Combination Of Advanced Technologies Research Articles

Climate Change in Secondary School Classrooms Using Geographic Information Technologies as A Learning Tool

Objective: The main objective of the elaboration of these materials is to verify if their use in the classrooms of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) and Baccalaureate facilitates the acquisition of key competences and improves the geographic learning of the students. It seeks to implement a model of competency learning that makes use of Geographic Information Technologies (TIG) to develop spatial analysis and understanding skills in students. Theoretical references: The theoretical framework is based on the recommendations of the Council of the European Union on the use of good practices and digital technologies in education. The concepts of climate change and sustainable development are considered, as well as specific competences related to geographical thinking and the use of TIG. Methodology: Educational materials have been designed and used in classes of 1st and 3rd of ESO, dividing students into subgroups that used and did not use the materials to compare results. Initial, intermediate and final assessments were conducted to measure the evolution of learning. The materials include maps and applications to solve geographical problems and didactic strategies of the bimodal curriculum are used to promote key competences. Results and Conclusion: The use of the materials has significantly improved the students' learning competencies, although the objectives have not been fully achieved. The average acquisition of competences went from 2.79 to 4.36 on a scale from 0 to 10. A noticeable improvement was observed in 10 fields that were previously below 4 points, now at 5 or more. However, students showed more difficulties in areas such as orderly communication and critical evaluation of their approaches and those of their peers. Research Implications: Research suggests that the use of TIG in secondary education can be an effective tool to improve the geographic and analytical competencies of students. In addition, the importance of integrating these technologies in a way that supports geographic learning rather than focusing exclusively on the management of the tools is highlighted. Originality/Value: This study presents an innovative approach to using TIG in secondary education to develop key competencies in students. The originality lies in the combination of advanced technologies with a competency approach in the teaching of geography, which could serve as a model for future educational applications in other contexts.

Overcoming Remote Workforce Cyber Threats: A Comprehensive Ransomware and Bot Net Defense Strategy Utilizing VPN Networks

This study investigates endpoint security strategies for remote workforces utilizing VPN networks, focusing on mitigating ransomware and botnet attacks. A mixed-methods approach was employed, analyzing the effectiveness of existing endpoint solutions and simulating network segmentation strategies. The study highlights the enhanced effectiveness of traditional endpoint security solutions when augmented with advanced technologies with specific applications including email filtering to block phishing attempts, MFA to verify user identities, EDR systems to detect and block unauthorized access tools, and encryption to secure data during cloud services. The introduction of network segmentation and zero-trust architectures further secured data centers by limiting lateral movements and requiring continuous re-authentication. Results demonstrate that while traditional endpoint security solutions remain essential, their effectiveness can be enhanced through a multi-layered approach incorporating advanced technologies with this research showing quick response times, high containment efficiency, and fast recovery speeds across all segments, with the Finance Department notably achieving a response time of 5 minutes and containment efficiency of 95%. Specifically, our cost-benefit analysis of network segmentation strategies shows that Strategy 1, despite a higher cost, offers superior improvements in throughput and latency reduction, providing more value per dollar spent. These results underscore the plan’s capability in rapidly detecting, containing, and recovering from attacks. User education significantly improved cybersecurity awareness and reduced susceptibility to attacks. This research provides practical recommendations for organizations to strengthen their endpoint security posture and protect their remote workforce through a combination of advanced technologies, proactive measures, and continuous user education.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПРОЄКТІВ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ

Introduction. The article discusses the need for systemic qualitative changes in the management structure and requirements for the construction project management process in the context of digital transformation, characterized by a combination of advanced technologies and the integration of physical and digital systems. The importance of considering the problems and aspects of digital transformation in the context of new generations (a qualitatively new cluster of human capital), digital talent, changing the mindset of project managers, as well as key changes in construction project management systems in the digital environment is highlighted. Problem statement. The construction industry is a fundamental sector of the economy of any country. A construction project is a structural element of the “construction” system, which allows to form the economic effect of the industry's development as a whole. Modern construction project management includes a set of interconnected but heterogeneous subsystems that together should increase the level of economic profitability. The defining subsystems are: 1. Strategic risk management: Given the volatility of raw material markets and the high value of some materials, the introduction of circular approaches in construction management can help reduce the vulnerability of projects to risks associated with fluctuations in material prices. 2. Efficient use of resources: A central goal of construction management is to optimize the use of resources to achieve project goals. The use of circular economy principles will allow to use resources more efficiently and reduce the cost of purchasing new materials.

