Combination Of Body Mass Index Research Articles

Relationship of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Risk of New-Onset Proteinuria in Hypertensive Patients.

The association of the combination of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of proteinuria has previously not been comprehensively investigated and results have been inconclusive. To examine BMI and WC in relation to new-onset proteinuria in Chinese hypertensive patients. Post hoc analysis of the renal substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). 10 805 hypertensive patients without proteinuria at baseline. The primary outcome was new-onset proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick protein reading ≥ 1 + at the exit visit, after a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years. When analyzed separately, increased BMI (≥ 28 kg/m2, quartile 4; odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.72), or increased WC (≥ 91cm for females, quartile 4; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.80; and ≥ 79 cm for males, quartile 2-4; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.50) were each significantly associated with higher risk of new-onset proteinuria. When analyzed jointly, participants without increased BMI and increased WC had the lowest risk, while those with both increased BMI and increased WC had the highest risk of proteinuria (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.21-2.13). Notably, participants with only increased WC also had significantly increased risk of proteinuria (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.85). In Chinese hypertensive patients, increased BMI and increased WC were individually and jointly associated with a higher risk of new-onset proteinuria, underscoring the value of monitoring both BMI and WC in assessing proteinuria risk.

Cross-sectional study of associations between normal body weight with central obesity and hyperuricemia in Japan

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. However, the relationship between NWCO and hyperuricemia has not been studied in detail.MethodsWe investigated the association between NWCO and hyperuricemia among Japanese adults aged 40–64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations between April 2013 and March 2014. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and central obesity was determined as a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. We classified the participants into the following groups based according to having obesity and central obesity: normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) without (NW; WHtR < 0.5) and with (NWCO) central obesity, and obesity without (OB) and with (OBCO) central obesity. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid > 7.0 and ≥ 6.0 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, or under medical treatment for hyperuricemia. Alcohol intake was classified as yes (daily and occasional consumption) and none (no alcohol consumption). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model.ResultsWe analyzed data derived from 96,863 participants (69,241 men and 27,622 women). The prevalences of hyperuricemia in men and women were respectively, 21.4 and 11.0%, and of participants with NWCO respectively 15.6 and 30.0%. The adjusted OR for hyperuricemia was significantly increased in OBCO compared with NW, regardless of sex (men: OR, 2.12; 95%CI; 2.03–2.21; women: OR, 3.54; 95%CI, 3.21–3.90) and were statistically significant in NWCO compared with NW (men: OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.36–1.52; women: OR, 1.41; 95%CI, 1.27–1.57). The results were similar regardless of alcohol consumption.ConclusionsWe found that NWCO and OBCO were associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Middle-aged Japanese adults with normal weight but having central obesity should be screened using a combination of BMI and WHtR and educated about how to prevent hyperuricemia.

Predictive value of body mass index combined with waist circumference for new-onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To investigate the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) combined with waist circumference (WC) for new-onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 3501 T2DM patients without NAFLD recruited from the staff of Kailuan Company, who underwent routine physical examination in the year 2006 and 2007, and a total of 2920 subjects were included in the final analysis. According to the baseline BMI and WC, the subjects were divided into group A (with normal BMI and WC), group B (with normal BMI but elevated WC), group C (with elevated BMI but a normal WC) and group D (with elevated BMI and WC). The subjects in the 4 groups were followed for the occurrence of NAFLD by reviewing their reports of physical examinations during the periods of 2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014-2015 and 2016-2017. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD was compared across the 4 groups and Cox regression analysis was used to test the correlation of BMI and WC with new onset of NAFLD. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD increased progressively in the 4 groups (50%, 66%, 68% and 77%, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that compared with group A, groups B, C and D had increased risks of NAFLD after adjusting for age, gender and other risk factors, with HR values of 1.62, 1.98 and 2.47, respectively. Elevated BMI and WC are both independent risk factors for NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients, and the combination of BMI and WC has a greater predictive value for NAFLD than either of them alone.

Changes in Obesity Phenotype Distribution in Mixed-ancestry South Africans in Cape Town Between 2008/09 and 2014/16.

