Combination Of Nutrients Research Articles

Testing the Effect of High pH and Low Nutrient Concentration on Four Leafy Vegetables in Hydroponics

Low nutrient and high pH of circulating water represent two of the main issues to overcome for a successful combination of aquaculture and hydroponics in aquaponics offering a sustainable and circular economy solution for vegetable production. The purpose of this study was to screen the tolerance of four herbs to high pH and low nutrient concentration in hydroponics, i.e., green and red basils, mint, and rocket salad, with a focus on plant yield and nutraceutical aspects. Results highlighted green basil as the most tolerant species to low nutrient and high pH conditions followed by mint. On the contrary, negative effects from high pH and low nutrient were reported on red basil and especially rocket salad, which strongly affect their marketability parameters. Rocket salad fresh biomass was more than halved under the combination of high pH and low nutrients. Results on green and red basil showed the importance of testing the tolerance to these agronomic conditions at both species and variety levels. Despite the reduction in biomass, leaf pigments were not influenced by high pH and low nutrients and therefore can be considered parameters of minor importance for the evaluation of these species. In conclusion, the tolerance of green basil and mint to high pH and low nutrients under hydroponic conditions has been highlighted. Further investigation coupled with fish farming will be able to reinforce the convenience of using these species for aquaponics.

FOOD AND SUPPLEMENT COMBINATIONS TO PREVENT OR POSTPONE AGING, MCI, AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Abstract Evidence of many interacting causes of aging has renewed interest in food and nutrient combinations that may blunt the main causes[PMC9184560, PMC8889622] and postpone aging, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s (“A-MCI-Alz”) in contrast to prior failures[PMC9232186]. We present an updated list of anti-aging/pro-longevity strategies to address limitations of previous food/nutrient combinations. Our list has two unusual features: (i) all interventions should be administered concurrently so no fundamental causes of A-MCI-Alz are without remediation and can inflame and leave smoldering important causal factors, (ii) all interventions should be provided daily or weekly to help avoid re-ignition of key factors driving A-MCI-Alz. These two features can help explain past longevity-trial failures[PMC9310407]: no previous study to our knowledge has included most or all of the following interventions, so untreated causes of A-MCI-Alz likely remained active[PMC9114803]. Our recommended interventions include intermittent-or-continuous calorie restriction or fasting[PMID: 33138875, PMC9351392, PMC7956384], protein- and/or methionine-restriction[PMC9197402, PMC4023024, PMC9197406], consumption of moderately-strong metal chelators (e.g. polyphenols in blueberries[PMC1413581], other berries[PMC8271923], grapes[PMC7096489, PMC6386230], cherries[PMC8745076], fruits with hesperidin/hesperitin [PMC9310407] like oranges, soybeans with genistein [PMC4286753], ginger [PMC5852742], ginseng [PMC9358063, PMC3830124, PMC6874434], green/rooibos/oolong teas[PMC6567241, PMIDs: 33285593, 19996359], coffee[PMC4926853, PMC9145055], chocolate[PMC9287426]), antioxidant-rich foods[PMC7530501], B vitamins including vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid[PMC9232186, PMC8725342, https://doi.org/10.3181%2F00379727-99-24442]) to help metabolize partly-toxic aldehydes[PMC6802361] and improve/lower lactate/pyruvate and NAD+/NADH ratios[PMC7346061], ingesting adequate-to-high amounts of longevity-correlated tyrosine[PMC6681387], cysteine[PMID: 20191258], glutathione[PMC8912885, PMC5005830], niacin, nicotine acid and/or NADH[PMC7346061, PMC6982340], spermidine[PMC8436989], anti-inflammatory NSAIDS[PMC4270464], autophagy inducers[PMC6191153] fiber[PMC8705837] and fluids[PMID: 21585170] to help remove excess metals, toxic metabolites and damaged organelles, while limiting methionine-rich, other pro-aging foods[PMC4023024].