Deep learning based ankle–foot movement classification for prosthetic foot

The primary motivation behind this study is the aspiration to design a prosthetic foot that demonstrates enhanced functionality, enabling more active and prompt responses, particularly tailored for individuals with below-knee amputations. This goal underscores the intention to create a prosthetic foot with the capability to execute foot movements in a more natural and effective manner. A new 1D-ResCNN model has been proposed for the rapid and accurate classification of foot movements based on user intent in the context of a prosthetic limb. This research introduces an innovative approach by integrating inertial measurement units with deep learning algorithms to advance the development of more functional prosthetic feet, specifically tailored for below-knee amputees. Leveraging wearable technologies, this method allows for the prolonged monitoring of foot movements within the users’ natural environments. The dual benefits of cost reduction and enhanced user experience are achieved through this combination of advanced technologies, providing a promising avenue for the evolution of prosthetic foot design and usage. The results obtained with this model are satisfying both in terms of speed and accuracy with 99.8% compared to other methods in the literature.

Leveraging Data Science and Machine Learning for Enhanced Retail Operations

In today’s business environment, the combination of advanced technology and data-driven insights has revolutionized key aspects of operational efficiency and strategic decision- making. This abstract summarizes the essence of four critical areas in this context: demand forecasting using machine learning methods, inventory management systems, location-based data analytics, and market sales prediction using machine learning. These domains play a key role in shaping the success of businesses by enabling them to proactively respond to market trends, increase customer satisfaction, optimize supply chains and make informed decisions. This paper offers an extensive perspective on these domains and highlights their importance in driving business value, competitiveness and adaptability in today’s fast-changing markets.

Safe beach: service for emergency notification and assistance in coastal bathing areas

On the vast Brazilian beaches, which stretch for more than seven thousand kilometers and attract numerous tourists, safety emerges as a crucial concern. The shortage of lifeguards and the lack of human resources have generated concern due to the incidence of fatal accidents in bathing areas with low protection coverage. To reinforce security logistics on the coast, the “Safe Beach” service was created, which allows swimmers to report emergencies and call lifeguards based on their location through an application for mobile devices. This article explores the functionality of the service, highlighting its potential for reducing the response time of lifeguard teams, preventing incidents in risk areas and improving safety on beaches in Brazil. It also addresses the importance of responsible use of the service and the legal implications for those who use it improperly. The combination of advanced technology, usage records and cooperation with local authorities makes Safe Beach a powerful tool for ensuring safety on beaches and agile response in emergency situations, contributing to a safer and more peaceful experience for bathers.

Residual life prediction of lithium battery based on hybrid model of WOA–VMD and attention mechanism

Abstract In order to improve the long-term reliability of lithium battery and ensure the safe operation of the system, a forecasting method combining whale optimization algorithm (WOA), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the Gated Recurrent Unit model with Attention mechanism (GRU-Attention) was proposed. WOA–VMD was used to decompose the battery capacity data into the intrinsic mode component and residual component, which were, respectively, predicted by GRU-Attention, and finally effectively integrated to obtain accurate capacity prediction results. Through the experiments of the Li-ion battery data set of the Advanced Life Cycle Engineering Center of the University of Maryland, the proposed Li-ion battery combination prediction model has high prediction accuracy and stability. This method is a novel combination of advanced technologies and algorithms, and its effectiveness in improving the long-term reliability of lithium batteries has been verified by experiments. This research is of great significance for promoting the development and application of lithium battery technology.

Clinical Effectiveness of Arthroscopy-Assisted Fixation in the Treatment of Avulsed Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries.

