Combined Test Method Research Articles

非球面光学元件的面形检测技术

In this paper,several aspheric testing methods for different fabrication steps and their new research progresses are introduced. Especially,we emphasis on the testing methods for precision polishing step,in which subaperture stitching interferometric testing and non-null partial compensating testing method are described in detail. Moreover,several combined interferometric testing methods which perform well in measuring large and steep aspherics are introduced. In addition,we provide a general description of free-form surface testing. The further development of aspheric surface testing methods is also prospected.

Combined Reliability Testing Profile Model and Application for Embedded System

Embedded system is applied more and more extensively in the fields of national defense weapon equipment. With the increasing complexity of embedded systems, the combination of the hardware with software is more and closer. Because of the overall characteristic of hardware and software combination in embedded system, traditional reliability test can hardly accurately identify the reliability of embedded systems. The proposed combined reliability testing method, which combines software reliability test with system integrated environmental stress test to simulate the state of system running, provides the basis for the accurate validation and evaluation of reliability of embedded system.

皮膚糸状菌に対する抗真菌薬の最小発育阻止濃度ならびに最小殺菌濃度の同時測定法の開発および本法を用いた市販外用抗真菌薬の in vitro 活性の評価

皮膚糸状菌に対する抗真菌薬の最小発育阻止濃度ならびに最小殺菌濃度の同時測定法の開発および本法を用いた市販外用抗真菌薬の in vitro 活性の評価

Evaluation of LAMP assay using phenotypic tests and conventional PCR for detection of bla NDM-1 and bla KPC genes among carbapenem-resistant clinical Gram-negative isolates

Carbapenem-resistant pathogens cause infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the use of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and cost-effective detection of bla(NDM-1) and bla(KPC) genes among carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in comparison with conventional PCR and existing phenotypic methods. A total of 60 carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates [Escherichia coli (15), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22), Acinetobacter baumannii (23)] were screened for the presence of carbapenemases (bla(KPC) and bla(NDM-1)) using phenotypic methods such as the modified Hodge test (MHT) and combined disc test (CDT) and molecular methods such as conventional PCR and LAMP assay. In all, 47/60 isolates (78.3%) were MHT positive while 48 isolates were positive by CDT [46.6% positive with EDTA, 30% with 3' aminophenylboronic acid (APB) plus EDTA and 1.6% with APB alone]. Isolates showing CDT positivity with EDTA or APB contained bla(NDM-1) and bla(KPC) genes, respectively. bla(NDM-1) was present as a lone gene in 28 isolates (46.7%) and present together with the bla(KPC) gene in 19 isolates (31.7%). Only one E. coli isolate had a lone bla(KPC) gene. The LAMP assay detected either or both bla(NDM-1) and bla(KPC) genes in four isolates that were missed by conventional PCR. Neither gene could be detected in 12 (20%) isolates. The LAMP assay has greater sensitivity, specificity and rapidity compared to the phenotypic methods and PCR for the detection of bla(NDM-1) and bla(KPC). With a turnaround time of only 2-3 h, the LAMP assay can be considered a point-of-care assay.

Laboratory Research on Reservoir Adaption of Water Fracturing

Water fracturing is vast applied in low permeability oil-gas filed, and gains extremely economic benefit. But not all low permeability reservoirs are suitable for water fracturing. This paper analyzed the fracture deformation characteristics and closed form in complex stress state, the fracture surface roughness and shear-slip caused the fracture surface couldn’t be completely meshed, there was residual space. Based on the characteristics, the self-support fracture combination and conductivity test method were established. The non-dimensional conductivity as the evaluation index, the water fracturing reservoir screening method was established.

Application of Schmidt rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity techniques for structural health monitoring

The concept of non-destructive testing (NDT) is to obtain material properties of place specimens without the destruction of the specimens and to do the structural health monitoring. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) used together with Schmidt Rebound Hammer (SRH) tests give a combined test method for health assessment by a suitable correlation between these two tests along with test by compressive testing machine. The structural health monitoring by NDT methods which comprised of UPV and RSH were carried out in the laboratory and site. The experimental investigation using NDT methods showed that a good correlation exists between compressive strength, SRH and UPV. The SRH offers method of achieving concrete strength with accuracy of ±15 to ±20 parent and the UPV method is a perfect instrument for both existing structures and those under construction with accuracy within ±20%. Key words: Ultrasonic pulse velocity, Schmidt rebound hammer, laboratory, site, experimental investigation.

