CO Recombination Research Articles

Stabilizing Halogen-Bonded Complex between Metallic Anion and Iodide.

Halogen bonds (XBs) between metal anions and halides have seldom been reported because metal anions are reactive for XB donors. The pyramidal-shaped Mn(CO)5- anion is a candidate metallic XB acceptor with a ligand-protected metal core that maintains the negative charge and an open site to accept XB donors. Herein, Mn(CO)5- is prepared by electrospray ionization, and its reaction with CH3I in gas phase is studied using mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The product observed experimentally at m/z = 337 is assigned as [IMn(CO)4(OCCH3)]-, which is formed by successive nucleophilic substitution and reductive elimination, instead of the halogen-bonded complex (XC) CH3-I···Mn(CO)5-, because the I···Mn interaction is weak within XC and it could be a transient species. Inspiringly, DFT calculations predict that replacing CH3I with CF3I can strengthen the halogen bonding within the XC due to the electro-withdrawing ability of F. More importantly, in so doing, the nucleophilic substitution barrier can be raised significantly, ~30 kcal/mol, thus leaving the system trapping within the XC region. In brief, the combination of a passivating metal core and the introduction of an electro-withdrawing group to the halide can enable strong halogen bonding between metallic anion and iodide.

Visual analysis of the acupoint prescription characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Using the complex network technology, the characteristics of the core acupoint prescriptions and the application of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques were analyzed in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so as to provide the evidences for acupoint selection and therapeutic methods for RA treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. The articles of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of RA in recent 20 years were collated and imported, and the database of the acupoint prescriptions was developed. Using Cytoscape 3.9.2 software, the acupoints in the prescriptions were visualized for the common occurrence network analysis. The association rule analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software and the complex network analysis was by Gephi 0.9.2 software. A total of 798 articles were screened, in which, 3 258 prescriptions were extracted with 253 acupoints involved. The analysis of acupoint selection was conducted in terms of syndrome/pattern differentiation, acupoint locations and main acupoints, and therapeutic methods. The results showed that the most common TCM syndromes of RA included painful bi syndrome, wandering bi syndrome, fixed bi syndrome and bi syndrome due to wind, damp and heat. Regarding the core combination of acupoints, painful bi syndrome: Guanyuan (CV 4) and Shenshu (BL 23); fixed bi syndrome: Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Pishu (BL 20) and Fenglong (ST 40); wandering bi syndrome: Fengchi (GB 20), Geshu (BL 17), Fengmen (BL 12), Xuehai (SP 10) and Waiguan (TE 5); bi syndrome due to wind, damp and heat: Dazhui (GV 14), Quchi (LI 11) and Hegu (LI 4). Regarding the acupoint locations, the acupoints located in the upper limbs, lower limbs and spinal region were generally selected. Quchi (LI 11) was one of the main acupoints in prescriptions with the highest use frequency. Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenshu (BL 23) presented the highest co-occurrence intensity, while Zusanli (ST 36) and Quchi (LI 11) indicated the highest correlation. The treatment of acupuncture-moxibustion for RA is generally complied with the principle as "the synthesis of main acupoints, supplementary acupoints in local affected area and those based on syndrome differentiation". Warm needling and the combination of acupuncture and herbal medication are the most common therapeutic methods for RA.

Reservoir quality investigation by combination of core measured data and NMR technique analysis: a case study of Asmari carbonate reservoir in Gachsaran field

Reservoir quality investigation by combination of core measured data and NMR technique analysis: a case study of Asmari carbonate reservoir in Gachsaran field

Relation Between Coronary Plaque Composition Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound Virtual Histology and Myocardial Ischemia Assessed by Quantitative Flow Ratio