Avulsed posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are complex orthopedic challenges that require careful consideration and optimal management. Arthroscopy offers advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced soft tissue disruption, reduced postoperative pain, and improved visualization of intraarticular anatomy. Arthroscopy-assisted fixation results in superior clinical outcomes. Patient-specific factors, graft choice, and timing of surgery significantly impact outcomes. Rehabilitation is vital and requires a tailored approach to restore knee function. Biomechanically, arthroscopy-assisted fixation enhances joint stability and range of motion, reducing the risk of secondary injuries. Advancements in technology and surgical techniques further improve outcomes. Concomitant injuries and incorporation are essential considerations. Arthroscopy-assisted fixation is a recommended approach, but personalized care is crucial for successful recovery. Its precision in reattaching the PCL enhances joint stability and clinical results, aligning with outcomes seen in conventional procedures. Using biocompatible materials in fixation devices has significantly reduced the risk of allergic reactions or complications. This has allowed a faster and smoother recovery process for patients undergoing arthroscopy-assisted fixation. The incorporation of physical therapy and rehabilitation programs after surgery plays a vital role in restoring joint function and preventing muscle atrophy. The combination of advanced technology, surgical techniques, and personalized care has greatly improved the success rate of arthroscopy-assisted fixation procedures.Advancements in technology further improve patient outcomes, but each case should beindividually assessed to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.

Enhancing Forest Security through Advanced Surveillance Applications

Forests established through afforestation are one of the most precious natural resources, especially in harsh and desert-biased conditions. Trees are often exposed to various threats that need to be addressed. Some of the threats are igniting fires, illegal lumberjacking, hunting, using, and crossing prohibited areas, etc. This article delves into the combination of advanced technologies, such as radars, thermal imaging, remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and biomass monitoring systems, in the field of forestry and natural resource security. By examining the parametric assurance technologies described in this paper, the potentials of real-time monitoring, early detection of threats, and rapid response capabilities are examined, which significantly improves the efficiency of forest protection efforts. This article deals with the presentation of advanced algorithms that include radar, thermal cameras, and artificial intelligence, which enable the automatic identification and classification of potential threats with a false alarm rate (FAR) as low as possible. The article presents a systemic solution that optimizes the answer for a parametric security system that is required to work in a complex environment with multiple triggers that can cause false alarms. In addition to this, a presented system is required to be easy to assemble and have the ability to integrate into natural areas and serve as a vulnerable aid in nature as much as possible. In conclusion, this study highlights the transformative potential of security applications in improving forest and natural reserve security while taking into account the complexity of the environment.

An innovative medical waste management system in a smart city using XAI and vehicle routing optimization

Background The management of medical waste is a complex task that necessitates effective strategies to mitigate health risks, comply with regulations, and minimize environmental impact. In this study, a novel approach based on collaboration and technological advancements is proposed. Methods By utilizing colored bags with identification tags, smart containers with sensors, object recognition sensors, air and soil control sensors, vehicles with Global Positioning System (GPS) and temperature humidity sensors, and outsourced waste treatment, the system optimizes waste sorting, storage, and treatment operations. Additionally, the incorporation of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technology, leveraging scikit-learn, xgboost, catboost, lightgbm, and skorch, provides real-time insights and data analytics, facilitating informed decision-making and process optimization. Results The integration of these cutting-edge technologies forms the foundation of an efficient and intelligent medical waste management system. Furthermore, the article highlights the use of genetic algorithms (GA) to solve vehicle routing models, optimizing waste collection routes and minimizing transportation time to treatment centers. Conclusions Overall, the combination of advanced technologies, optimization algorithms, and XAI contributes to improved waste management practices, ultimately benefiting both public health and the environment.

Productivity estimation of battery trolley mining truck fleets

ABSTRACT The mining sector is facing an immediate challenge to reduce its carbon emissions. The movement of material with mining truck fleets is a critical factor in reducing emissions. As the industry gradually replaces diesel trucks with more environmentally friendly transportation systems, it is important to analyse new solutions. This paper presents a new type of mining truck fleet called the Battery Trolley system, which is a combination of advanced technologies, including a battery-electric drivetrain, autonomy, trolley assist, and energy recovery systems. Depending on the site-specific differences and technology adoptions, decision-makers have three Battery Trolley system configurations to choose from: dynamic charging, stationary charging, and dual trolley Battery Trolley systems, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the challenges of using Battery Trolley systems is their capacity and productivity. This study uses open-accessible project parameters and databases, with engineering assumptions, to create a mining scenario for both the dynamic charging and stationary charging perspectives. The study provides an equation to evaluate the Battery Trolley system’s mining productivity. Results show an incremental analysis of the Battery Trolley productivity as the trolley power increases from 8 MW to 32 MW in various Battery Trolley configurations. The study compares the Battery Trolley productivity for several open-pit mining applications, including copper, iron, and overburden waste. The results indicate that: (i) trolley power limitations significantly affect the capacity of Battery Trolley systems; (ii) a stationary charging option can achieve higher capacity and productivity than dynamic charging; (iii) Battery Trolley productivity varies in different applications under the given simulation assumptions.