A simplified model for nonlinear seismic response analysis of equipment cabinets in nuclear power plants

An analytical model is required when the analysis method or the combined analysis and modal testing method is used as an aid to the seismic qualification (SQ) of equipment cabinets within nuclear power industry. This study proposes a simplified and computationally efficient model to represent the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the cabinet during earthquake. The presented model accounts for the softening behavior of the cabinets by incorporating the Duffing's type of restoring force. The characteristic of nonlinear restoring force for the finite element model (FEM) is based on the relationship of stress–strain of the element. Experiments have also been performed on an actual cabinet of nuclear power plant (NPP) to validate the model. The softening or reduction in dynamic stiffness of cabinets with increase in the excitation levels is observed in the experiments. It is also found that material yielding is not a significant source of the nonlinear behavior of the cabinet. The results obtained from the analysis using the proposed model are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed model is expected to be useful for the prediction of seismic behavior of cabinets, particularly during the operation, owing to less computational effort required, accurate prediction of softening and no requirement of tests.

Vibration lifetime modelling of PCB assemblies using steinberg model

Automotive requirements are nowadays not only limited to high temperatures but more and more demands are driven towards vibration and higher acceleration values due to the direct mounting of the Electronic Control Units on the Engine. Temperature cycle testing and combined testing methods have been under study for a long time but literature concerning Vibration Modelling is very poor in comparison with thermal models like Arrhenius or thermo-mechanical based models like Coffin-Manson. In this article, a revisit of the Steinberg Model is presented with a direct application on tantalum capacitors populated boards. Experimental results with various sinusoidal excitation g-level are presented; whereas on the other side FEM simulations are performed and results are implemented in the Steinberg Model, in order to identify model parameters.

Adrenal toxicity in dogs and cats as a contributing cause of hormonal and immune destabilization

The adrenal cortex is regarded as the organ most vulnerable to toxicity within the endocrine system. The production of cortisol, among the many steroidal hormones produced by the cortex, may suffer as a result. In a veterinary clinical practice, household dogs and cats with a wide variety of diseases ranging from allergies to cancer commonly have a cortisol deficiency or defect that triggers endocrine imbalances and immune system destabilization. The causes of deficient cortisol are linked primarily to genetics but also to acquired adrenal damage likely stemming from environmental toxins. An innovative blood test to determine relevant endocrine-immune imbalances in pets and a treatment method based on low-dosage steroidal medication, as a form of cortisol replacement therapy, are described. Despite a prevailing reluctance to use steroidal medications long term because of the fear of side effects, extended and even life-time usage of these medications at low, physiologic dosages has been applied successfully for decades and appears to be gaining wider acceptance. The validity of a combined testing and treatment method for humans based on the veterinary model deserves investigation as a tool with which to identify and correct toxic damage to adrenal function.

Complex segregation and linkage analysis of familial gout in Taiwanese aborigines.

The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in Taiwanese aborigines is remarkably high. Although previous studies have failed to find evidence of a major gene responsible for gout, the disease is thought to involve genetic predisposition. We sought to determine whether genetic factors for familial gout exist among Taiwanese aborigines, and, if so, their chromosomal location. We first performed complex segregation analysis. The study sample comprised 945 relatives distributed in 64 pedigrees; among them, 261 affected members (including probands) were found. In all of the aboriginal probands with gout, the disease was diagnosed and confirmed by rheumatologists. Blood specimens were then collected from 127 individuals living in one community that was used in the segregation analysis (from 25 pedigrees, 36 nuclear families, and 112 full sibpairs), and sibpair linkage analysis and a combined transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) method were used to test the genetic components. In segregation analysis, after adjusting for sex and age, an autosomal-arbitrary major gene model was found to fit the data best, with disease allelic frequency of 0.31 and susceptibility of 0.92. In sibpair analysis, there was a clustering of many flanking markers showing significant linkage, including D1S498 (regression coefficient -0.52), D1S2635 (regression coefficient -0.47), and D1S196 (regression coefficient -0.51), in the 1q21 region of chromosome 1 (all P < 0.005). Results of the combined TDT showed that the marker D1S484 was significantly associated (had linkage) with allele 1 and was transmitted more frequently than other markers to the affected offspring (P < 0.005). Results of this study provide evidence of a genetic basis for familial gout in the aboriginal Taiwanese population and suggest that a susceptibility locus may be located in the 1q21 region of chromosome 1.

