Combination Of Glimepiride Research Articles

Evaluasi Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Dengan Kombinasi Anti Diabetik Oral-Oral Di RSUD Provinsi NTB

Background: based on data from the Ministry of Health NTB, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in West Nusa Tenggara in 2020 is around 59,606 people divided into 10 regencies and cities. The highest prevalence of diabetes is type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). One way to assess the success of T2DM therapy is to measure quality of life using Quessionnair's Diabetic Quality Of Life Clinical Trial (DQLCTQ) questionnaire. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the quality of life of DMT2 patients who received oral-oral antidiabetic combination at West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital. Method: observational analytic with Cross Sectional design with Concurrent patient data collection. Samples: 56 T2DM patients. The results of the study: on the characteristics of respondents there was no difference in quality of life on gender, age, occupation and length of suffering from T2DM. Patients who received the combination of metformin and glimepiride had a quality of life score of 71.84, while patients who received the combination of metformin and glimepiride 74.77. Research conclusion: statistical test with independent sample t-test showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.268).

Subgroup analysis of phase 3 study of fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and metformin IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged <45 years and 45 to 65 years

Subgroup analysis of phase 3 study of fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and metformin IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged <45 years and 45 to 65 years

Subgroup analysis of phase 3 study of fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and metformin IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with HbA1c 9%-11%

Subgroup analysis of phase 3 study of fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and metformin IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with HbA1c 9%-11%

Synergistic Effect of Naringin and Glimepiride in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.

Evaluation of the synergistic effect of Naringin and Glimepiride in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Wistar rats were chosen and divided into five groups (n=6). STZ was used for the induction of diabetes. The combination of naringin and glimepiride was administered to diabetic rats. The changes in fasting blood sugar, body weight, Hb, HbA1c, and creatinine were evaluated, and urine was collected and the volume was observed. The lipid profiles like TC, HDL, LDL, and TG were measured. The biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, and ALP were analysed. Besides, endogenous antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and catalase were also assessed. Lastly, the histopathological study of the beta cells in islets of the pancreas, glomerulus, and tubules of kidney and liver cells was conducted in all groups. The result shows significant reduction (p<0.001) of blood sugar in the naringin and glimepiride-treated group when compared with the control group (diabetes). Additionally, the combination of Naringin (100 mg/kg) and Glimepiride (0.1 mg/kg) significantly restores the creatinine levels and urine volumes, SGOT, SGPT, and ALP when compared to a single dose of administration. Further, the abnormal lipid profile levels (TC, LDL, TG, and HDL), and endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, catalase) in diabetic control rats were restored to normal levels in a significant manner. The histopathological result reveals significant alterations, including hypertrophy of islets and mild degeneration, renal necrosis, and inflammation of hepatocytes. A synergistic effect of Naringin and glimepiride was observed during the estimation of various biochemical parameters like body weight, fasting blood sugar, creatinine, urine level, TG, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Insulin, HbA1c, antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and catalase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, the combination of therapy improves the protective effect of the pancreas, kidney, and liver, suggesting a potential antidiabetic effect.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF METFORMIN-GLIMEPIRIDE COMBINATION COMPARED TO SINGLE METFORMIN USE IN DECREASING 2 H POST PRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE

Objective: Complications related to diabetes could reduce the quality of life. In Indonesia, the costs incurred for diabetes mellitus annually will increase as complications of the disease increase. This study explored the cost-effectiveness therapy of metformin-glimepiride combination on post-prandial blood glucose.&#x0D; Methods: Glimepiride is added to the first category for diabetes mellitus receiving metformin to improve blood sugar levels and reduce costs. An observational study was conducted retrospectively to analyze post-prandial blood sugar levels with the total direct medical costs at Universitas Andalas Hospital. The study involved 114 medical records of patients referred during 2021. The combination of Metformin HCL and Glimepiride was compared to Metformin alone in measuring cost and effect parameters. The categorical dependent-independent groups were statistically analyzed using Chi-square, while the cost and effect parameters were calculated to get the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value.&#x0D; Results: There were no significant differences between groups on sociodemographic characteristics (p&lt;0.05). An incremental cost value of IDR 43,291 was obtained for reducing post-prandial blood sugar by 21.92 mg/dl.&#x0D; Conclusion: Increasing cost and effect parameters require further analysis to determine the trade-off point.