Coronary plaque composition may play an important role in the induction of myocardial ischemia. Our objective was to further clarify the relation between coronary plaque composition and myocardial ischemia in patients with chest pain symptoms. The study population consisted of 103 patients who presented to the outpatient clinic or emergency department with chest pain symptoms and were referred for diagnostic invasive coronary angiography. Intravascular ultrasound virtual histology was used for the assessment of coronary plaque composition. A noncalcified plaque was defined as a combination of necrotic core and fibrofatty tissue. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR), which is a coronary angiography-based technique used to calculate fractional flow reserve without the need for hyperemia induction or for a pressure wire, was used as the reference standard for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia. Coronary artery plaques with QFR of ≤0.80 were considered abnormal-that is, ischemia-generating. In total, 149 coronary plaques were analyzed, 21 of which (14%) were considered abnormal according to QFR. The percentage of noncalcified tissue was significantly higher in plaques with abnormal QFR (38.2 ± 6.5% vs 33.1 ± 9.0%, p=0.014). After univariable analysis, both plaque load (odds ratio [OR] per 1% increase 1.081, p <0.001) and the percentage of noncalcified tissue (OR per 1% increase 1.070, p=0.020) were significantly associated with reduced QFR. However, after multivariable analysis, only plaque load remained significantly associated with abnormal QFR (OR per 1% increase 1.072, p <0.001). In conclusion, the noncalcified plaque area was significantly higher in hemodynamically significant coronary lesions than in nonsignificant lesions. Although an increase in the noncalcified plaque area was significantly associated with a reduced QFR, this association lost significance after adjustment for localized plaque load.

Meddies and Their Sea Surface Expressions: Observations and Theory

Abstract The sea surface expressions of Mediterranean Water eddies, known as “meddies,” are observed in satellite data, and their main characteristics are measured. Satellite altimeter observations of surface expressions are detected over the meddies observed in situ using the MEDTRANS meddy dataset (1950–2013). In this study 209 observed meddy cores in the North Atlantic Ocean, selected over the period of the 22 years of sea surface height measurements with satellite altimetry (1993–2013), were analyzed. Results show relatively good agreement between the theoretical estimates of the meddy surface signals as reported by Bashmachnikov and Carton and the measured surface expressions. It was found that, on average, the theoretical results underestimate the measured sea surface elevations of the meddy surface expressions by a factor of 2. Although the variability of the measured expressions is reasonably well described by the combination of meddy core and the ocean background parameters of the theoretical expression, we cannot define a single individual parameter of the meddy core, which chiefly shapes the magnitude of the meddy surface signal. Interestingly, the overall distribution of characteristics of meddy surface expressions in the Atlantic shows that the sea level anomalies formed by meddies intensify westward, growing both in magnitude and radius. This opposes the expected theoretical decrease of meddy surface signals due to a known progressive decay of the meddy cores with distance from their generation region at the Iberian continental slope. This observed tendency is attributed to meddy interaction with the upper-ocean currents and other eddies (in particular in the region of the North Atlantic Current and Azores Current) that are not considered by the theory.

Identifying core strategies and mechanisms for spreading a national medicines optimisation programme across England—a mixed-method study applying qualitative thematic analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis

BackgroundAchieving widespread adoption of innovations across health systems remains a challenge. Past efforts have focused on identifying and classifying strategies to actively support innovation spread (replicating an innovation across sites), but we lack an understanding about the mechanisms which such strategies draw on to deliver successful spread outcomes. There is also no established methodology to identify core strategies or mechanisms which could be replicated with fidelity in new contexts when spreading innovations. We aimed to understand which strategies and mechanisms are connected with successful spread using the case of a national medicines optimisation programme in England.MethodsThe study applied a comparative mixed-method case study approach. We compared spread activity in 15 Academic Health Science Networks (AHSN) in England, applied to one innovation case, Transfers of Care Around Medicines (TCAM). We followed two methodological steps: (1) qualitative thematic analysis of primary data collected from 18 interviews with AHSN staff members to identify the strategies and mechanisms and related contextual determinants and (2) Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) combining secondary quantitative data on spread outcome and qualitative themes from step 1 to identify the core strategies and mechanisms.ResultsWe identified six common spread strategy-mechanism constructs that AHSNs applied to spread the TCAM national spread programme: (1) the unique intermediary position of the AHSN as “honest broker” and local networking organisation, (2) the right capacity and position of the spread facilitator, (3) an intersectoral and integrated stakeholder engagement approach, (4) the dynamic marriage of the innovation with local health and care system needs and characteristics, (5) the generation of local evidence, and (6) the timing of TCAM. The QCA resulted in the core strategy/mechanism of a timely start into the national spread programme in combination with the employment of a local, senior pharmacist as an AHSN spread facilitator.ConclusionsBy qualitatively comparing experiences of spreading one innovation across different contexts, we identified common strategies, causal mechanisms, and contextual determinants. The QCA identified one core combination of two strategies/mechanisms. The identification of core strategies/mechanisms and common pre-conditional and mediating contextual determinants of a specific innovation offers spread facilitators and implementers a priority list for tailoring spread activities.

