Combat Zone Research Articles

Uterine natural killer cells during the implantation window period in women veterans experienced by injury with unrealished reproductive function

Annotation. Against the background of stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women, changes in the hormonal background improve – the levels of stress hormones and the morphofunctional endometrium, which in their change negatively affect the reproductive health of women in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of pathology and implantation capacity of the endometrium in women of reproductive age who took part in hostilities and suffered a concussion. Uterine natural killer cells were studied during the implantation window in 487 women of reproductive age who participated in combat operations and suffered concussions, who underwent hysteroscopy with endometrial sampling for histological examination and scanning electron microscopy on the 21st day of menstruation cycle (MC). Of these women, 246 patients – the comparison group – of reproductive age with a history of trauma without post-concussive syndrome and 211 in the main group, women of reproductive age who have consequences of concussion in the form of post-concussive syndrome. 30 conditionally healthy civilian women of reproductive age served as controls. The average age of the examined was 37.08±4.23 years. The period of stay in the combat zone is 60.26±42.21 months, the time since receiving a traumatic brain injury (concussion) is 18.8±9.2 months. Instrumental examination of women included hysteroscopy. The spectrum of MNC cells (CD16+ and CD56+) in the stroma of the endometrium on the 21st day of MC was determined. Microscopy of the preparations and all morphometric studies were performed on an Olympus AX70 Provis microscope (Olympus, Japan) using the image analysis program Analysis 3.2 Pro (Soft Imaging, Germany) according to the recommendations of the software manufacturer. The obtained results were processed using the Statistica 6.0 and Biostat software packages and methods of analytical statistics. It is established that in women military servicemen, participants in combat operations who suffered a concussion, the content of CD56+ and CD16+ cells in the stroma of the endometrium in women with post-concussion syndrome is greater than that in patients without post-concussion syndrome: in the endometrium, which corresponds to the proliferation phase, it is 1.45 (p<0.0001) and 1.64 times (p<0.0001), in the endometrium, which corresponds to the early secretion phase, 1.93 (p<0.0001) and 2.22 (p<0,0001), in the endometrium, which corresponds to the middle phase of secretion, – in 1.61 (p<0.0001) and in 3.42 (p<0.0001), in chronic endometritis – in 1.92 (p<0 .0001) and 1.94 (p<0.0001), with SAHE – in 1.79 (p<0.0001) and 1.51 (p<0.0001), with endometrial polyps – in 1, 60 (p<0.0001) and at 1.56 (p<0.0001). This study proves the need to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of endometrial pathology in women of reproductive age who participated in hostilities and suffered concussions.

Depression, anxiety and stress (according to DASS-21 test results) among students of Vinnytsya national medical university

Annotation. The military events in Ukraine (2022-2023 years), the economic and social changes closely related to them led to an increase in the level of social tension, social anxiety, and the appearance of stress among the Ukrainian population. The purpose of this study is to assess level of anxiety, depression and stress in Ukrainian medical students. The DASS-21 questionnaire (Ukrainian language version) was used to investigate 374 medical students of the II-III years of study in Vinnytsya National Medical University (the average age 19.47±0.11 years, boys – 148, girls – 226). Testing was carried out in the territory where there are no military operations, in the non-sessional period. The test results were statistically processed using the statistical analysis package of the Microsoft Excel program. It was found that there are only 67 medical students who have normative values of the DASS-21 test (17.91±1.98%). Depression of varying degrees (from mild to very severe) occurs in 198 (52.94±2.58%) students, stress is detected in 190 (50.80±2.59%) people, and anxiety in 240 (64.17±2.48%). Statistically significant gender differences in the results of the DASS-21 test are observed, in particular, the percentage of people with depression, anxiety and stress among women is higher than among guys (respectively, p˂0.001, p˂0.001, p˂0.01), female students probably more often (compared to boys) feel depressed and moody (p˂0.001), terrified (p˂0.01), close to panic (p˂0.001), or they are disturbed by situations that can cause panic or lead to deception (р˂0.001), they spend a lot of nervous energy (р˂0.001), feel low self-esteem as individuals (р˂0.01), loss of initiative (р˂0.05), the ability to feel something positive in general (p˂0.05), are too sensitive (p˂0.001), worried, excited (p˂0.01). Thus, in the difficult socio-economic conditions of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, there is widespread depression, anxiety and stress among students, studying in a higher medical institution in Ukraine, not in a combat zone. It is advisable to analyse the strategies for getting out of stressful situations used by modern students, assess their suicidal risks, and widely promote psycho-relaxing techniques and the most optimal strategies for overcoming stress among medical students.

STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY IN PRESERVING THE PRODUCTION AND MARKET POTENTIAL OF THE HONEY MARKET IN UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF DISTURBANCE

Objective. The purpose of this work is to present the results of the study of the Ukrainian honey market, to analyze the factors of formation of the production and marketing potential of the honey market in Ukraine during the period of disturbances, to systematize the characteristics of bee breeds in the context of biodiversity analysis in the context of environmental genocide and to develop directions for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity in order to preserve the production and marketing potential of the honey market in Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach. The research on honey market conditions included various methods such as synthesis and analysis, comparison, and scientific generalization. Statistical methods were also utilized to evaluate the structure and dynamics of the market, and data from different sources such as the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAOSTAT, and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were collected and analyzed. Conclusions. The impact of the disturbances has significantly affected the production and sales potential of the honey market and has exacerbated the need to address a number of pressing sectoral and macro-level issues. The main factors influencing the production and demand for beekeeping products at the industry level are the following: a 9.2 % increase in the number of bee colonies in 2016–2019, favorable weather conditions, the use of branding to promote the demand for a wide range of honey and its derivatives, the development of logistics and e-commerce (which have a positive trend). The main factors of macro-influence are the impact of disturbances, such as the spread of the pandemic, which stimulated a sharp increase in consumption in the domestic and foreign honey markets, as well as the signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in terms of increasing honey export quotas (with a 0 % duty rate on honey (which contributes to the development of the industry). The war in Ukraine in 2022 will have a negative impact on the beekeeping sector, given the concentration of a large share of producers in the combat zone, losses of apiaries and bee colonies, threats to biodiversity due to the environmental crisis in the temporarily occupied territories, theft of products in distribution centers and retail chains. Practical implications. The results of the study are of interest to both honey market participants, such as organized apiaries and private beekeepers, and related industries: farms and agroholdings for growing honey crops and other producers of honey crops who are interested in implementing regional logistics systems in the beekeeping sector based on clustering, cooperation and other forms of cooperation; cooperation of honey producers, retail chains and intermediary organizations in the field of honey marketing who are interested in developing the honey market on the basis of marketing. The proposals for the development of the production and marketing potential of enterprises in the honey market are also of interest to the NGO “Association of Beekeepers of Ukraine” and the NGO “Union of Beekeepers of Ukraine”, which are proposed to register beekeepers in accordance with the Map of Breeding Apiaries of Ukraine, and to regulate the use of the honey base, maintaining an accounting system, forming a marketing system, controlling the import-export of honey, planning the development strategy of the industry, registering clusters of beekeeping communities, providing incentives for the introduction of modern technologies and innovations in honey production, and promoting job creation in the field of beekeeping. Originality/value. The results of the analysis and the contribution of biodiversity in the beekeeping sector to the preservation of the production and marketing potential of the honey market in Ukraine are presented. The state and development trends of the Ukrainian honey market are analyzed, the factors influencing its development in the face of disturbances are identified. The SWOT-analysis of the Ukrainian honey market in the conditions of disturbances is carried out.

Cyber-Physical-Social Awareness Platform for Comprehensive Situation Awareness.

Cyber-physical-social computing system integrates the interactions between cyber, physical, and social spaces by fusing information from these spaces. The result of this fusion can be used to drive many applications in areas such as intelligent transportation, smart cities, and healthcare. Situation Awareness was initially used in military services to provide knowledge of what is happening in a combat zone but has been used in many other areas such as disaster mitigation. Various applications have been developed to provide situation awareness using either IoT sensors or social media information spaces and, more recently, using both IoT sensors and social media information spaces. The information from these spaces is heterogeneous and, at their intersection, is sparse. In this paper, we propose a highly scalable, novel Cyber-physical-social Awareness (CPSA) platform that provides situation awareness by using and intersecting information from both IoT sensors and social media. By combining and fusing information from both social media and IoT sensors, the CPSA platform provides more comprehensive and accurate situation awareness than any other existing solutions that rely only on data from social media and IoT sensors. The CPSA platform achieves that by semantically describing and integrating the information extracted from sensors and social media spaces and intersects this information for enriching situation awareness. The CPSA platform uses user-provided situation models to refine and intersect cyber, physical, and social information. The CPSA platform analyses social media and IoT data using pretrained machine learning models deployed in the cloud, and provides coordination between information sources and fault tolerance. The paper describes the implementation and evaluation of the CPSA platform. The evaluation of the CPSA platform is measured in terms of capabilities such as the ability to semantically describe and integrate heterogenous information, fault tolerance, and time constraints such as processing time and throughput when performing real-world experiments. The evaluation shows that the CPSA platform can reliably process and intersect with large volumes of IoT sensor and social media data to provide enhanced situation awareness.