Physicians Perspectives on the Preference of Antihyperglycemics for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in India

As they were commonly prescribed together for blood glucose control, metformin and more recent sulfonylureas, such as glimepiride, have been shown in numerous clinical studies to effectively reverse insulin resistance and promote insulin secretion. In India, primary care physicians and specialists used the fixed-dose combination of metformin and glimepiride in various doses. The results of clinical trials needed to be applied to regular clinical practice in the real world in order to close the knowledge gap. Regarding this, professional opinions will provide insightful information about the use of antihyperglycemics and their combinations, including their safety, effectiveness, and usefulness for a particular subgroup of patients with diabetes. So, a cross-sectional study was conducted on the prescription pattern of oral anti-diabetic drugs for patients with diabetes mellitus. The choice of oral anti-diabetic agents for diabetic patients with comorbidities was analysed by using 26 questions. About 845 physicians participated in the survey by sharing their opinions/views on the questionnaire. Also, 400 physicians out of 845 prefers glimepiride and metformin as the preferred combination to achieve the targeted glycated haemoglobin level. Moreover, 723 physicians out of 845 experienced glycated haemoglobin reduction with glimepiride and metformin for more than 3 years. Maximum glycated haemoglobin reduction with glimepiride and metformin was 1.5%-2% by 383 physicians as per the survey. They also experienced good glycaemic control and good cardiovascular safety with glimepiride and metformin. Thus, the experts recommended glimepiride and metformin very often in elderly individuals. Glycated haemoglobin reduction was more than 3 years with glimepiride and metformin, as per the clinical experience of the experts participated in the survey. They also witnessed good glycaemic control and cardiovascular safety profile with glimepiride and metformin combination.

A comprehensive review on combination of lobeglitazone and glimepiride in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic condition with increasing global incidence, necessitating effective and well-tolerated treatment options. In recent years, the combination of lobeglitazone sulfate and glimepiride has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are already treated with a thiazolidinedione and sulphonylurea or who have inadequate glycemic control on a thiazolidinedione alone or a sulphonylurea alone. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone sulfate + glimepiride tablets in the management of T2DM.

Expert perspectives on the use of a triple combination of voglibose, glimepiride and metformin for the management of diabetes in Indian settings

Expert perspectives on the use of a triple combination of voglibose, glimepiride and metformin for the management of diabetes in Indian settings

Antidiabetic drug profile of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor that can increase the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 infection. The use of antidiabetic drugs for diabetes mellitus patients with COVID-19 infection is very important to reduce these impacts. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic drug profiles of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was an analytic cross-sectional electronic medical record data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and comorbid Diabetes Mellitus. It was carried out from May until December 2020. Result: A total of 106 patients were involved and different types of antidiabetic drugs were used i.e., glimepiride in 32 patients (31.13%), metformin in 18 patients (16.98%), combination of long-acting and rapid-acting insulin in 20 patients (18.87%), and combination of metformin and glimepiride in 18 patients (16.98%). Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed single antidiabetic therapy in patients with COVID-19 and comorbid diabetes mellitus was glimepiride, followed by glimepiride and metformin. The most common insulin therapy combination was long-acting and rapid-acting insulin.

Glucocentric and cardiocentric approaches to achieving type 2 diabetes compensation

Background. Monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been found to be effective only for a limited time. At the same time, the rationality of drug combinations remains an important component of successful management of T2DM. In this context, given the complex multifactorial pathogenesis of T2DM, it is optimal to influence various mechanisms of hyperglycemia. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of additional administration of a combination of metformin and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 8.5–9.5 % who took dapagliflozin alone for at least three months. Materials and methods. Fourteen men (mean age 57.9 ± 8.4 years) and 18 women (mean age 58.2 ± 9.3 years) with T2DM were included in the study. The average duration of T2DM was 9.7 ± 4.2 years. The patients were in a state of decompensation of T2DM (HbA1c over 8.5 %) against the background of dapagliflozin monotherapy in the maximum dose for at least three previous months. In addition to dapagliflozin (10 mg/day), patients were prescribed a combination of metformin and glimepi­ride (Duglimax tablets, 500 mg/2 mg once a day) for three months. Results. The average level of HbA1c in 32 patients with T2DM was 9.72 ± 0.81 %, fasting plasma glucose was 10.71 ± 1.42 mmol/l. Three months after the start of a combined treatment, the HbA1c level decreased significantly to 7.54 ± 0.46 % (p &lt; 0.05). The average reduction in HbA1c after switching to additional metformin therapy with glimepiride was 1.48 ± 0.38 %. The proportion of patients who achieved HbA1c &lt; 7.5 % was 34.5 % after 3 months (p &lt; 0.05). The effectiveness of the additional administration of metformin and glimepiride is also confirmed by the high percentage of patients (12.5 %) who achieved HbA1c &lt; 7.0 % (p &lt; 0.05). The level of fas­ting plasma glucose decreased to an average of 7.19 ± 1.06 mmol/l after 3 months. The average decrease reached 3.06 ± 1.08 mmol/l, which in relative terms was 31.4 ± 8.7 % of baseline. No cases of hypoglycemia or other adverse events were registered during the entire study period. Conclusion. The analysis of indicators in 32 patients with type 2 diabetes who had a high level of HbA1c (over 9 %) against the background of dapagliflozin monotherapy allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to intensify the therapy by additionally prescribing a combination of metformin and glimepiride for achieving the target levels of HbA1c. Glucocentric and cardiocentric views on T2DM can be reconciled and integrated by using a combination therapy to address the different etiopathological features of the disease from the very beginning of treatment.