Determination of Optimum Rate of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Boron for Leaf and Seed Yield of Lettuce

The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, during October 2012 to May 2013 to determine the optimum rate of nutrients for sustainable lettuce production. Nineteen treatment combinations were considered with five levels of each elements such as nitrogen viz. 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1; phosphorus viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1; potassium viz. 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha- 1; boron viz. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg ha-1. Results revealed that treatment T3 (N100P50K100B1.0) showed the maximum leaf and seed yield of lettuce. Fertilizer doses under T3 also showed the highest gross margin Tk. 305825 and Tk. 2816675 ha-1 and BCR 7.50 and 70.0 for leaf and seed yield, respectively. But, from regression analysis optimum doses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron for maximum leaf yield (23.11 ton ha-1) and seed yield (571.5 kg ha-1) were N143P74K95B1.26 and N136.4P67.8K118.0B1.0, respectively that could be recommended as the best combination of nutrients for achieving higher leaf and seed yield of lettuce.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(4): 455-471, December 2020

Customized Fertilizer: A Key for Enhanced Crop Production

One of the most important inputs in increasing food grain production is fertiliser. In terms of nutrients (N, P, and K), annual fertiliser consumption has increased from 0.07 million tonnes in 1951–1952 to more than 26.5 million tonnes in 2017–2018 [1], and consumption per hectare has increased from less than one kilogramme in 1951–1952 to the level of 137.62 kilogrammes in 2015–16. An important component for crop yield and productivity is fertiliser. Fertiliser use accounts for 55% of increased food output. India's annual food grain requirement is around 300 mt per annum by 2020. The area under cultivation cannot be expected to grow beyond the current 142 mha, hence a large portion of the increase in food grain output must be achieved by increasing productivity per unit area. In comparison to most crops, rice has a nitrogen fertiliser efficiency of just 30–40% and other cereals have a phosphorus fertiliser efficiency of 15–20%. Combinations of primary nutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients may be included in the customised fertiliser. At customised fertilisers, major ingredients like Urea, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), and Potash are combined with micronutrients like sulphur, zinc, and boron in a ratio that is appropriate for certain crops and soil types. As we know that, in addition to bigger amounts of fertilizer being removed, the development of high yielding systems is likely to make the problem of secondary and micronutrient deficiencies worse by applying huge amounts of N, P, and K to meet higher yield targets. As a result, there is a chance that in intensive systems, a negative balance may develop and there will be a shortage of secondary and micronutrients. Balanced fertilisation, site-specific nutrient management, and customised fertilisers will all be crucial in achieving sustainable future goals. In long run, such a strategy may also increase agricultural yields and prevent the loss of soil fertility. As a result, the current article concentrates on the various features of customised fertilisers connected to their necessity, production, standards, and long-term prospects.

Effects of Fertilizer on the Quality and Traceability of Tibet highland Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A Diagnosis Using Nutrients and Mineral Elements.

Production areas influence the quality of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and fertilization levels may be associated with the origin traceability of highland barley. As the main object of the study, a collection of highland barley was planted in different areas in Tibet, China, to explore the effect of fertilizer on the quality and traceability of highland barley. We carried out field experiments with and without fertilizer treatment (using urea and diamine phosphate). Highland barley was distinguished by nutrient and mineral element contents in combination with chemometric methods. The results indicated that fertilizer treatment significantly affected some mineral element contents in highland barley and improved the accuracy of highland barley traceability. The combination of nutrients and mineral elements could distinguish highland barley from those raised in other areas due to influence of growing environment. P, K, Fe, and Cu provided a great contribution to the classification of highland barley. Thus, the combination of nutrients and mineral elements can be used as a powerful tool to track highland barley, indicating that fertilization treatment should be considered when tracing highland barley.

Efffects of Rhizobium Inoculation, Sulphur and Zinc Nutrients on Yield and Yield Componets of Chickpea (Cicer aritienum L.) at Gewane, Northeastern Ethiopia


 The goal of this study was to see how a combination of Rhizobium inoculant, S, and Zn nutrients affected chickpea nodulation and yield (Cicer arientinum L.) at Gewane, northeastern Ethiopia. The experiment included 12 treatments arranged in factorial combination of levels of inoculation (Rhizobium inoculated, un-inoculated), three rates of S (0, 15, 30 kg Sulphur ha-1) and rates of Zn (0, 1.5 kg Zinc ha-1). The treatment becomes laid out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed that yield and yield associated parameters (main branches, number of pod, quantity of seed, hundred seed weight, grain and straw yield), crop phenology (days to 50% flowering and days to physiological maturity), nodulation scores (nodule amount, nodule volume, nodule dry weight, effective nodule and nodulation score), N and P uptake at both locations had been significantly affected by the treatments. The best (1775.5 kg ha-1) suggest rate of seed yield over locations changed into acquired from blended costs of rhizobium and 30 kg S ha-1 which led to 28 % (389 kg ha-1) growth over the control. Consequently, rhizobium inoculation with rate of 30 kg S ha-1is recommended for chickpea production on the experimental site.