Background: The concept of obesity phenotypes encompasses a different approach to evaluating the relationship between obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. Considering the minimal research on obesity phenotypes in Africa, we investigated these changes from 2008/09 to 2014/16 in the mixed ancestry population in Cape Town, South Africa.Methods: In all, 928 (2008/09) and 1969 (2014/16) ≥20 year old participants were included in two community-based cross-sectional studies. For obesity phenotype classification, a combination of body mass index (BMI) categories and prevalent cardiometabolic disease risk factors were used, with the presence of ≥2 cardiometabolic abnormalities defining abnormal metabolic status. Interaction tests were used to investigate changes in their distribution across the years of study.Results: Distribution of BMI categories differed significantly between the 2 years; normal weight, overweight and obese: 27.4, 27.4, and 45.3% in 2008/09 vs. 34.2, 23.6, and 42.2% in 2014/16 (p = 0.001). There was no differential effect in the distribution of obesity phenotypes pattern across the two time-points (interaction p = 0.126). Across BMI categories, levels of cardiometabolic risk factors linearly deteriorated in both metabolically healthy and abnormal participants (all p ≤ 0.018 for linear trends). Findings were not sensitive to the number of metabolic abnormalities included in the definition of obesity phenotypes.Conclusions: Our study showed negligible differences in obesity phenotypes over time, but a high burden of metabolic abnormalities among normal weight participants, and a significant proportion of metabolically health obese individuals. Further investigation is needed to improve risk stratification and cost-effective identification of individuals at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases.

Association of Normal-Weight Central Obesity With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Postmenopausal Women

Current public health guidelines for obesity prevention and control focus on promoting a normal body mass index (BMI), rarely addressing central obesity, which is reflected by high waist circumference (WC) and common in the general population. Studies of the association of normal-weight central obesity with long-term health outcomes are sparse. To examine associations of normal-weight central obesity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in postmenopausal women in the United States. A nationwide prospective cohort study of 156 624 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative at 40 clinical centers in the United States between 1993 and 1998. These women were observed through February 2017. Data analysis was performed from September 15, 2017, to March 13, 2019. Different combinations of BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; normal weight: BMI, 18.5-24.9; overweight: BMI, 25.0-29.9; and obesity: BMI, ≥30) and WC (normal: WC, ≤88 cm and high: WC, >88 cm). Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Of the 156 624 women (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [7.2] years), during 2 811 187 person-years of follow-up, 43 838 deaths occurred, including 12 965 deaths from cardiovascular disease (29.6%) and 11 828 deaths from cancer (27.0%). Compared with women with normal weight and no central obesity and adjusted for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and hormone use, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.20-1.42) among women with normal weight and central obesity, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94) among women with overweight and no central obesity, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.13-1.20) for women with overweight and central obesity, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94) for women with obesity and no central obesity, and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.27-1.34) for women with obesity and central obesity. Compared with normal weight without central obesity, normal-weight central obesity was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.46) and cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43). Normal-weight central obesity in women was associated with excess risk of mortality, similar to that of women with BMI-defined obesity with central obesity. These findings underscore the need for future public health guidelines to include the prevention and control of central obesity, even in individuals with normal BMI.

Patient-dependent risk factors for self-perceived leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty.

Patients with equal objective leg length discrepancy (LLD) may have different subjective perceptions of this condition. Our aim was to analyze the effects of gender, age, operated side, surgical approach, body height, body mass index (BMI) and LLD measurements on self-perceived LLD after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Observational cohort study with minimum 5-year follow-up included 159 patients with unilateral primary THA at a single institution, who reported subjective feeling of equal or unequal leg lengths after THA. Gender, age, body height, BMI, surgical approach, preoperative and postoperative absolute/relative/pelvic radiographic LLD measurements were included in direct comparison between groups and multivariate analyses with self-perceived LLD as the outcome variable. Out of 159 participants, 39% subjectively perceived postoperative LLD, while others reported equal leg lengths. The two groups postoperatively differed in the median relative LLD (10mm vs. 5mm; p = 0.01) and WOMAC (230mm vs. 110mm; p < 0.01), but not in the pelvic radiographic LLD. After adjustment for gender, age, operated side and surgical approach, postoperative relative LLD (odds ratio 1.38 for each 5mm increment; 95% CI 1.01-1.74) and combination of BMI < 26kg/m2 and body height < 1.75m (odds ratio 2.49; 95% CI 1.14-5.41) were independent risk factors for self-perceived LLD. Clinical relative LLD measurements are better predictors of self-perceived postoperative LLD than pelvic radiographic measurements. Patients with smaller body dimensions will more likely report subjective leg length inequality at a given objective LLD, regardless of gender or age.