Attractive N−ϕ interaction and two-pion tail from lattice QCD near physical point

First results on the interaction between the $\ensuremath{\phi}$-meson and the nucleon ($N$) are presented based on the ($2+1$)-flavor lattice QCD simulations with nearly physical quark masses. Using the HAL QCD method, the spacetime correlation of the $N\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\phi}$ system in the spin $3/2$ channel is converted into the $N\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\phi}$ scattering phase shift through the interaction potential. The $N\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\phi}$ potential appears to be a combination of a short-range attractive core and a long-range attractive tail. The latter is found to be consistent with the two-pion exchange (TPE) obtained from the interaction between a color-dipole and the nucleon. The resultant scattering length and effective range for ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=146.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ are ${a}_{0}^{(3/2)}=\ensuremath{-}1.43(23{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}({{\text{ }}_{\ensuremath{-}06}^{+36})}_{\mathrm{syst}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$ and ${r}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{(3/2)}=2.36(10{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}{({\text{ }}_{\ensuremath{-}48}^{+02})}_{\mathrm{syst}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, respectively. The magnitude of the scattering length is shown to have nontrivial dependence of ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ and is sensitive to the existence of the long-range tail from TPE.

Magnetically Recyclable Ag@Fe2O3 Core-shell Nanostructured Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole

Background: Nanocatalysts exhibit several applications in the synthesis of many industrially important organic compounds. They manifest fascinating physical and chemical properties which can be exploited in their catalytic applications. Method: A magnetically recyclable Ag@Fe2O3 core-shell structured nanocatalyst was synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer etc. Nanocatalyst was found to be a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles via one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes and 1, 2-phenylenediamine, and 2-aminothiophenol. Results: Fe2O3 nanocatalyst provides rapid conversion of the substrate into the desired product at room temperature within just 5-18 min in the presence of C2H5OH with good to excellent yield. The combination of Ag core with magnetic Fe2O3 shell improves efficiency, stability, magnetic recovery, and reusability compared to the individual nanoparticles. Conclusion: The synthetic protocol is featured high yield, mild conditions, and simple work-up. Magnetic recovery of the catalyst from reaction systems and its reusability for several runs without loss of catalytic activity are additional advantages.

Recent advancements of photo- and electro-active hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks

The development of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with predictable topologies and robust structures for targeted functionality was initially hindered by the relatively weak H-bonding interactions as many HOFs would collapse upon guest solvent removal. Recently, the design of tectons with large π-conjugated systems that form intermolecular shape-fitted π–π stacking interactions has proven to be an effective strategy to create chemically and thermally stable HOFs. More importantly, these HOFs with large π-conjugated tectons exhibit accelerated redox hopping processes due to more favorable through-space orbital overlap interactions. These intrinsic photoelectric properties render HOFs an appealing and unique class of photoactive and electroactive porous materials for catalysis, sensing, and biomedical applications. Based on shape-fitted π–π stacking strategy, various robust photoactive and electroactive HOFs have been built from tectons containing both photosensitive or redox-active organic cores and hydrogen bonding sites. This review summarizes the recent advancements, including synthetic methods and diverse applications, in the development of photo- and electro-active HOFs. Considering the numerous photo- and electro-active organic units available, as well as the virtually unlimited potential combinations of organic cores and hydrogen bonding sites, we anticipate that this review will inspire scientists in a range of disciplines, ranging from porous materials to organic photoelectric materials and catalysis scientists, to further explore functional photo- and electro-active HOF materials.