An innovative medical waste management system in a smart city using XAI and vehicle routing optimization.

The management of medical waste is a complex task that necessitates effective strategies to mitigate health risks, comply with regulations, and minimize environmental impact. In this study, a novel approach based on collaboration and technological advancements is proposed. By utilizing colored bags with identification tags, smart containers with sensors, object recognition sensors, air and soil control sensors, vehicles with Global Positioning System (GPS) and temperature humidity sensors, and outsourced waste treatment, the system optimizes waste sorting, storage, and treatment operations. Additionally, the incorporation of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technology, leveraging scikit-learn, xgboost, catboost, lightgbm, and skorch, provides real-time insights and data analytics, facilitating informed decision-making and process optimization. The integration of these cutting-edge technologies forms the foundation of an efficient and intelligent medical waste management system. Furthermore, the article highlights the use of genetic algorithms (GA) to solve vehicle routing models, optimizing waste collection routes and minimizing transportation time to treatment centers. Overall, the combination of advanced technologies, optimization algorithms, and XAI contributes to improved waste management practices, ultimately benefiting both public health and the environment.

Using the metaverse in training: lessons from real cases

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the potential contribution of the metaverse to improve training and development as a function of human resource development (HRD) perspective. The authors explore the benefits and challenges of the metaverse and introduce cases of companies using the metaverse in training.Design/methodology/approachA narrative literature review was conducted to collect information on the metaverse in training. The authors reviewed peer- and non-peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, white papers, corporate websites and blogs and business magazines.FindingsA total of 75 articles were reviewed, including 14 cases, which were summarized to demonstrate how companies are applying metaverse technology in training contexts. For a more in-depth review, three cases were selected and summarized in terms of context, process and outcomes.Originality/valueThe metaverse is an emergent topic in HRD. It has the potential to revolutionize the functions of training and development through the combination of advanced technologies, including virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality. This article is the foundational attempt to provide a comprehensive summary of existing literature and case studies that highlight the potential of the metaverse in training within the context of HRD.

Industrially concentrated tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate

Although the tocopherol concentration in Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate (SODD) regarding molecular distillation (MD) has been studied in the last 20 years, no scientific studies were published yet in international journals about the results of this technology when applied in an industrial scale. This research aimed to evaluate the tocopherols concentration through industrial patented MD technology in a vegetable oil refinery, using a phospholipase A2 enzymatic physical degumming process, packed dual temperature column deodorizer coupled to a double washer and a Tocoboost® patented technology. The results of the refinery production process from July 2019 to February 2020 could totalize over 81 days, comprising 243 samples and more than 1900 laboratory analysis. The input and output SODD samples were analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC), in which graphics of the automation system and mass balance of the refinery production ranges were also verified. The results showed that it is possible to achieve over five times Vitamin E concentration from non-modified soybean oil deodorizer distillate in a physic enzymatic phospholipase degumming process plant using a combination of advanced technology in order to separate high value-added molecules gained through studied hypotheses regarding vacuum, temperature, distiller models, backset flows, multiple stages of distillation, degradation and product recovery.

Assessment of the quality of life of patients with cancer: Current state of the problem

The successes of modern medicine in the treatment of malignant neoplasms have led to increased interest in the study of quality of life (QOL), which is considered one of the endpoints of modern clinical research in oncology. This study aimed to identify the main features of the current state and patterns of further development in assessing the QOL of patients with cancer. This study was based on a bibliographic search in PubMed and Google Scholar. A literature search was conducted using pairs of keywords quality of lifeoncology, quality of lifecancer, quality of lifequestionnairesoncology, patient-reported outcome (PRO)oncology, and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)oncology for articles published from 2017 to 2022 in Russian and English. Further, the articles were identified manually through the article link lists. PROs are currently considered the generally accepted standard for collecting data on the subjective perception of patients with cancer regarding their health status. Numerous questionnaires for assessing QOL are available, but the Functional Assessment of Cancer TherapyGeneral and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire are preferred. The combination of advanced technologies allows the collection of more reliable PRO data. Thus, unified approaches for the application of PRO results in large clinical trials are necessary.