Stain Test for the Fiber Blending Ratio of a Polyester/Cellulose Nonwoven

Along with the trend toward automation in the textile industry, an objective, correct. and efficient fiber identification method has become an important component of rapid respondent systems the textile industry desires. Using a polyester/cellulose nonwoven fabric, currently the highest in demand in the market, as the material and applying a combined stain test and regression method, an identification model for nonwoven blending ratios is established in this study. The results clearly indicate that with regression, CIE L*a*b*c*h can be used to establish the required identification model for polyester/ cellulose nonwoven blending ratios. The correlation coefficient between the predicted regression value and the actual blending ratio is more than 0.99, indicating that the model's fitting ability is extremely high.

Comparison of three hydraulic property measurement methods

Hydraulic functions of soils may differ depending on the different measuring methods used. The performance of three different methods for measuring soil-hydraulic properties of a heterogeneous field were evaluated. The experiments were conducted using three different sizes of undisturbed soil cores collected systematically along a 31 m long transect of a well drained sandy loam soil having three soil horizons (Ap, 0-0.25 m; Cl, 0.25–0.55 m; C2, 0.55–1.00 m). The laboratory studies involved: (1) detailed unsteady drainage-flux experiments performed on fifteen columns of 1 m length and 0.3 m diameter; (2) combined crust test and hot-air methods applied to thirty columns of 0.2 m length and 0.2 m diameter and to a subset of sixty cylinders of 0.1 m length and 0.045 m diameter, respectively, taken from the Ap horizon; and (3) desorption experiments carried out on a total of one hundred eighty cores of 0.051 m length and 0.05 m diameter collected evenly from the three horizons. Mean soil hydraulic properties were inferred from experimental data characterizing either selected depths or the soil profile as a whole. The results revealed considerable differences among estimated mean soil properties as obtained with different measuring techniques. Although the application of scaling theory substantially reduced variation in the measured pressure heads ( h) and conductivities ( K), the results revealed that scaling parameters determined from soil pressure head were not identical to scaling factors determined from hydraulic conductivity. The results also show that K scaling factors in general were much more variable than h scaling factors, and that the observed variability in scaling factors also depend upon the measurement technique used.

Inclusion pattern of non-conductive particles in electrodeposited nickel coatings

By combined X-ray electron microprobe and Dubpernell test methods, the relationship between the particles included in the nickel sublayer and the thickness-microporosity of the chromium plate was investigated. Whereas the metallographic and electron microscopic observations of the composite nickel layers provide information only about the total number of particles on the surface, the X-ray microanalysis makes it possible to distinguish particles that are not coated with a nickel layer, which can create micropores in the adjacent chromium layer. The number of open particles in the investigated plating system is less by an order of magnitude than the total number. Further studies using the Dubpernell test provided evidence that microporosity decreases as the chromium plate increases in thickness.

In situ testing and its application to foundation engineering

The status of in situ testing and its application to foundation engineering are presented and discussed. The in situ test methods are discussed within the framework of three groups: logging, specific, and combined test methods. The major logging test methods discussed are standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), and the flat plate dilatometer test (DMT). The major specific test methods discussed are the prebored pressuremeter test (PMT), the self-bored pressuremeter test (SBPMT), and the screw plate load test (SPLT). Discussion is also presented on recent tests that combine features of logging tests (using the CPT) and specific tests (e.g. the seismic, the electrical resistivity/dielectric, and the lateral stress sensing cone penetration tests). A brief discussion is also presented on the applicability, as perceived by the author, of existing in situ test methods and the future of in situ testing applied to foundation engineering. Key words: in situ testing, foundation engineering, penetration testing, pressuremeter.

The use of combined non-destructive testing methods to determine the compressive strength of concrete

The use of combined non-destructive testing methods to determine the compressive strength of concrete