Ultrasonic‑assisted molten salt hydrates pretreated Eucheuma cottonii residues as a greener precursor for third-generation l-lactic acid production

This study aims to establish an efficient pretreatment method that facilitates the conversion of sugars from macroalgae wastes, Eucheuma cottonii residues (ECRs) during hydrolysis and subsequently enhances l-lactic acid (L-LA) production. Hence, ultrasonic-assisted molten salt hydrates (UMSHs) pretreatment was proposed to enhance the accessibility of ECRs to hydrolyze into glucose through dilute acid hydrolysis (DAH). The obtained hydrolysates were employed as the substrate in producing L-LA by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). The maximum glucose yield (97.75 %) was achieved using UMSHs pretreated ECRs with 40 wt% ZnCl2 at 80 °C for 2 h and followed with DAH. The optimum glucose to L-LA yield obtained for SHF was 90.08 % using 5 % (w/w) inoculum cell densities of B. coagulans ATCC 7050 with yeast extract (YE). A comparable performance (89.65 %) was obtained using a nutrient combination (lipid-extracted Chlorella vulgaris residues (CVRs), vitamin B3, and vitamin B5) as a partial alternative for YE.

Association between methyl donor nutrients and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

Limited evidence is available regarding the association of methyl donor nutrients and adolescents’ metabolic health. Therefore, we investigated the relation between a combination of methyl donor nutrients and metabolic health status of overweight and obese Iranian adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 203 overweight/obese adolescents were included, using a multistage cluster random-sampling method. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Methyl donor nutrient score (MDNS) was constructed based on deciles of vitamins B2, B6, B9, B12, methionine, choline and betaine. Glycemic profile, lipid profile, blood pressure and anthropometric indices were collected. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy obese or unhealthy obese (MUO) based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and IDF/Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) definitions. Mean age of adolescents was 13.98 pm 1.61 y and 50.2% of them was girls. After controlling all of the confounders, individuals in the top tertile of MDNS, had lower odds of MUO (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.13–0.95) according to IFD criteria. Considering IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, an inverse marginally significant association was observed between the highest tertile of MDNS and odds of MUO (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.12–1.02) in the fully-adjusted model. Furthermore, significant inverse association was found between each unit increase in MDNS and odds of MUO based on IDF criteria, but not for IDF/HOMA-IR definition. We found that overweight/obese adolescents with higher dietary intakes of methyl donor nutrients were less likely to be metabolically unhealthy. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.

In vitro chemotherapy-associated muscle toxicity is attenuated with nutritional support, while treatment efficacy is retained.

Purpose: Muscle-wasting and treatment-related toxicities negatively impact prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Specific nutritional composition might support skeletal muscle and enhance treatment support. In this in vitro study we assess the effect of nutrients EPA, DHA, L-leucine and vitamin D3, as single nutrients or in combination on chemotherapy-treated C2C12-myotubes, and specific CRC-tumor cells.Materials and Methods: Using C2C12-myotubes, the effects of chemotherapy (oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin+5-fluorouracil and irinotecan) on protein synthesis, cell-viability, caspase-3/7-activity and LDH-activity were assessed. Addition of EPA, DHA, L-leucine and vitamin D3 and their combination (SNCi) were studied in presence of above chemotherapies. Tumor cell-viability was assessed in oxaliplatin-treated C26 and MC38 CRC cells, and in murine and patient-derived CRC-organoids.Results: While chemotherapy treatment of C2C12-myotubes decreased protein synthesis, cell-viability and increased caspase-3/7 and LDH-activity, SNCi showed improved protein synthesis and cell viability and lowered LDH activity. The nutrient combination SNCi showed a better overall performance compared to the single nutrients. Treatment response of tumor models was not significantly affected by addition of nutrients.Conclusions: This in vitro study shows protective effect with specific nutrition composition of C2C12-myotubes against chemotherapy toxicity, which is superior to the single nutrients, while treatment response of tumor cells remained.

