seedling stage have been conducted in rice. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions due to organic manure, fertilizers and bio fertilizers were observed in all experiments. The treatments such as organic manure, chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers alone and in combination were applied. The growth parameters viz. germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Similarly the pigment contents such as chlorophyll-a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were also measured at seventh day after sowing. All the parameters were higher in combined application of Biofertilizers than in single application and other treatments including control.

Effect of FYM, N, P Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Germination and Growth of Paddy (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Biofertilizers are becoming increasingly popular in many countries and for many crops, but very few studies on their effect on growth in seedling stage have been conducted in rice. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions due to organic manure, fertilizers and bio fertilizers were observed in all experiments. The treatments such as organic manure, chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers alone and in combination were applied. The growth parameters viz. germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Similarly the pigment contents such as chlorophyll-a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were also measured at seventh day after sowing. All the parameters were higher in combined application of Biofertilizers than in single application and other treatments including control.

Improvement of yield potential of rice through combined application of biofertilizer and chemical nitrogen

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the suitable combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Azospirillum biofertilizer strain BM9 and BM11) along with different nitrogenous fertilizer levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% N) on rice variety Binadhan 4 at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture farm, Mymensingh in Aman season of 2006. Roots of rice seedlings were dipped in broth culture of bacterial strains in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium for half an hour before transplanting. Data were recorded on plant growth, yield, yield components and nutrient uptake. Results showed a significant increase in growth parameter like plant height, shoot dry weight, root length and dry weights, grain and straw yields, effective tillers/hill and panicle length, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake over uninoculated under most nitrogen levels except 100% N. Number of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weights were increased considerably compared to uninoculated control. Strains BM9 and BM 11 along with 80% N produced similar grain and straw yield to that with 100% nitrogen fertilizer applied alone. Results revealed greater scope of Azospirillum biofertilizer application for supplementing fertilizer nitrogen for achieving optimum yield of rice in Bangladesh soil and environmental condition. Key words: Rhizobacteria, Azospirillum biofertilizer strain, rice growth, nitrogenous fertilizer.

Effect of Individual and Combined Application of Biofertilizers, Inorganic Fertilizer and Vermicompost on the Biochemical Constituents of Chilli (Ns - 1701)

Organic Agriculture is a holistic way of farming besides production of high quality promoters without any agrochemicals. Biofertilizers (i.e), living organisms used in the fertilization of soil and are useful in supplementing the usual application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and help in enriching the soil. Vermicompost is blackish-brown humus like coarse granular material having electrically charged particles meant for improved adsorption of plant nutrients in the soil. The organic carbon in vermicompost releases the nutrients slowly and steadily into the system and enables the plant to absorb these nutrients. The present investigation is undertaken to study the effect of individual and combined application of biofertilizers, inorganic fertilizer and vermicompost on the biochemical constituents of chilli (NS- 1701).

Effect of biofertilizers on the nutrient availability in soil in relation to growth, yield and yield attributes of Stevia rebaudiana

A field experiment was conducted at Rani Chandramma Agricultural University (Arabhavi, Belgaum), Karnataka, India, in basic soil to study the nutrient availability in soil, yield and yield attributes of the medicinal plant stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). The results showed that the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil increased up to the fifth month; and thereafter, decreased by the same amount with the progress of the plant growth up to the sixth month, irrespective of treatments. Results also showed that the fresh and dry biomass yields significantly increased up to the sixth month with different treatments, but the yield attributes like plant height and the number of branches were observed to be varied with various treatments, being highest in the combined application of biofertilizers over that of their corresponding sole applications.

Complement of integrated fertilizer management and integrated pest management concepts to ameliorate faba bean growth and yield

Twenty-one microbial preparations recommended for controlling pathogenic fungal strains causing root rot and wilt diseases of faba bean were investigated for antibiosis against several symbiotic and associative diazotrophs adopting a modified agar-plate-inhibition-zone assay. Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium exhibited a somewhat similar susceptibility to biocontrol agents while associative diazotrophs showed variable responses. Azotobacter, compared to others, was severely inhibited by such bio-candidates. The members of the biofertilizer formulation ‘Biofertan’ did bear mixed cultivation with the majority of biocontrol agents. Among those, Bacillus subtilis was deemed the pioneer. In pot experiments, almost all the antagonists significantly restricted the severity of root rot and wilt diseases besides modifying faba bean seedling stand and improving plant development. This was very obvious with shoot biomass increases of > 50%. Moreover, the bioagents successfully recovered the legume establishment, seriously injured due to pathogenic fungal infection. Simultaneous inoculation with Rhizobium and biocontrol agents provided more growth stimulation compared to either when introduced individually. Field-grown faba beans were inoculated with the diazotroph and representatives of biocontrol strains by two different methods, seed coating and over-head soil. Growth parameters determined were the highest when the legume plant was seed-coated by Rhizobium simultaneously over-head soil inoculated with the bacterial bioagents; this was reported with Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aerugenosa. The significance of combined application of biofertilizer and bioagent to ensure cheap, clean and safe farm products is discussed.

Productivity and profitability of frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as influenced by nutrient management in cold desert region of north-western Himalaya

A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Kukumseri, Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, to study the effect of nutrient management on productivity and profitability of frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Combined application of chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers increased growth, yield and economics of frenchbean. Application of 40 kg N/ha with and without Rhizobium and phosphate -solubilizing bac- teria (PSB) produced the tallest plants. Application of 20 kg N/ha followed by combined application of biofertilizers with 20, 40 and 60 kg N/ha resulted in the highest dry-matter production. Dry-matter efficiency was significantly higher in N + biofertilizers followed by N , while unit area efficiency was also in N + biofertilizers followed by N 20 40 20 40 and combined application of biofertilizers with 20, 40 and 60 kg N/ha. Significantly higher seed weight was re-

Growth and productivity of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum) as influenced by biofertilizer and growth-regulator

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 1996 and 1997 to study the effect of biofertilizer (buckup) and growth-regulator (electra, micrin and protein hydrolysate) on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on sandy- loam lateritic soil. Use of biofertilizer or growth-regulator alone did not influence the growth and yield attributes and yield of sesame over control, significantly. But combined application of biofertilizer and growth-regulator improved all the growth attributes and yield components and thus markedly increased grain and stick yields. Integrated use of buckup, electra and protein hydrolysate recorded the highest grain (1,094 kglha) and stick (2,392 kg/ha) yields of sesame and showed superiority to no or single application of biofertilizer or growth- regulator.