EDNA Reveals the Associated Metazoan Diversity of Mediterranean Seagrass Sediments

Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems have led to a decline of biodiversity across the oceans, threatening invaluable ecosystem services on which we depend. Ecological temporal data to track changes in diversity are relatively rare, and the few long-term datasets that exist often only date back a few decades or less. Here, we use eDNA taken from dated sediment cores to investigate changes over approximately the last 100 years of metazoan communities in native (Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica) and exotic (Halophila stipulacea) seagrass meadows within the eastern Mediterranean Sea, at two locations in Greece and two in Cyprus. Overall, metazoan communities showed a high turnover of taxa during the past century, where losses of individual taxa in a seagrass meadow were compensated by the arrival of new taxa, probably due to the arrival of exotic species introduced in the Mediterranean Sea from the Suez Canal or the Gibraltar Strait. Specifically, bony fishes (Class Actinopteri) and soft corals (Class Anthozoa) presented significantly higher richness in the past (before the 1980s) than in the most recent time periods (from 1980–2017) and some Cnidarian orders were solely found in the past, whereas sponges and Calanoids (Class Hexanauplia), an order of copepods, showed an increase in richness since the 1980s. Moreover, the Phyla Porifera, Nematoda and the Classes Staurozoa, Hydrozoa and Ophiuroidea were detected in P. oceanica meadows but not in C. nodosa and H. stipulacea, which led to P. oceanica meadows having twice the richness of other seagrasses. The greater richness resulted from the more complex habitat provided by P. oceanica. The combination of eDNA and sediment cores allowed us to reconstruct temporal patterns of metazoan community diversity and provides a novel approach to follow natural communities back in time in the absence of time series and baseline data. The ongoing loss of P. oceanica meadows, likely to be compounded with future warming, might lead to a major loss of biodiversity and the replacement by other seagrass species, whether native or exotic, does not compensate for the loss.

Molecular mechanism of vitiligo treatment by bailing tablet based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Background:Bailing tablet, a patent Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat vitiligo in China. However, the underlying mechanism of this combined drug in treating vitiligo still remains unclear.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of bailing tablet in the prevention and treatment of vitiligo using network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:Genetic data of vitiligo and normal people were obtained by gene expression omnibus (GEO) DataSets database and GEO difference analysis was conducted to obtain differential genes. The main active compounds and corresponding target genes of bailing tablet were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Combined with the results of GEO difference analysis, the main compounds and corresponding target genes of bailing tablet in the treatment of vitiligo were screened. The network diagram of “traditional Chinese medicine compound target” was constructed by Cytoscape software. According to the differential genes, the core targets with potential therapeutic effect were searched, the protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and the key proteins were explored by topological analysis (CytoNCA). Meanwhile, the core targets were analyzed by biological process (gene ontology) and signal pathway (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) function enrichment. Molecular docking technology was adopted to verify the combination of main components and core targets.Results:A total of 170 active compounds and 1777 prediction targets were screened from 11 traditional Chinese medicines of bailing tablet, of which 65 active components and 68 related prediction targets were closely related to vitiligo. A total of 320 key proteins were obtained by analyzing the topological characteristics of the protein–protein interaction network, mainly including neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1, tumor protein P53, cullin 3, estrogen receptor 1, etc. The main biological processes involve oxidative stress response, cell response to reactive oxygen species, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Bailing tablet treats vitiligo mainly by regulating immune inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy, which involves phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase Akt signal pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway, Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription signal pathway, melanin production, and helper T cell (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that the main components could bind to the target protein well.Conclusions:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, the mechanism of bailing tablet in the treatment of vitiligo through multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel was deeply explored.

Integrating Energy-Optimizing Scheduling of Moldable Streaming Tasks with Design Space Exploration for Multiple Core Types on Configurable Platforms

Design space exploration of a configurable, heterogeneous system for a given application with required throughput searches for a combination of cores or softcores with different architectures that can be accommodated within the given ASIC or FPGA area and that achieves the required throughput and optimizes power consumption. For a soft real-time streaming application, modeled as a task graph with internally parallelizable streaming tasks, this requires assigning a core type and quantity and DVFS frequency level to each task, which implies task runtime and energy consumption, and mapping and scheduling the tasks, such that the throughput requirement is met. We tightly integrate such static scheduling for stream processing applications with design space exploration of the best heterogeneous core combination, and solve the resulting combined optimization problem by an integer linear program (ILP). We evaluate our solution for different numbers of core types on synthetic and application-based task graphs, and demonstrate improvements of up to 34.8% for ARM big and LITTLE cores, and 70.5% for 3 different core types.

