Combination In Dogs Research Articles

A retrospective evaluation of adverse reactions to trimethoprim‐sulphonamide combinations in dogs and cats

Adverse reactions to various trimethoprim-sulphonamide (T-S) combinations were studied retrospectively in dogs and cats referred to the Utrecht University Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals during the period 1985-1994. Dermatological and systemic reactions were observed in 19 dogs and 2 cats. Specific histological reaction patterns were seen in 3 dogs with toxic epidermal necrolysis, in 1 dog and 1 cat with erythema multiforme, and in 1 dog with pemphigus foliaceus. Diagnostic criteria used in humans proved to be reliable in dogs and cats as well. Adverse reactions were observed within 7-14 days after administration and were most often due to sulphadiazine (76%) and sulphatroxazole (14%). The incidence of adverse reactions to T-S was 0.25%.

Xylazine/ketamine combination in dogs

Xylazine/ketamine combination in dogs

Acute mouse and chronic dog toxicity studies of danthron, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, poloxalkol and combinations.

Because of an apparent typographic error in a US patent, there has been some confusion as to the acute oral toxicity of danthron and danthron in combination with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS). Acute oral toxicity studies in mice revealed LD50 values of greater than 7 gm/kg for danthron, 2.64 gm/kg for DSS and 3.42 gm/kg for danthron/DSS mixture (1:2 ratio). These results indicate that the lethality of these compounds is in the gm/kg range and not in the mg/kg range. A one year chronic toxicity study of danthron, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, poloxalkol and combinations in dogs failed to reveal any toxic effects. In particular, there was no evidence of hepatotoxicity or of any changes in the myenteric plexuses in the chronically treated dogs.

Investigations on the antihypertensive activity of timolol and bendroflumethiazide and the combination in dogs and rats.

The effects of timolol and bendroflumethiazide, either alone or combined in a fixed ratio of 4:1, on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma potassium concentration, have been investigated in normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs, and in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. In addition, the urinary kallikrein excretion has been measured in normotensive and hypertensive rats. When administered to hypertensive dogs and rats, the drug combination significantly reduced the blood pressure. Marginal reductions were observed in normotensive animals or after the administration of the single drugs. The thiazide-induced hypokalaemia and hyperreninaemia were almost completely antagonised by the concomitant administration of timolol in both animal species. A highly significant elevation of urinary kallikrein excretion was also observed in rats treated with the drug combination. A less marked increase of kallikrein excretion was noted in the bendroflumethiazide treated rats. The possibility that renal haemodynamic changes, in addition to the inhibition of the increase in plasma renin, play a role in the observed antihypertensive effects is discussed.

イヌおよびネコの麻酔におけるキシラジンの臨床応用に関する検討

In the present paper, the possibility of clinical use of Xylazine in the anesthesia of dog and cat was discussed based upon experiments with overdose of Xylazine and upon clinical use of Xylazine-Ketamine hydrochloride combination and of Xylazine-Pentobarbital sodium combination in dogs and cats.Administration of 9 mg/kg (about three times of usually recommended dose as anesthetics) of Xylazine through various routes was proved at least not to be fatal as far as clinical manifestations are concerned, as all animals could tolerate this dosage without any serious troubles.Since, even with quite high dosage of Xylazine as high as 9 mg/kg, deep anesthesia could not be obtained, Xylazine was used in combination with Ketamine hydrochloride and with Pentobarbital sodium. In both these combinations, more satisfactory anesthesia was obtained, not only with extensively low dosage of Ketamine hydrochloride or of Pentobarbital sodium, but with less undesirable reactions, characteristic in these two anesthetic agents.Being specific with these combined anesthesia, was that the effective post-anesthetic sedation was retained for rather long period, even after fairly rapid disappearance of anesthetic effects.

Blood Concentration Profiles of Acetaminophen following Oral Administration of Fatty Acid Esters of Acetaminophen with Pancreatic Lipase to Dogs

Fatty acid esters of acetaminophen were administered orally to dogs, and blood concentrations of acetaminophen were determined at various time intervals. Blood concentrations of acetaminophen following oral administration of a short chain ester, p‐acetamidophenyl acetate, were not significantly different from those found using acetaminophen. Blood concentrations of acetaminophen following oral administration of intermediate hydrocarbon chain‐length compounds were less than those of the control at 1 and 3hr postdosing. There appears to be a direct relationship between the in vitro hydrolysis rates and the blood concentration in vivo. Concomitant oral administration of acetaminophen derivatives, pancreatic lipase, and calcium salts resulted in an increase in the blood levels of acetaminophen as compared to administration of the esters alone. Calcium carbonate was included as a source of calcium ion to activate the lipase involved in the hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters. A combination of p‐acetamidophenyl acetate, p‐acetamidophenyl dodecanoate, pancreatic lipase, and calcium carbonate was shown to achieve a prolonged release of acetaminophen. p‐Acetamidophenyl acetate was thought to provide the initial release of acetaminophen; p‐acetamidophenyl dodecanoate, being hydrolyzed more slowly, provided the prolonged release, which maintained therapeutic blood concentrations for 13hr following a single dose of the combination in dogs.