Sustainable fish feeds: optimization of levels of inorganic fertilizers for mass production of Oocystis sp. for climate smart aquaculture

Use of microalgae as a source of food in aquaculture production is gaining recognition due to their rapid growth rate that promises high biomass generation within a short time. The challenge faced is getting good and inexpensive nutrients source to be used in mass production of the required microalgae. This study investigated the effect of different nutrient combination in influencing the growth rate of the of the green algae Oocystis sp. which has been identified as a possible protein source for the raising of Orechromis niloticus fingerlings for fish farming. Modified Bolds 3 N Medium and commercial agricultural fertilizers (urea, NPK and DAP) media were compared to establish the appropriate combinations that would result into high biomass generation but at the lowest cost possible. The Modified Bold 3 N Medium acted as the control, at a cost of 11.28 KSh per litre; the other media were derived from urea, NPK, and DAP (varying the ratio of each) at a cost of treatment 1 (0.14 KSh per litre), treatment 2 (0.18 KSh per litre), and treatment 3 (0.22 KSh per litre). The algae was cultured for 5 weeks with samples taken daily for biomass analyses using chloropyhll-a concentration as the surrogate for Oocystis sp. biomass for 30 days, from each treatment was determined. The growth rate, doubling time, and divisions per day were then estimated based on this chlorophyll-a concentration. The results showed that the mean concentrations of chlorophyll-a in treatment 1 was highest (7.715 ± 0.667 µg/ml), while treatment 3 (6.441 ± 0.555 µg/ml) had the least. There were no significant differences in the mean concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the four treatments (Kruskal–Wallis H test: P > 0.05). The chlorophyll-a concentration varied significantly in each treatment with time (Kruskal–Wallis H test: P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the growth rate (Kruskal–Wallis H test: P > 0.05), divisions per day (Kruskal–Wallis H test: P > 0.05), and doubling time (Kruskal–Wallis H test: P > 0.05) from the different treatments. The results of this study showed that inorganic fertilizers can be used as cost-effective media in the mass scale culture of Oocystis sp.

The Effect of Nutrition and Planting Media on the Productivity and Quality of Baby Kai-Lan (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) Cultivated Using Nutrient Film Technique System

The production of Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (commonly known as baby kai-lan) with nutrient film technique can generally be performed in a relatively short period to get a high selling value of products. This study aims to determine the effect of several types of nutrients and growing media applications on the productivity and quality of baby kailan products. The research involves two test variables (nutrition and planting media) with three variations of plant nutrition and four kinds of growing media. The physical and morphological analysis results provide information on leaf width parameters. Concerning medium, perlite shows the best average yield in each plant variation. Regarding nutrients, product “Z” nutrition has the most substantial influence on the growth of the object of research. The physical and morphological tests show that the average number of leaves in almost all treatments is seven. However, the highest average number of leaves is achieved by treatments using perlite and hydroton growing media with planting nutrients “Z”. The edible weight of the harvest test shows that the treatment combination of perlite and nutrient “Z” has the highest average, i.e., 59 g per plant.

Is Melatonin the "Next Vitamin D"?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements.

Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, and many other conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to greater awareness of melatonin because of its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, and mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between melatonin and vitamin D in the depth and breadth of their impact on health. Both act as hormones, affect multiple systems through their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, are found in the skin, and are responsive to sunlight and darkness. In fact, there may be similarities between the widespread concern about vitamin D deficiency as a “sunlight deficiency” and reduced melatonin secretion as a result of “darkness deficiency” from overexposure to artificial blue light. The trend toward greater use of melatonin supplements has resulted in concern about its safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, and application in certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims to evaluate the recent data on melatonin’s mechanisms, its clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning dietary supplementation, including the different formats available (animal, synthetic, and phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, and nutrient combinations.

Impact of in-furrow fertilizers on winter wheat grain yield and mineral concentration

AbstractPlacement of fertilizer in the seed furrow to increase nutrient availability is a common practice in row-crop production. While in-furrow application of fertilizer is widely utilized in the production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), there is a lack of work evaluating new formulations and nutrient combinations that are available. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of in-furrow fertilizer products and combinations of products on winter wheat grain yield, nitrogen and mineral concentrations. Trials were conducted across five site-years in central Oklahoma using 11 fertilizer formulations placed in-furrow at the time of planting. In locations that soil test phosphorus (STP) levels or potassium were above sufficiency, the use of in-furrow fertilizers did not improve yield over the control. Inconsistency of response was noted at locations where STP levels were below the critical threshold. While one location showed no response to the addition of P regardless of source, two other locations had significant yield responses from three or more P-containing fertilizers. The addition of both sulphur and zinc resulted in increased yield over the base product at one low STP location. Nutrient concentrations were also influenced in nutrient-limited soils; however, no trends in response were present. Based upon the results of this study, the application of in-furrow fertilizer has the potential to increase winter wheat grain yield and nutrient concentration, when soil nutrients are limiting. As expected the addition of fertilizer when soil test levels are at or above a sufficiency did not increase grain yield.