PRESCRIPTION COST ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DM AND HYPERTENSION JOINING CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (PROLANIS) AT PUSKESMAS AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE

To improve the status of public health and carry out social security programs in the health sector, the government started to implement the National Health Insurance. This program covers the participants’ medical care expenses using the capitation system applied in health centers as the First-Level Health Facilities. BPJS Kesehatan has allocated some budget in the form of a capitation rate to first-level health facilities for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the implementation of National Health Insurance. This research was carried out in 4 health centers, namely Lamper Tengah Health Center, Mangkang Health Center, Mijen Health Center, and Karanganyar Health Center. The data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 800 patients. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the prescription cost and Spearman's rho test was used to find the factors that influence the prescription cost. It was revealed that the average prescription cost for type 2 DM patients was IDR 142,293, and for hypertensive patients was IDR 112,735. The prescribing pattern in patients covered by Prolanis program for type 2 DM patients is a combination of glimepiride, metformin with a drug price of IDR 20,670. Factors that have an influence on prescription costs are diagnosis p= 0.033, type of drug (p= 0.000) and drug item (p= 0.000). This study concludes that the factors to influence the drug costs of Prolanis patients at the health centers of Semarang City were the patient's diagnosis, the type of drug given, and the number of drug items given.

A hospital-based assessment of glycemic control and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Eastern Nepal.

Poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes damage to various organs and leads to the development of disabling and life-threatening complications. To find out the prevalence of glycemic control and medication adherence (MA) and the factors affecting them. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM. The patients were categorized as good glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7.0%). MA was categorized as low (score <6), medium (score 6 or 7), and high (score 8). The Statistical Package for Social Science (version 11.5) was used for statistical analysis at a P value less than 0.05. Of 129 patients, 65 (50.39%) were females. The mean age was 48.33 ± 12.86 years. The combination of metformin and glimepiride was prescribed to 37 (28.68%) patients. Diabetic knowledge was poor in 84 (65.12%) patients. Glycemic control was good in 108 (83.72%) patients. MA was medium in 72 (55.81%) patients. Patients taking regular fruit, having shorter duration of drug therapy, and having good diabetic knowledge had good glycemic control and were statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Patients having family support, nonalcoholic, taking regular fruit, being involved in daily jogging, having shorter duration of drug therapy, and having good diabetic knowledge had high MA and were statistically significant (P value < 0.05). The majority of the diabetic patients had good glycemic control and medium MA. Patients taking regular fruit, being involved in daily jogging, having a shorter duration of drug therapy, and having good diabetic knowledge were identified as factors that affect both glycemic control and MA.

Profile of the Use of Type II Antidiabetic Drugs in RSUD Dr. Husni Thamrin Natal Medan, North Sumatra

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin it produces effectively. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the balance of blood sugar levels. (hyperglycemia). This research was conducted with a non-experimental descriptive method with a cross-sectional design that was carried out every month. Sampling was carried out in the internal medicine section of RSUD by Dr. Husni Thamrin Natal. Samples were taken retrospectively every month using secondary data, namely medical records of patients using oral antidiabetics (drugs) in the period from January to June 2019. The data obtained was presented in the form of table proportions and graphs. The results showed that the largest percentage of use of antidiabetic drugs was male, as many as 67 people (57.26%), over 50 years old, as many as 97 people (82.91%), and the type of work was self-employed for as many as 47 people (40, 17%). The most widely used antidiabetic drug groups are the biguanide groups (75.17%), the combination type of drug with a combination of metformin and glimepiride (93.33%), and the frequency of use of the drug metformin (74.15%). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the highest prevalence is in the male sex, and the average age is over 50 years. The pattern of prescribing antidiabetic drugs based on the most widely used drug class is the biguanide group, which is a combination of metformin and glimepiride types of drugs, and the frequency of drug use is metformin.

