Combination Of Renewable Energy Sources Research Articles

Effects of Power Electronics, Energy Storage, Power Distribution Architecture, and Lifeline Dependencies on Microgrid Resiliency During Extreme Events

This paper discusses microgrid power supply resiliency in extreme events and the impact of power electronic interfaces, energy storage, lifelines, and the characteristics of distribution architectures. Resiliency is characterized based on metrics analogous to those of availability considering the presence of power electronic interfaces and energy storage. The effect of energy storage on microgrid resiliency is analyzed and resiliency improvement in the presence of diverse sources is discussed. Resiliency metrics, which are time dependent in nature, are derived under natural disasters conditions. Resiliency is calculated for microgrids containing photovoltaics with batteries, diesel generators, and fuel storage with discontinuous fuel supply. Hurricane conditions are considered to provide a practical context for the discussion. Microgrid resiliency formulas are derived for radial, ring, and ladder architectures. It is shown that the resiliency formula for radial architecture can be used as a building block to derive the formulas for the ring and ladder networks. Architecture resiliencies are compared in islanded and grid-tie modes. The results indicate that the effects of including energy storage and source diversity, such as combinations of renewable energy sources and diesel generators, can improve power supply resiliency when the microgrid is in island mode, which is the most likely operating mode during extreme events.

Combining Frequency Containment Reserves and Renewable Power Leveling in Energy Storage Systems

The objective of this paper was to show that a combination of renewable energy sources with energy storage systems, which provide frequency containment reserves FCR (also called primary frequency control), improves the performance of both systems. This double benefit comes out in a reduction of intraday trading for the storage system and a leveled power injection of the renewables.Considering the regulations that apply for battery storage systems to provide FCR in Germany, interaction with other units is essential to guarantee availability of the system. This interaction is usually performed market based by intraday trading or by flexible power generation or consumption combined with the storage system. This paper, however, showed the benefits of interaction with fluctuating renewable energy sources.Energy storages and renewables were clustered to a common grid connection point to utilize the fluctuations of the renewable power generation directly for battery management. Simulation results based on sample photovoltaic and wind profiles showed the double benefit of the configuration. Intraday trading was reduced by 33% up to 57%. At the same time, fluctuations decreased, so the renewable power injection better matched a predefined power schedule.

Montaje, medición y seguimiento del funcionamiento de Paneles Fotovoltaicos en combinación a un sistema de generación eólico de baja potencia instalados en un invernadero

Este Proyecto consiste en el monitoreo de un sistema de energía eólica de baja potencia combinado con paneles fotovoltaicos que se encuentran acoplados a un invernáculo con el fin de suministrar energía eléctrica para las funciones de iluminación y control del mismo.
 La intención es mejorar la experiencia del Grupo de Energías Alternativas de la Universidad en registro, procesamiento y elaboración de informes sobre producción de equipos de ésta índole en la región, como así también en la medición de recursos de energía renovable y preparación de redes de instrumental para implementar organizadamente las mediciones y procesamiento de los resultados.

Dynamic Estimators for Islanding Detection in IEEE 9-Bus Wireless System

Microgrid has one of the essential spots in research on distributed energy system. Different electric loads can be problematic for power quality in microgrids, also micro grid can offer more options for power quality management. The distributed generation offers a feasible alternative to traditional sources of electric power for residential, commercial, and industrial application. Recent interest in the DG infrastructure is increasing globally because of its cost effectiveness. In modernized civilization, the problem of increased load demand makes necessary development in smarter infrastructure, it holds a federalized method, named smart grid. It is the combination of renewable energy sources or dispersed system with digitalized controlling elements. Dispersed system forms the distributer energy resources. In modern power systems, the power quality monitoring is a common practice for utilities. The immersion of embedded controllers decreases the risk of fault analyzing time and enhances the overall system performance. This paper presents a novel approach in dynamic estimators for islanding detection in IEEE-9 bus system with wireless communication technology.

IMPACT OF MODAL CHOICE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL SUPPLY CHAIN

Currently, concerns with sustainable development lead organizations to improve their production processes in order to reduce greenhouse gases emission and energy consumption. Since the bioethanol supply chain is a CO2 emitter and depends on several energy sources, it becomes important to analyze how to improve this chain regarding environmental issues. Thus, this paper presents a comparative study of scenarios with bioethanol supply chain configurations which use different modal alternatives and renewable energy in all its mid-stages. The analysis was based on LCA (life cycle analysis) concepts and in a partial application of LCI (life cycle inventory), so that we can identify which of these scenarios is most appropriate in terms of lower total energy consumption, greater share of renewable energy use and lower CO2 emissions. Based on concepts found in the bibliographic research, the methodology used and the data collected from documental research, this paper analyzes the supply chain that begins with sugarcane plantation and bioethanol production in the south central region of Brazil with destination to export. Based on the results, we concluded that it is possible to improve the performance of the supply chain in environmental terms with a combination of renewable energy sources and modes of transport that are more suitable to the product studied.

Current developments in renewable energy resources-based hybrid energy system: a review

The key drivers for increasing the use of renewable energy are large and un-explored potential, a gap between demand and supply to increase in potency, and environment concerns. The maximum available potential at all sites are majorly wind and solar energy, but due to the high unpredictable nature of wind, designing a system based on only wind energy may not be technically viable, therefore, a combination of renewable energy sources is fascinating researchers to design and implement the power system in a developing country leads the development of the hybrid energy system. Research and development in the field of solar, wind other renewable energy sources will be the future substitute in meeting the demand and supply gap of power. This paper presents a review of work done by various researchers in the area of pre-feasibility, unit sizing, modelling, and operation and control of various hybrid renewable energy systems.