Checkerboard Barriers Attenuate Soil Particle Loss and Promote Nutrient Contents of Soil

In the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, checkerboard barriers play a vital role in ecological restoration. However, the improvement of soil quality in the later stages of lattice barrier-laying is an issue that is not yet known. This study selected dunes lined with Salix psammophila (SL) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) checkerboard barriers in the desert zone of an arid zone, and no-barrier dunes were used as the control area. We assessed the soil properties of different dunes’ windward slopes using a combination of particle size characteristics and soil nutrients and using soil nutrients to build a soil quality index (SQI). The laying of checkerboard barriers has a positive effect on the accumulation of fine soil particles and the improvement of soil quality. It ultimately leads to an increase in fractal dimension in the 0–2 cm and 2–4 cm soil layers. SQI and soil nutrients show consistent trends. The SQI of the different dune types follows the order: SL (0.22) &gt; HDPE (0.14) &gt; CK (0.12). We also found an interaction between soil nutrients and particle characteristics through statistical analysis. With a comprehensive assessment of checkerboard barriers installed on dunes, SL can provide better soil restoration benefits.

The Effect of Concentration and Organic Fertilizer on Pakcoy Plant Growth and Yield with Wick Hydroponic System

This study aims to determine the growth and yield of Pakcoy plants with nutrient concentasry and liquid organic fertilizer in the Wicksist hydroponics system. The study was carried out on February 14, 2022 – April 14, 2022 at Green House Umsida using a randomized design method of groups with a single factor, namely a combination of ab mix nutrient concentration and liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels: AB Mix Nutrient Concentration 2000 ppm + Without POC, AB Nutrition Mix Concentration 1500 ppm + POC 500 ppm, Ab Mix Nutrient Concentration 1000 ppm + POC 1000 ppm, Ab Mix Nutrient Concentration 500 ppm + POC 1500 ppm. Observation of plant height, weevil diameter, leaf julah, wet weight and dry weight. The results of this study showed that the combination of AB MIX nutrients with liquid organic fertilizer from leri water fermented by lactobacilus bacteria affected the growth and production of mustard crops. On the K3 treatment (Ab Mix Nutrient Concentration 1000 ppm + POC 1000 ppm) had a significant influence on all observations. Providing a balanced concentration of nutrients with liquid organic fertilizers reduces the use of chemical fertilizers

Selenium Yeast and Fish Oil Combination Diminishes Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in A549 Sphere Cells.

Cisplatin is a prevalent chemotherapeutic agent used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is difficult to treat by targeted therapy, but the emergence of resistance severely limits its efficacy. Thus, an effective strategy to combat cisplatin resistance is required. This study demonstrated that, at clinically achievable concentrations, the combination of selenium yeast (Se-Y) and fish oil (FO) could synergistically induce the apoptosis of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like A549 NSCLC sphere cells, accompanied by a reversal of their resistance to cisplatin. Compared to parental A549 cells, sphere cells have higher cisplatin resistance and possess elevated CSC markers (CD133 and ABCG2), epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers (anexelekto (AXL), vimentin, and N-cadherin), and cytoprotective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker (glucose-regulated protein 78) and increased oncogenic drivers, such as yes-associated protein, transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, β-catenin, and cyclooxygenase-2. In contrast, the proapoptotic ER stress marker CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity were reduced in sphere cells. The Se-Y and FO combination synergistically counteracted the above molecular features of A549 sphere cells and diminished their elevated CSC-like side population. AMPK inhibition by compound C restored the side population proportion diminished by this nutrient combination. The results suggest that the Se-Y and FO combination can potentially improve the outcome of cisplatin-treated NSCLC with phenotypes such as A549 cells.

Diet Patterns, the Gut Microbiome, and Alzheimer’s Disease

Given the complex bidirectional communication system that exists between the gut microbiome and the brain, there is growing interest in the gut microbiome as a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AD by initiating and prolonging neuroinflammatory processes. The metabolites of gut microbiota appear to be critical in the mechanism of the gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine-n-oxide, lipopolysaccharide, and short chain fatty acids, are suggested to mediate systemic inflammation and intracerebral amyloidosis via endothelial dysfunction. Emerging data suggest that the fungal microbiota (mycobiome) may also influence AD pathology. Importantly, 60% of variation in the gut microbiome is attributable to diet, therefore modulating the gut microbiome through dietary means could be an effective approach to reduce AD risk. Given that people do not eat isolated nutrients and instead consume a diverse range of foods and combinations of nutrients that are likely to be interactive, studying the effects of whole diets provides the opportunity to account for the interactions between different nutrients. Thus, dietary patterns may be more predictive of real-life effect on gut microbiome and AD risk than foods or nutrients in isolation. Accumulating evidence from experimental and animal studies also show potential effects of gut microbiome on AD pathogenesis. However, data from human dietary interventions are lacking. Well-designed intervention studies are needed in diverse populations to determine the influence of diet on gut microbiome and inform the development of effective dietary strategies for prevention of AD.