Effect Of SMEEDS Formulation Of Glimepiride In Combination With Boswellic Acid Extract In Diabetic Induced Rats To Mimic Diabetic Complications

The current study's objective was to examine the impact of Boswellic acid when combined with a novel glimepiride formulation. The impact on fasting blood glucose levels of the commercially available glimepiride formulation, Boswellic acid SMEDDS, and Glimepiride SMEEDS alone and in combination was examined for up to 120 minutes. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were measured for body weight, fasting blood glucose level, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and serum total proteins. At end of study, the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in kidney homogenate. By lowering blood glucose, safeguarding renal functions, and maintaining normal morphology, glimepiride and BSE SMEDDS therapy greatly decreased the pathogenic features of T2DN. The management of glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities may be related to the mechanism of action for this impact. This suggests that the unique combination being suggested will have a considerable effect on blood glutose levels and help to imitate long-term consequences of diabetes including nephropathy

PRESCRIPTION COST ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELITUS AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE

Chronic disease is a long-term health condition that requires on-going medical attention, and is classified as a non-communicable disease. The long-term medical treatment for chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension is considerably costly. This study aims to determine the real cost and pattern of drug prescribing as well as the factors affecting the real Prescription Cost for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus after the implementation of Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) as seen from the practice of Independent Physicial in collaboration with BPJS Kesehatan (Healthcare and Social Security Agency). This is a non-experimental (observational) study. The data were collected using purposive sampling method with 147 medical prescriptions as the research samples for each type of disease from the patient's medical record. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine Prescription Costs and spearman's rho test was used to determine the factors that influence Prescription Costs. The study revealed that the average Prescription Cost for type 2 DM patients was Rp17,806,- and Rp12,946 for hypertensive patients. Factors that affected Prescription Cost were diagnosis (p= 0.026), type of medicine (p= 0.000) and drug items (p= 0.000). This study concludes that patients with diabetes mellitus were treated with the drug prescription pattern of a combination of metformin and glimepiride, while patients with hypertension were provided with amlodipine. The real Prescription Cost is influenced by several factors, including; the patient's diagnosis, the type of drug given and the number of drug items provided to patients.

Prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs and adherence to the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) 2021 treatment guidelines among patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

Glycemic control is the major therapeutic objective in diabetes. Poor glycemic control in diabetes mellitus can be prevented by using rational use of anti-diabetic medication, which needs to be evaluated for effectiveness by prescription pattern studies. The objective of this study was to assess the prescribing pattern and adherence to the American Diabetic Association's (ADA) treatment guidelines in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Uttarakhand, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 type 2 diabetic patients who were prescribed anti-diabetic therapy. Patient's demographic details and drugs prescribed, with their dosage, were recorded to study the prescription pattern. Oral anti-diabetic drugs were most commonly prescribed in 149 (72.33%) type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Five of these patients (3.35%) were on metformin monotherapy, whereas majority of patients (81, 54.36%) were on a fixed dose combination of Glimepiride (SU) + Metformin (MET). Forty-five patients (30.20%) were on MET + Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4I) combination; 5 (3.35%) were on MET + SU + alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) combination; 7 (4.69%) were on MET + SU + Pioglitazone (PIO) (Thiazolidinediones) combination; 6 (4.02%) were on sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) and 57 (27.66%) were on insulin therapy. Out of 206 patients, the prescriptions of 185 patients (89.8%) were adherent and of 21 patients (10.19%) were not adhering to ADA 2021 treatment guidelines. Oral anti-diabetic agents predominate the prescribing pattern practices for type 2 DM but there was a shift in trend towards the use of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) in the management of type 2 DM, and majority of prescriptions were adherent to ADA treatment guidelines.

Side Effects Evaluation of the Use of Metformin and Glimepiride Combination In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients

The combination of metformin and glimepiride can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, and HbA1c levels. Side effects that often occur in the use of metformin are gastrointestinal disturbances. This study aims to determine the side effects of using a combination of metformin and glimepiride in outpatient type 2 diabetes mellitus at a hospital in Gianyar. This research is an observational research and data collection is done with a cross sectional approach and analyzed using descriptive methods. Data was taken by looking at the patient's medical record, including name, medical record number, gender, age, drugs given, patient diagnosis, and patient complaints during therapy. Sampling used purposive sampling technique with a total of 70 patients who entered the inclusion criteria. The results show that the number of women (62.86%). The most age range suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus is 56-65 years (52.86%). The highest percentage of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a basic education level (40.00%). The side effects obtained from the combination of metformin and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the hospital were nausea and vomiting (31.43%), flatulence (25.71%), fatigue (17.14%), headache (15.72%), and hypoglycemia (10.00%).