The Value of Anthropometric Measures in Nutrition and Metabolism: Comment on Anthropometrically Predicted Visceral Adipose Tissue and Blood-Based Biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—fat stored deep in the abdominal cavity that surrounds vital organs—is associated with a variety of chronic health conditions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the gold standards to quantify VAT. However, the high cost, limited accessibility, and potential exposure to radiation limit the use of these imaging modalities. In this commentary, we review the application of a previously validated regression equation that estimates anthropometrically predicted VAT (apVAT) to explain variance in blood-based biomarkers and predict mortality in a large sample of adults. In our first study (Brown et al. 2018 Eur J Nutr; doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1308-8), apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism, than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or the combination of BMI + WC. In our second study (Brown et al. 2017 Am J Hum Biol; doi:10.1002/ajhb.22898), compared with BMI, WC, and BMI + WC, apVAT more accurately predicted mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These studies demonstrate that apVAT can be used in clinical practice and in clinical nutrition and metabolism research when imaging modalities to quantify VAT may not be feasible.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Fasting Glucose for The Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus after Assisted Reproductive Technology.

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), first-trimester fasting blood sugar (FBS), and the combination of (BMI+FBS) cut-points for at-risk pregnant women conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) to better predict the risk of developing gestational diabetes mel- litus (GDM) in infertile women.Materials and MethodsIn this nested case-control study, 270 singleton pregnant women consisted of 135 (GDM) and 135 (non-GDM) who conceived using ART were assessed. The diagnosis of GDM was confirmed by a one-step glucose tolerance test (O-GTT) using 75 g oral glucose. BMI was classified base on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The relationship between BMI, FBS, and BMI+FBS with the risk of GDM development was deter- mined by logistic regression and adjusted for confounding factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the value of BMI, FBS, and BMI+FBS for the prediction of GDM.ResultsThe GDM group had significantly higher age, BMI, family history of diabetes, and history of polycystic ovary syn- drome in comparison with the non-GDM group (P<0.05). Overweight and obese women had 3.27, and 5.14 folds increase in the odds of developing GDM, respectively. There was a 17% increase in the risk of developing GDM with each 1 mg/dl increase in fasting glucose level. The cut points for FBS 84.5 mg/dl (72.9% sensitivity, 74.4% specificity), BMI 25.4 kg/m2 (68.9% sensitivity, 62.8% specificity), and BMI+FBS 111.2 (70.7% sensitivity, 80.6% specificity) was determined.ConclusionThe early screening and high-quality prenatal care should be recommended upon the co-occurrence of high FBS (≥84.5 mg/dl) in the first-trimester of the pregnancy and the BMI (≥25.4 kg/m2) in pre-pregnancy period in women undergone ART. The combination of BMI and FBS is considered a better prediction value.

Expanded normal weight obesity and blood pressure in Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study.

The study aimed to explore the independent association between expanded normal weight obesity categories and blood pressure among adults aged 20-80 years in China. By cross-sectional design, a total of 4279 adults living in Shaanxi Province, China, were selected from communities via multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in 2014. Information on anthropometric, body composition and blood pressure was collected and analysed. Expanded normal weight obesity (ENWO) categories were used to identify the level of bodyweight based on the combination of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) categories. The age- and sex-standardised prevalence of hypertension increased within ENWO groups, from 10.12% in the underweight-low body fat group to 45.92% in the obesity-high body fat group. In under or normal weight participants, body fat percentage was found independently associated with hypertension in men, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.69 in the fourth quartile of BFP compared with the first one. However, this effect was not observed in women. BFP was independently associated with increased risk of hypertension, especially in men. People with normal BMI should be re-identified as a high-risk population based on BFP level when it comes to hypertension prevention in primary healthcare settings.