Self-supported nickel iron selenide@nickel cobalt boride core-shell nanosheets electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors

Optimizing the electrode structure and interface is a promising approach to achieve high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors. In this study, a core–shell heterostructure based on crystalline nickel iron selenide (NiSe2-Fe3Se4) and amorphous nickel cobalt boride (NiCoB) is for the first time in-situ fabricated on carbon cloth substrate though a hydrothermal approach, a selenization process, followed by a chemical precipitation method. In this well-defined hybrid material (denoted as NiSe2-Fe3Se4@NiCoB), the close combination of NiSe2-Fe3Se4 nanosheets core and NiCoB nanosheets shell results in a large specific surface area with rich open channels, and numerous crystalline/amorphous interfaces with regulated electronic structure. Owing to its unique hierarchical pore architecture and synergistic effect of dual battery-type materials, the resultant NiSe2-Fe3Se4@NiCoB electrode displays a specific capacity of 887.0C g−1 at 1 A g−1, wonderful rate retention (71.3% at 20 A g−1), and good cycling stability (86.4% after 5000cycles). Additionally, the assembled NiSe2-Fe3Se4@NiCoB//porous carbon asymmetric supercapacitor illustrates a remarkable energy density of 72.7 Wh kg−1 at 710.7 W kg−1, and exceptional cycling life with capacity retention of 91.1% over 20,000cycles.

Pharmacological mechanisms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

BackgroundMore and more evidence indicates sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) may display clinical benefits for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the mechanisms of the action remain unclear.MethodsA systematic pharmacology-based strategy was applied for predicting the potential molecular mechanisms of SGLT2is in HFpEF. The potential targets of SGLT2is and HFpEF were contained from diverse databases. After networks were constructed, Metascape was applied to functional enrichment. Moreover, the key findings were validated through molecular docking.ResultsWe obtained 487 SGLT2is related targets and 1505 HFpEF related targets. The networks showed the complex relationship of HFpEF-target-HFpEF. The results of functional enrichment analysis suggested that several biological processes, including muscle system process, inflammatory response, vasculature development, heart development, regulation of MAPK cascade, positive regulation of ion transport, negative regulation of cell population proliferation, cellular response to nitrogen compound, apoptotic signaling pathway, multicellular organismal homeostasis, response to oxidative stress, regulation of cell adhesion, positive regulation of cell death, response to growth factor, and cellular response to lipid, and signaling pathways, such as cardiomyopathy, cAMP signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Finally, we validated the interactions and combinations of SGLT2is and core targets.ConclusionSGLT2is play the potential role of anti-HFpEF through the direct or indirect synergy of multiple targets and pathways. Our study promotes the explanation of the molecular mechanisms of SGLT2is in HFpEF.

Combination of Acupoints for Alzheimer's Disease: An Association Rule Analysis.

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an ongoing neurological degeneration characterized by amnesia and a decline in cognitive abilities. Hippocampal neurogenesis is the leading cause of AD. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal state of AD, is mainly due to the degradation of neuropsychiatric manifestations. Previous systematic reviews demonstrated that treatment with acupuncture with Chinese herbs is tolerable and effective in improving cognitive function in patients with AD. Our investigation aimed to discover the main acupoint combination for AD management based on a preceding systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs).Materials and MethodsOur investigation was executed using association rule analysis, which is a common data mining technique accessible within R. Our study elucidated acupoint locations as binary data from 15 of the included studies using the Apriori algorithm.ResultsThirty-two acupoints were selected from 15 RCTs. The 10 most frequent acupoints were selected. We inspected 503 association rules using the interpreted acupuncture data. The obtained results showed that {SP6, BI10} ≥ {HT7} and {HT7, BI10} ≥ {SP6} were the most associated rules in 15 RCTs.ConclusionThe combination of acupoints ({SP6, BI10} ≥ {HT7} and {HT7, BI10} ≥ {SP6}) can be acknowledged as a core combination for future acupuncture regimens of AD.