Drug Utilization and Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in the Endocrinology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital

The objective of the study was to assess the drug utilization pattern and pharmacoeconomic evaluation of oral hypoglycemic agents in a tertiary care hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted among 153 diabetic patients above 18 years who visited the endocrinology outpatient department for 6 months, and who were prescribed at least one oral hypoglycemic agent. Cost-effectiveness was calculated using the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio. Drug utilization pattern of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents monotherapy showed that Metformin was utilized more in that hospital (n=35). Among combination therapy, Glimepiride + Metformin combination was prescribed the most (n=66). The average number of drugs per encounter was 5.88. 18.2% of drugs were prescribed by generic name. 17.64 of drugs encounter with an antibiotic. 13.07% of drug encounters with injections. 55.82% of drugs were prescribed from the Essential Drug List. Among the diabetes population, Metformin was the most utilized drug, followed by Vildagliptin, and Glimepiride + Metformin combination was utilized most. Overall, the prescribing trend of drugs was found to be irrational. Cost-effectiveness analysis found that Glimepiride 1 mg was the cost-effective drug, and also found that the combination of Glimepiride 0.5mg+ Metformin 500 mg was the cost-effective hypoglycemic agent.

Expert Consensus on Triple Combination of Glimepiride, Metformin, and Voglibose Usage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Settings

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease affecting a huge chunk of the population globally. Aim: This study aimed to address the existing gaps in knowledge about the triple-drug combination and to provide guidance to the clinicians on the triple-drug combination in Indian settings. Materials and Methods: Doctors’ opinions (n = 2262) were recorded based on surveys and round table meetings. The National Expert Group approved a standard questionnaire that included 13 questions pertaining to T2DM management using a triple combination of glimepiride, metformin, and voglibose, which were prepared, discussed, and evaluated by the experts. After due discussions, the expert group analyzed the result and further recommendations were made and a consensus statement was derived. Results: Out of 2262, 1498 were consulting physicians, 358 were diabetologists, 93 were endocrinologists, 104 were cardiologists, and 209 were family physicians with focus on diabetes practice or had more than 10 years of experience from different regions from India. A strong consensus was observed for targeting postprandial hyperglycemia in the management of T2DM, which may reduce cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. The experts opined that meal pattern was the major factor affecting glycemic variability. The experts recommended early use of triple combination as it improves glycemic control (early aggressive control, beyond three oral drugs are on no benefit, ingrained). More than 90.0% of clinicians believed that this combination is cost-effective. Most agreed (32.0%) that this combination moderately reduces body weight. Additionally, it was felt that triple combination in patients with T2DM is also beneficial during Ramadan. Conclusion: In the present expert opinion-based consensus, most of the healthcare providers believed that triple-drug combination can potentially improve glycemic control and can delay/postpone the microvascular and CV complications. However, more multicentric studies are needed to support these recommendations.

A Cross-sectional Study on the Development of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Diabetic cardiovascular complication is a familiar macrovascular complication of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality for people with diabetes.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters related to diabetic cardiovascular complication in patients with T2DM.&#x0D; Methodology: This study was conducted on 530 subjects (171 with or 359 without diabetic cardiovascular complication). Prevalence of diabetic cardiovascular complication was measured, risk factors for diabetic cardiovascular complications, and drug utilization pattern was assessed.&#x0D; Results: Cardiovascular complication was significantly higher in the subjects who are poorly educated, nature of work (house wives) and risk factors were pre-existing conditions (Hypertension, Cardiac, endocrine and other diseases), habit of smoking (past smoker), tea/coffee (twice without sugar), poor glycemic control, elevated triglyceride levels, elevated creatinine levels, duration of diabetes (5-10 years; &gt;10 years).&#x0D; Conclusion: Combination of Glimepiride and Metformin (35.10%), Metformin (34.04%), combination of insulin isophane and insulin regular (23.40%), Insulin Regular (11.70%) were the anti-diabetic drugs widely prescribed to the T2DM patients with cardiovascular complications. Significant risk factors for development of diabetic cardiovascular complication were multiple.