The relationship between healthy life expectancy and smoking, hypertension and body mass index in a Japanese population: A multistate life table method using Nippon Data90

Introduction Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is an important measure for describing population health. Human factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity can reduce overall HLE in a population. Little is known about the relationship between HLE and cardiovascular risk factors in Asian populations. Our study aimed to estimate HLE in various combinations of cardiovascular risk factors in a Japanese population using a multistate life table approach. Methods Data were obtained from NIPPON DATA90, which is a nationwide cohort study of nine thousand Japanese people that was established in 1990. From among the NIPPON DATA90 participants, our analysis focused on people who were aged 60 years or older at the baseline survey and had received activities of daily living (ADL) assessment. Participants underwent a two-wave interview survey process using the Katz ADL index in 1995 and 2000. The participants were queried on five items of the Katz ADL index, and any participant who answered that they were “not independent” for at least one item was designated “disabled” in the multistate life table. Smoking status was categorized into non-smokers (never-/ex-smokers) and current smokers. Blood pressure (BP) was categorized into four groups (optimal, normal, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension). Obesity was defined using body mass index (BMI), which was categorized into three groups (thin: 18.5; normal: 18.5–24.9; and overweight/obese: ≥ 25). All HLE calculations were performed using iMaCh version 0.98r7 (A Maximum Likelihood Computer Program using Interpolation of Markov Chains). Results The study sample comprised 6676 participants (2840 men and 3836 women). Among all the BMI and BP groups, HLE at age 60 in current smokers was shorter than that of non-smokers. Among obese men with optimal BP, HLE in current smokers was 20.0 years, whereas that of non-smokers was 17.7 years. Among obese current smokers, HLE at age 60 decreased linearly as BP increased in men (optimal BP: 19.8 years, normal BP: 19.3 years, stage 1 hypertension: 18.1 years, stage 2 hypertension: 17.7 years) and women (optimal BP: 23.1 years, normal BP: 22.6 years, stage 1 hypertension: 21.4 years, stage 2 hypertension: 21.0 years). Among thin current smokers, HLE at age 60 also decreased linearly as BP increased in men (optimal BP: 18.3 years, normal BP: 17.8 years, stage 1 hypertension: 16.6 years, stage 2 hypertension: 16.3 years) and women (optimal BP: 21.8 years, normal BP: 21.2 years, stage 1 hypertension: 19.9 years, stage 2 hypertension: 19.6 years). The distribution of HLE at age 60 showed a slight inverted U-shape as BMI increased in both sexes. Conclusions We examined the relationship between HLE at age 60 and combinations of BMI, BP, and smoking status using a nationwide cohort study of the Japanese population. HLE at age 60 was clearly shorter in smokers and individuals with higher BP. Furthermore, both thin and obesity has a slight impact on HLE at age 60.

DXA-measured visceral fat mass and lean body mass reflect abnormal metabolic phenotypes among some obese and nonobese Chinese children and adolescents

Background and aimThe exact constellation of body composition characteristics among metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and nonobese (MUNO) children and adolescents remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the major body composition determinants of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods and resultsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey in 2015 that included 1983 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Subjects were classified into two phenotypes based on a combination of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome components. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Among all boys and among adolescent boys, those with MUNO phenotypes displayed significantly higher indices of body composition except for fat mass (FM) percentage and trunk-to-legs FM ratio compared with the metabolically healthy nonobese phenotype (all P < 0.05). MUO individuals had higher arm FM, lean body mass (LBM), and trunk lean mass compared to metabolically healthy obese individuals (all P < 0.05). Visceral fat mass (VFM) and BMI were the major independent determinants of MUNO (VFM, 6- to 9-year-old boys, OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00–1.03, P = 0.021; BMI, 6- to 9-year-old girls, OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.31–2.84, P = 0.001; and adolescent boys, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.23–1.44, P < 0.001). LBM was the major independent predictor of MUO among adolescent boys (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.03–1.17, P = 0.003). ConclusionsAmong children and adolescents, the metabolically unhealthy phenotype was associated with excess of body composition, but with significant differences observed based on age and sex. VFM and LBM derived by DXA can predict the metabolically unhealthy phenotype effectively in specific sex and age groups.