Sub-Basalt Imaging Reveals Deeper Plays Offshore India

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30279, “Revealing Deeper Plays, Offshore Kutch, India: A Success Story of Sub-Basalt Imaging,” by S.K. Biswal, N.N.B. Naidu, and S. Basu, ONGC, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 2-6 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. The Deccan Traps volcanic province of India is considered one of the largest basalt-covered regions in the world but is essentially unexplored because of the limitations of conventional marine streamer P-wave seismic acquisition in imaging structures both intrabasalt and sub-basalt. In the complete paper, the authors demonstrate that, even with legacy marine streamer surveys, an appropriate work flow of combining suitable advanced technologies can help to overcome the long-standing challenges of sub-basalt imaging. The reprocessed data show clear uplift in sub-basalt imaging, and inversion results validate the quality of the new data in relation to the well logs. Introduction The Kutch offshore basin is characterized by the presence of the Deccan Traps, a large igneous province of up to 2000-m-thick basalt lava flows. These lava flows have hindered successful imaging of sub-basalt Mesozoic sediments for hydrocarbon exploration. To date, no single technique has been found to produce considerable improvements in deeper image quality. The solution lies in an appropriate combination of advanced technologies. The project consists of three legacy data sets acquired in 2004, 2010, and 2014 in the shallow-water area (water depth ranges from 25 to 50 m). Two of the surveys were shot in the north/south direction with six streamers having 100-m separation, 25-m shot spacing, 12.5-m receiver spacing, and 6-second record length. The third survey was acquired oblique to these with a similar acquisition geometry; however, it featured sparser 25-m receiver spacing and 8- second record length. These surveys were matched and merged before migration to ensure a seamless image across the surveys in the post-migration domain. A tailored processing work flow improved existing data quality significantly and provided new insights into the sub-basalt geology, thereby opening a new play to exploration and production. Challenges and Work Flow Sub-basalt imaging challenges include transmission losses, scattering, complex wave kinematics, prevalent multiples, interference effects, and variable illumination caused by high and variable acoustic impedance of thick heterogeneous basalt layers. The tertiary sedimentary sequences overlying the Deccan Trap consist predominantly of carbonates, shale, and fine-grained clastic sediments, accompanied by channels and nearly vertical faulting. The geological complexities from the water bottom to the base of the basalt present a substantial geophysical challenge to successful deeper imaging and require an appropriate work flow to mitigate them. Broadband processing, including de-ghosting, can increase the signal-to-noise ratio across the broad range of frequencies in the seismic bandwidth and can enhance the lower frequencies required to achieve enhanced imaging at sub-basalt targets. Demultiple methods can reduce the presence of surface-related and interbed multiples that prohibit reliable interpretation of Mesozoic sediment; imaging methods can focus the recorded data when used in conjunction with an accurate Earth model that captures the velocity complexities of carbonates, shale, basalt, channel, and faults.

Based on the Network and Information Technology, the Actual Performance Evaluation System of Heavy Metal Removal Biomass Materials in Water Was Developed

With the rapid development of information technology such as big data, Internet of things, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the combination of advanced technology has become an inevitable trend of biochemistry development at the present stage, and also brings new opportunities for the development of this field. In order to better combine information technology with biochemistry, this paper established an evaluation system for the actual performance of heavy metal biomass material in water removal, and systematically studied its adsorption mechanism. In this paper, 12 kinds of adsorbents of primary materials, carbon black materials and modified materials were prepared by crushing, charring and modifying four kinds of biomass, namely rice stalk, wheat harvest, corn and rice and peanut shell. The adsorption of Cu by these 12 adsorbents was studied. Combined with information technology, the use of scanning electron microscopy (sem) analysis, specific surface area and adsorbent for the characterization of infrared spectrum analysis and study, adsorption time, pH, adsorbent additive quantity, temperature, ionic strength, competition from Cd adsorption effect on the adsorption effect, build the evaluation system, in the end, to evaluate the material removal efficiency of the experiment efficiency, are all over 92%, which is beneficial to the combination of information technology and biological chemistry development.