Thermal performance of milk chilling units in remote villages working with the combination of biomass, biogas and solar energies

The milk processing and preservation is a fast growing business in developing countries and it is facing problems due to high energy cost and environmental concerns in using conventional energy sources. The energy tapped from renewable energy sources through the technological innovations would be one of the best options to implement the milk preservation strategies at village level. In rural areas, bioenergy is one of the most versatile energy-generating options. Because of the diversity in feed stock and conversion technologies, suitable study is needed to implement renewable energy base technologies to provide a continuous flow of energy services. In this paper, the use of locally available renewable energy sources, in various combinations, to operate a milk chilling plant at village level has been analysed using the Matlab software. The effect of variations in the combination of renewable energy sources on the overall system COP has been studied. The study predicts that the best possible overall system COPs in hilly, rubber cultivation, paddy and seashore regions are 0.26, 0.25, 0.235 and 0.24 respectively. Moreover, suitable combinations identified in the aforementioned regions are Biomass/Gobar gas (0.7:0.3), Biomass/Biogas/Gobar gas (0.7:0.1:0.2), Biogas/Biomass/Gobar gas (0.6:0.15:0.25) and Biomass/Gobar gas/Biogas/Solar (0.5:0.25:0.125:0.125) respectively.

Integration of optimal combinations of renewable energy sources into the energy supply of Wang-An Island

This is a case study of Wang-An Island's energy demands and potential renewable energy sources (RESs). Optimal integration of RESs was simulated using the EnergyPLAN model. The RES evaluation indicated an annual production potential of 458.1 GWh, which substantially surpassed local energy requirements of 22.3 GWh. The potential of yearly electricity generation from RESs of 299.7 GWh apparently outnumbers local electricity demand of 6.4 GWh as well, indicating that 100% renewable electricity would be achievable if surplus electricity can be stored and then reused during an electricity deficit. Electricity production from fully exploited RESs is able to supply only 5.8 GWh of electricity mainly caused by mismatches in times of electricity demand and production. The integrated optimization can supply 3.7 GWh of electricity. A deficit of 2.68 GWh can be compensated for through electricity storage or biomass energy. Although the total amount of generated renewable electricity during the whole year cannot yet satisfy the total amount of yearly demand, electricity storage can help to satisfy most of the electricity needs for the year.

Techno-economic studies on hybrid energy based cooling system for milk preservation in isolated regions

In developing countries like India, about 70% of the population is engaged in the production of milk, fruits and vegetables. Due to the lack of proper storage and transit facilities, the agricultural produce, in remote areas loses its value. This spoilage could be prevented at the local village level, by providing cooling units for short term preservation. In this paper, the possibility of a hybrid energy based thermally operated cold storage has been considered to meet the cooling needs of the villages in the southern parts of India, where biomass, biogas and gobar gas are available in abundance. A milk cooling system that uses various combinations of locally available renewable energy sources to operate an aqua ammonia vapour absorption cooling system has been analysed using the Matlab software. The impact of various combinations of renewable energy sources on the Coefficient of Performance (COP), Net Present Value (NPV) and payback period of the total cooling system has been studied. The analysis shows that the COP and payback period of the proposed hybrid renewable energy based milk cooling system are 0.16–0.23 and 4–6years respectively.

Power System Stability of a Small Sized Isolated Network Supplied by a Combined Wind-Pumped Storage Generation System: A Case Study in the Canary Islands

Massive integration of renewable energy sources in electrical power systems of remote islands is a subject of current interest. The increasing cost of fossil fuels, transport costs to isolated sites and environmental concerns constitute a serious drawback to the use of conventional fossil fuel plants. In a weak electrical grid, as it is typical on an island, if a large amount of conventional generation is substituted by renewable energy sources, power system safety and stability can be compromised, in the case of large grid disturbances. In this work, a model for transient stability analysis of an isolated electrical grid exclusively fed from a combination of renewable energy sources has been studied. This new generation model will be installed in El Hierro Island, in Spain. Additionally, an operation strategy to coordinate the generation units (wind, hydro) is also established. Attention is given to the assessment of inertial energy and reactive current to guarantee power system stability against large disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is shown by means of simulation results.

Evaluation of an integrated renewable energy system for electricity generation in rural areas

This study examines the combination of renewable energy sources for electricity generation at local level, and in particular the case of an isolated area of South Crete, the Frangocastello area, with the help of F-Cast, a computerized model that has been developed for the simulation of the operation of an integrated system. The energy supply side includes three renewable energy sources, namely wind, micro-hydraulic and biomass, and conventional high-cost electricity supplied by the National Grid. The model is the economic counterpart of an electronic control system that dispatches electricity on an hourly basis. Wind energy introduces uncertainty to the system. Relations among variables are based on three states of the world depending upon the hourly speed of the wind. Biomass is a balancing factor in the supply-demand interaction, as the production of biomass is itself at the same time consuming electricity, as an input. Conclusions are drawn on (a) the optimal combination of renewable energy sources to achieve economic viability of the system (b) effects on agricultural income and local development, and (c) evaluation of renewable energy policies.