Physical activity, body mass index and waist circumference change, and normal-range glycated hemoglobin on incident diabetes: Jackson Heart Study

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate whether physical activity has a protective effect on incident diabetes among African Americans across combinations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), 2) evaluate the effect of changes on BMI and WC on incident diabetes, and 3) evaluate the effect of ‘normal range’ glycated hemoglobin (A1C) on incident diabetes.Methods: Data from the prospective Jackson Heart Study were evaluated, with baseline data assessed between 2001 and 2004 and follow-up data occurring between 2009 and 2013. Physical activity was assessed via a validated questionnaire, with measured BMI, WC and A1C assessed via standard procedures.Results: The sample included 2,450 adults who did not have evidence of diabetes at the baseline assessment, with 286 incident diabetes cases occurring at the follow-up assessment. Physical activity did not have a protective effect against incident diabetes across different BMI and WC combinations. Notably, BMI change from baseline to follow-up was associated with incident diabetes (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03–1.13). Further, higher levels of A1C within the ‘normal-range’ was associated with incident diabetes (HR = 7.51, 95% CI = 2.66–21.25).Conclusion: Increases in BMI over time and higher A1C within the normal range were associated with incident diabetes. Serial monitoring of BMI, as well as A1C, even among those with a ‘normal’ A1C, may be warranted by clinicians. Future work evaluating this novel three-way model (physical activity, BMI and WC) should consider utilizing an objective measure of physical activity.

Risk of chronic liver disease in post-menopausal women due to body mass index, alcohol and their interaction: a prospective nested cohort study within the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)

BackgroundWe investigated the risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) due to alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) and the effects of their interaction in a prospective cohort study of women recruited to the UKCTOCS trial.Methods95,126 post-menopausal women without documented CLD were stratified into 12 groups defined by combinations of BMI (normal, overweight, obese) and alcohol consumption (none, <1–15, 16–20 and ≥21 units/week), and followed for an average of 5.1 years. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for incident liver-related events (LRE).ResultsFirst LREs were reported in 325 (0.34%) participants. Compared to women with normal BMI, HR = 1.44 (95% CI; 1.10–1.87) in the overweight group and HR = 2.25 (95% CI; 1.70–2.97) in the obese group, adjusted for alcohol and potential confounders. Compared to those abstinent from alcohol, HR = 0.70 (95% CI; 0.55–0.88) for <1–15 units/week, 0.93 (95% CI; 0.50–1.73) for 16–20 units/week and 1.82 (95% CI; 0.97–3.39) for ≥21 units/week adjusted for BMI and potential confounders. Compared to women with normal BMI drinking no alcohol, HR for LRE in obese women consuming ≥21 units/week was 2.86 (95% CI; 0.67–12.42), 1.58 (95% CI; 0.96–2.61) for obese women drinking <1–15 units/week and 1.93 (95% CI; 0.66–5.62) in those with normal BMI consuming ≥21 units/week after adjustment for potential confounders. We found no significant interaction between BMI and alcohol.ConclusionHigh BMI and alcohol consumption and abstinence are risk factors for CLD in post-menopausal women. However, BMI and alcohol do not demonstrate significant interaction in this group.Trial registrationUKCTOCS is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN22488978. Registered 06/04/2000.

Is bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in poorly controlled diabetic obese patients a contraindication? A single center pilot study

BackgroundIn spite of substantial evidence supporting a long-term survival benefit with bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafts in CABG, this technique remains grossly underutilized worldwide. The incidence of deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) following BIMA harvest ranges from 0.6% to 4.2%. The high incidence of obesity and diabetes among Kuwait population encouraged us to study the incidence of DSWI among our patients with BIMA. Methods101 patients who underwent CABG procedure with BIMA use in Al-Dabbous Cardiac center, Al-Adan Hospital, Kuwait. Between June 2014 and December 2016, were included and analyzed retrospectively. Results92 patients included in our study were males (91.1%) and were 9 females (8.9%). 86 patients had HbA1c > 7% (85.2%). 20 patients (19.8%) had Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30. Of all studied patients, 12 patients (11.9%) had both BMI > 30 and HbA1c > 7. DSWI occurred in 3 patients (3%) out of the studied 101 patients, 2 of them had BMI > 30 and HbA1c > 7. The multi-variable analysis showed a significant correlation between the occurrence of DSWI and female gender (p value = 0.001) as well as a combination of BMI > 30 and level of HbA1c > 7 (p value = 0.037). Age, HbA1c > 7 with BMI <30 and BMI >30 with HbA1c < 7, failed to show any statistically significant increase in the incidence of DSWI in our study group. ConclusionsBased on our results, BIMA grafting in poorly controlled diabetic obese patients especially of female gender shouldn't be used to avoid the higher incidence of DSWI among them.