Reducing Cardiac Radiation Dose From Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy With Breath Hold Training and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

The delivery of radiation therapy shares many of the challenges encountered in imaging procedures. As in imaging, such as MRI, organ motion must be reduced to a minimum, often for lengthy time periods, to effectively target the tumor during imaging-guided therapy while reducing radiation dose to nearby normal tissues. For patients, radiation therapy is frequently a stress- and anxiety-provoking medical procedure, evoking fear from negative perceptions about irradiation, confinement from immobilization devices, claustrophobia, unease with equipment, physical discomfort, and overall cancer fear. Such stress can be a profound challenge for cancer patients' emotional coping and tolerance to treatment, and particularly interferes with advanced radiation therapy procedures where active, complex and repetitive high-level cooperation is often required from the patient.In breast cancer, the most common cancer in women worldwide, radiation therapy is an indispensable component of treatment to improve tumor control and outcome in both breast-conserving therapy for early-stage disease and in advanced-stage patients. High technological complexity and high patient cooperation is required to mitigate the known cardiac toxicity and mortality from breast cancer radiation by reducing the unintended radiation dose to the heart from left breast or left chest wall irradiation. To address this, radiation treatment in daily deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH), to create greater distance between the treatment target and the heart, is increasingly practiced. While holding the promise to decrease cardiac toxicity, DIBH procedures often augment patients' baseline stress and anxiety reaction toward radiation treatment. Patients are often overwhelmed by the physical and mental demands of daily DIBH, including the nonintuitive timed and sustained coordination of abdominal thoracic muscles for prolonged breath holding.While technologies, such as DIBH, have advanced to millimeter-precision in treatment delivery and motion tracking, the "human factor" of patients' ability to cooperate and perform has been addressed much less. Both are needed to optimally deliver advanced radiation therapy with minimized normal tissue effects, while alleviating physical and cognitive distress during this challenging phase of breast cancer therapy.This article discusses physical training and psychotherapeutic integrative health approaches, applied to radiation oncology, to leverage and augment the gains enabled by advanced technology-based high-precision radiation treatment in breast cancer. Such combinations of advanced technologies with training and cognitive integrative health interventions hold the promise to provide simple feasible and low-cost means to improve patient experience, emotional outcomes and quality of life, while optimizing patient performance for advanced imaging-guided treatment procedures - paving the way to improve cardiac outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

A Smart, Sensible Agriculture System Using the Exponential Moving Average Model

Smart agriculture systems with combinations of advanced technologies are used in an attempt to increase the competence of certain farming activities and the standard of living for farm employees by reducing significant labor and tedious tasks. Internet-of-things-based sensors are capable of providing such information about smart agriculture and then acting upon predictions using data analysis. The proposed methodology works alongside a cloud-based server and a mobile-based device (ideally an Android/iOS device) to assist the user in regulating the standing of the plant as monitored by a mix of software packages and hardware devices. Our system detects changes in the moisture, temperature, and light intensity conditions in and around the plant and performs a learning-based call to supply necessary irrigation and illumination to plants. It permits the user to update, manage, and monitor using wireless sensing element networks. The sensors measure the aforementioned parameters and store the data within the cloud, which users can access at any time from anywhere. Farmers will have access to the most up-to-date knowledge so that they can act accordingly and make modifications as needed. This smart planting has become a core tool associated with cost-effective technology in agricultural modernization technologies. The proposed smart modern agriculture tool can be used to monitor climatic factors such as temperature, moisture, and virtually all environmental parameters relevant to the growth of plants.

Illuminating the membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the trans-Golgi network.

Membrane contact sites (MCSs) between different organelles have been identified and extensively studied over the last decade. Several classes of MCSs have now well-established roles, although the contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the trans-side of the Golgi network (TGN) have long remained elusive. Until recently, the study of ER-TGN contact sites has represented a major challenge in the field, as a result of the lack of suitable visualization and isolation techniques. Only in the last 5years has the combination of advanced technologies and innovative approaches permitted the identification of new molecular players and the functions of ER-TGN MCSs that couple lipid metabolism and anterograde transport. Although much has yet to be discovered, it is now established that ER-TGN MCSs control phosphatidyl-4-phosphate homeostasis by coupling the cis and the trans activity of the ER-resident 4-phosphatase Sac1. In this review, we focus on recent advances on the composition and function of ER-TGN MCSs.