Rational nanostructured FeSe2 wrapped in nitrogen-doped carbon shell for high-rate capability and long cycling sodium-ion storage

Transition metal selenides (TMSs) have drawn substantial attention as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) on account oftheir rapid reaction kinetics and high reversible capacity. However, the undesirable capacity decay and inferior rate performance still hamper their large-scale application. Herein, an anode material comprising combination of olivary nanostructure FeSe2 core and nitrogen-doped carbon shell (designated as FeSe2@NC) is well designed by in-situ polymerization and selenization method. The well-designed nitrogen-doped carbon shell can not only alleviate the volume variation during the electrode cycling but also provide an optimized ion/electron transport pathway. The resulting FeSe2@NC electrodes exhibit a superior rate capability of 228.4 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1 and a long cycling performance of 246.5 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, which can be assigned to the enhanced structural integrity and improved electrical conductivity. The strategy would present a promising thought for structure design of TMSs as anode materials, which could enhance high-rate and long-lasting cycle performances for SIBs.

(PNSiMe3)4(NMe)6: A Robust Tetravalent Phosphaza‐adamantane Scaffold for Molecular and Macromolecular Construction**

AbstractTetraarylmethanes and adamantanes are important rigid covalent connectors that play a four‐way scaffolding role in molecular and materials chemistry. We report the synthesis of a new tetravalent phosphaza‐adamantane cage, (PNSiMe3)4(NMe)6 (2), that shows high thermal, air, and redox stability due to its geometry. It nevertheless participates in covalent four‐fold functionalization reactions along its periphery. The combination of a robust core and reactive corona makes 2 a convenient inorganic scaffold upon which tetrahedral molecular and macromolecular chemistry can be constructed. This potential is demonstrated by the synthesis of a tetrakis(bis(phosphine)iminium) ion (in compound 3) and the first all P/N poly(phosphazene) network (5).

(PNSiMe3 )4 (NMe)6 : A Robust Tetravalent Phosphaza-adamantane Scaffold for Molecular and Macromolecular Construction.

Tetraarylmethanes and adamantanes are important rigid covalent connectors that play a four-way scaffolding role in molecular and materials chemistry. We report the synthesis of a new tetravalent phosphaza-adamantane cage, (PNSiMe3 )4 (NMe)6 (2), that shows high thermal, air, and redox stability due to its geometry. It nevertheless participates in covalent four-fold functionalization reactions along its periphery. The combination of a robust core and reactive corona makes 2 a convenient inorganic scaffold upon which tetrahedral molecular and macromolecular chemistry can be constructed. This potential is demonstrated by the synthesis of a tetrakis(bis(phosphine)iminium) ion (in compound 3) and the first all P/N poly(phosphazene) network (5).

Study of High Polarized Nanostructure Light-Emitting Diode

In this study, we investigated the characteristic difference between the two different configurations of the three-dimensional shell–core nanorod LED. We achieve a degree of polarization of 0.545 for tip-free core–shell nanorod LED and 0.188 for tip core–shell nanorod LED by combining the three-dimensional (3D) structure LED with photonic crystal. The ability of low symmetric modes generated by photonic crystals to enhance degree of polarization has been demonstrated through simulations of photonic crystals. In addition, light confinement in GaN-based nanorod structures is induced by total internal reflection at the GaN/air interface. The combination of 3D core–shell nanorod LED and photonic crystals cannot only produce a light source with a high degree of polarization, but also a narrow divergence angle up to 56°. These 3D LEDs may pave the way for future novel optoelectronic components.

An efficient and robust chain-mail electrocatalyst Ni2P @ g-C3N4 for oxygen evolution in alkaline solution

The development of an efficient, durable and inexpensive catalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting is a daunting challenge and has attracted the interest of a large number of researchers. In this study, a novel oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) layers encapsulated with Ni2P nanoflowers (Ni2P @ g-C3N4) is synthesized, which exhibits low overpotentials of 237 mV for OER at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability. The combination of the reactive Ni2P core and the chain-mail material is an important reason for the excellent electrocatalytic performance. The robust g-C3N4 chain-mail protects the internal transition metal phosphides (TMPs) core from the harsh reaction environment, and well balances the catalytic activity and stability. As the core of the catalyst, the encapsulated Ni2P nanoflower core can transport electrons to the surface of the chain-mail layer. Our work demonstrates an efficient and robust Ni-based chain-mail electrocatalyst and provides a novel prospect for the development of the electrocatalyst.