Abdominal Obesity and their association with Total Body: Fat Distribution and Composition. Case of Algerian Teenager Male high school students

Purpose: Our aim attempted to esteem the impact of abdominal fat on body fat distribution or composition related to total body fat as recommended weight loss among High School Students. Material: For the proposed, 100 male students from the Algerian high school Education Sector's mandate Sidi Bel Abbes, participate in the present study. Their average age 16±1.52 years, distributed into homogeneous groups, according to their body fat percent categories. Examined by saving tests (Body Fat Percentage (BFP) - Abdominal circumference (WC) - Body mass index (BMI)). Results: Based on the test data and the analysis statistics applied, we confirm: a) Abdominal obesity is excess body gain correlate with total fat BMI. It highly affected body composition reported as additional fat for overweight in compare with acceptable according to Ideal BFP categories. b) Abdominal obesity is an amount deep fat correlates to total BFP. It higher influenced the distribution of total body fat reported as additional excess fat among overweight category compared to the acceptable group. c) Waist circumference (WC) is the leading marker of abdominal fat deposits located in the central region of the body. While the combination of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), reflects the combined effects of body build (fat or fatness) in individuals at higher risk of excessive body fat. Conclusions: founded on the differences acquired by the research team. We highlight that abdominal obesity is strongly connected to larger WC relate to total body gain located as excess inordinate fatness BMI or fat distribution BFP among our overall sample. Evidence, which guides us to recommend our adolescent students to intensification their hours of sports practice, in order to avoid the consequences of abdominal obesity gain. Announced in the present study as excess abdominal adiposity more metabolically active. Requiring the control of body weight loss (BFP or BMI) strongly correlates to waistline as an ideally accurate measurement of total abdominal fat (visceral &amp; subcutaneous). It's paired with BMI revealed their impact on body build in early adulthood or throughout life.

The relations of child adiposity with parent-to-child and parent-to-parent hostility

Objective: Investigate (1) the association of child adiposity with parent-to-child and parent-to-parent hostility, (2) the mediation of these associations by dietary behaviours and (3) moderation by gender.Design: One hundred thirty-five couples with 6- to 14-year-old children completed measures of emotional and physical aggression, overreactive discipline and child diet. Parent-to-parent hostility was also coded from laboratory observations.Main Outcome Measure: Child adiposity was a combination of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.Results: Mother-to-child hostility was associated with child adiposity. This association was concentrated in boys and was not significantly explained by child dietary factors. Mother-to-father hostility was not significantly associated with boys’ or girls’ adiposity. Girls’ adiposity was not significantly associated with family hostility. Fathers’ hostility was not linked to child adiposity.Conclusion: This is the first study to take a family-level approach to understanding the relation of hostility to child adiposity by examining relations among adiposity and both mothers’ and fathers’ hostility directed toward one another and toward their children. Our findings highlight the potential role played by mothers’ emotional hostility in boys’ adiposity and suggest that, if this role is further substantiated, mother-son emotional hostility may be a promising target for the prevention of child obesity.

The Risk of Hepatobiliary Cancer with Metabolic Syndrome: A Nested Case-Control Study

Introduction The incidence of hepatobiliary and gall bladder cancers is increasing. The age standardised incidence rates of liver cancers has increased by 224% for males and 227% for females over the last few decades with similar trends in the incidence of bile duct and gall bladder cancers. It is unclear if this rise is related to increasing trends in in obesity, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle changes. The current evidence base is unclear. Aim To determine the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome and hepatobiliary cancer using primary care data. Method A nested case-control study was performed using the THIN (The Health Improvement Network) database in the UK. Read codes were used to capture patients with a diagnosis of liver, bile duct and gall bladder cancers and these patients were matched in a 1:2 fashion with controls without a diagnosis of cancer by age, GP practice and gender, with at least one year of follow up on the database. Data on co-morbidities, events (GP or hospital visits), drug history, anthropometric data (weight, log-transformed body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels) and data on smoking and alcohol consumption was extracted from the database and analysed in an analytical model for potential associations between hepatobiliary cancer and obesity/metabolic syndrome. Results 4287 patients (62% male, 38% female) with hepatobiliary cancers were matched with 8574 controls. On univariate analysis, age (0.99 (0.98–0.99), p On step-wise forward conditional logistic regression, age (0.98 (0.977–0.98), p On modelling log BMI, diabetes and hypertension as a single covariate, there was a significant association of a combination of BMI, diabetes and hypertension with hepatobiliary cancer (1.59 (1,49–1.69), p Conclusion Obesity and metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with the risk of hepatobiliary cancer. Statin use seems to be protective. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Combination of Low Body Mass Index and Low Serum Albumin Level Leads to Poor Functional Recovery in Stroke Patients