The Effect of Different Nutrient Combinations on Development Time and Emergence rate of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

In this study, the effects of different nutrient combinations on the development time and emergence rate in the cultivation of the host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which has an important place in biological control mass production, were investigated. Food experiments were carried out by using 200 g different food combinations in 15 x 20 x 8 cm containers and adding 1.000 Mediterranean flour moth eggs on it. Standard food and ground hazelnut shell were used. 5 different food combinations; A (200 g standard food as a control), B (50 g standard food + 150 g hazelnut shell), C (100 g standard food + 100 g ground hazelnut shell), D (150 g standard food + 50 g ground hazelnut shell) and E (200 gr ground hazelnut shell) were used for the experiments. As a result, no moth emergence was observed in the group E. The development time was 41 days in A, 48.3 days in B, 41.3 days in C, and 41 days in D. The best development time was observed in food combination D compared to food combination A (control). The development time was statistically found significant. The adult emergence rate was 91,86% in A, 18,16% in B, 82,00% in C and, 95,63% in D. As a result, D food combination is recommended in mass production of Ephestia kuehniella, because the development time is short and the adult emergence rate is the highest.

Effect of Macronutrients Combination with Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.)

An experiment was conducted into the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from October 2019 to March 2020 this study the effect of macronutrients combination and plant spacing on growth and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Black cumin variety BARI Kalozira-1 was used as planting material in this study. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor-A: macro nutrient combinations (4 levels): T1= N0P0K0 kg ha-1 (control), T2= N90P50K40 kg ha-1, T3= N135P75K60 kg ha-1; Factor-B: plant spacing (3 levels): S1= 20 cm × 10 cm, S2= 20 cm × 15 cm and S3= 20 cm × 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial with three replications. Data on different growth, yield and yield contributing parameter of black cumin were recorded and significant variation was observed from different treatments. In case of nutrient combinations, the tallest plant (54.86 cm) was observed from T3 (N135P75K60 kg ha-1) treatment. The maximum primary branch plant-1 (8.62) and secondary branch plant-1 (12.18), flower plant-1 (22.20), capsules plant-1 (19.69) and 1000 seed weight (2.99 g) was observed from T2 (N90P50K40 kg ha-1) treatment. The highest seed yield ha-1 (1.18 t) was observed from T2 (N90P50K40 kg ha-1) treatment. In case of plant spacing the tallest plant (48.34 cm) was observed from S1 (20 cm × 10 cm) treatment. The maximum primary branch plant-1 (7.80) and secondary branch plant-1 (11.23) flower plant-1 (20.26), capsules plant-1 (18.81), 1000 seed weight (2.99 g) were observed from S3 (20 cm × 20 cm) treatment. The highest seed yield ha-1 (1.09 t) was recorded from S1 (20 cm × 10 cm) treatment. It can be concluded that, sowing of black cumin providing 90 kg N, 50 kg P and 40 kg K nutrient combination with 20 cm × 10 cm plant spacing was recorded to be more suitable practice for getting higher amount and quality of seed yield of black cumin.

Exclusive breastfeeding in family with early marriage

Background: Breast milk is the best nutrient for infant, providing everything the babies need to survive and drink plenty of fluids during the first six months and that is perfect combination of various nutrients. Besides that, breast milk is the best way to reduce infant morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, which often affect toddlers in developing countries who are not getting the appropriate developmental nutrition. Meanwhile, the level of national initiation is checked according to mother’s age. Young mother (&lt; 19 years old) tends to rarely breastfeed (83.6 percent) compared with the older one (88.5 percent- 92.7 percent). Therefore, the scoping review aims to explore the description about exclusive breastfeeding on mother with early marriage. Method: the method of this scoping review used Arksey &amp; O’Malley framework consisting of five stages such as identifying scoping review question by framework PEOs; identifying relevant article through relevant database, such as Pubmed, Proquest, ScienceDirect and finding Grey literature through Google Scholar; selecting the article with Prism Flowchart that is used to draw the article search flow, doing critical appraisal to assess the quality of article; doing data charting.