Nutritional status is associated with the functional recovery of stroke patients. This study aimed to examine the influence of the combination of body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level on functional recovery in subacute stroke patients. This retrospective cohort study included 259 subacute stroke patients (mean age 68.9 ± 12.3 years). Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to their BMI and serum albumin level: group 1, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) and low serum albumin level (<3.5 g/dL); group 2, low BMI and high serum albumin level (≥3.5 g/dL); group 3, normal weight (≥18.5 kg/m2) and low serum albumin level; and group 4, normal weight and high serum albumin level. The outcome variable was the motor subscale of the Functional Independence Measure (M-FIM) effectiveness. We defined the first quartile of M-FIM effectiveness as poor functional recovery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of the combination of BMI and serum albumin level on poor functional recovery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics (reference, group 4) showed that group 1 was mostly associated with a significant risk of poor functional recovery (odds ratio, 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-11.15). Our results suggested that the combination of low BMI and low serum albumin level was more significantly associated with poor functional recovery in subacute stroke patients than either factor alone. The combination of BMI and serum albumin level should be taken into account when predicting functional recovery in subacute stroke patients.

Diagnostic performance of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and the Waist-to-Height Ratio for identifying cardiometabolic risk in Scottish pre-adolescents

Background: Limited studies have examined the diagnostic performance of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) for identifying cardiometabolic risk (increased clustered glucose, triglycerides, mean arterial pressure and inv-HDL-cholesterol) in pre-adolescent youth.Aim: To compare the utility of BMI, WC and WHtR as predictors of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in Scottish pre-adolescent children.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 223 Scottish children (55.2% boys, mean age =8.4 years) was undertaken. BMI, WC and WHtR were used as exposure variables within multivariate logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis to examine the utility of these anthropometrical indices in identifying those at cardiometabolic risk.Results: Individuals with an elevated WHtR, WC and BMI were 3.51 (95% CI = 1.71–7.23; p < .001); 2.34 (95% CI = 1.35–4.06; p = .002) and 2.59 (95% CI = 1.42–4.73; p = .002) times more likely to be at cardiometabolic risk, respectively. The areas under the curves [AUC] to identify children with cardiometabolic risk were significant and similar among anthropometric indices (AUC’s = 0.60–0.65). When stratified by BMI, both WC and WHtR demonstrated a fair-to-good ability for identifying those at cardiometabolic risk (AUC = 0.75–0.81).Conclusions: Findings suggest that the combination of BMI with either WC or WHtR may provide an added benefit in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk amongst pre-adolescents.

Anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue and blood-based biomarkers: a cross-sectional analysis.

We hypothesized that anthropometrically predicted visceral adipose tissue (apVAT) accounts for more variance in blood-based biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the combination of BMI and WC (BMI+WC). This was a cross-sectional analysis of 10,624 males and females who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994). apVAT was predicted from a validated regression equation that included age, height, weight, waist, and thigh circumferences. Bootstrapped linear regression models were used to compare the proportion of variance (R 2) in biomarkers explained by apVAT, BMI, WC, and BMI+WC. apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of glucose homeostasis than BMI (∆R 2=8.4-11.8%; P<0.001), WC (∆R 2=5.5-8.4%; P<0.001), and BMI+WC (∆R 2=5.1-7.7%; P<0.001). apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of inflammation than BMI (ΔR 2=3.8%; P<0.001), WC (ΔR 2=3.1%; P<0.001), and BMI+WC (ΔR 2=2.9%; P<0.001). apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of lipid metabolism than BMI (ΔR 2=2.9-9.2%; P<0.001), WC (ΔR 2=2.9-5.2%; P<0.001), and BMI+WC (ΔR 2=2.4-4.1%; P≤0.01). apVAT, estimated with simple and widely used anthropometric measures, accounts for more variance in blood-based biomarkers than BMI, WC, and BMI+WC. Clinicians and researchers may consider utilizing apVAT to characterize cardio-metabolic health, particularly in settings with limited availability of imaging and laboratory data.