The Rehabilitation of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of Servicemen: Certain Aspects

Aim: This article reviews and assesses the problematic and topical issues of rehabilitation of servicemen who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by trauma and stress during and after the completion of combat operations, and special tasks. Analysis and generalization of types of rehabilitation are based on international experience and identification of measures to overcome PTSD. Materials and Methods: The research is based on the analysis of international documents, empirical and analytical data of the World Health Organization, international and public organizations dealing with the treatment and rehabilitation of military personnel and war veterans, scientific and analytical studies related to the types of rehabilitation used to overcome the negative consequences of PTSD. Both general and specific scientific methods are applied as the foundation of the methodology: dialectical; systemic and structural; conceptual and comparative; methods of analysis, synthesis, and observation. Conclusions: The duration of stay in the combat zone, the deaths of comrades and civilians, violent acts, and the use of weapons against the enemy undoubtedly affect the psychological state of servicemen and can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological support and rehabilitation of servicemen are necessary to restore psychological health and reduce the severity of the consequences of psychological injuries, stressful conditions, and aberrant behavior outside the combat zone. Introducing new methods, technologies, tools, development of programs, and guidelines for rehabilitating military personel suffering from post-traumatic mental disorders should be universally accepted. International experience is especially important for developing and improving the rehabilitation system. International organizations should develop a single, generally accepted mechanism for overcoming the consequences of PTSD, taking into account the practice of countries that are actively working in this direction.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVENTION MEASURES EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARIOUS DENTAL LESIONS IN MILITARY PERSONNEL OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The prevalence and severity of diseases of the teeth and oral cavity are directly dependent on the level of dental care. The specific living conditions and combat activities of the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, associated with the characteristics of the military profession, influence the course of pathological processes of the dentofacial apparatus and require appropriate methods of prevention and treatment. The purpose of the research: to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of dental caries in military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Materials and methods. To conduct the study, 348 military personnel of the Ternopil zonal department of the Military Law Enforcement Service (TZDMLES) were examined; they underwent a clinical examination in order to identify carious dental damage. The intensity of caries was determined according to the CFE index, and the acid resistance of enamel was studied using the TER test. After the initial examination, military personnel of all ages underwent complete sanitation of the oral cavity. According to indications, fissures were also opened and sealed. When enamel resistance was found to be decreased and initial forms of caries were present, patients underwent deep fluoridation of enamel and dentin. In order to optimize primary prevention measures for the development of major dental diseases for military personnel, we have developed an oral care program for the period of stay in the combat zone. Results. When studying the prevalence of the carious process during the initial examination among military personnel of the TZDMLES, it was found that the prevalence of the carious process in this category of people was high: from 83.08% in the age group of 20 to 25 years to 100% in the age groups of 36 to 40 and 41 to 45 years. Indicators of the intensity of the carious process tend to increase among men and women in all age groups. After 12 months of observation, a decrease in the increase in the “C” index and a significant increase in the acid resistance of enamel was noted in all age groups examined. Conclusions. When planning measures for the primary prevention of the development of carious lesions, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the life of patients, which is especially reasonable for military personnel who are in the combat zone, and carry out preventive measures together with therapeutic ones in order to reduce the risk of developing major dental diseases and increase their combat effectiveness.

Spatial and sectoral imbalances in the economic development of Ukrainian regions: the impact of business relocation

The relocation of businesses (production facilities) from regions where active hostilities were taking place and from frontline areas to relatively safer regions, which was actively carried out starting in late March 2022, helped revive economic activity in the face of the war shock. The article shows that the relocation of business in the context of a full-scale war has led to the deindustrialization of the eastern regions and the strengthening of the industrialization of the western regions. The article reveals that the relocation of business, which was accompanied by a change in the spatial structure of the economy, was also characterized by the migration of economic, financial, investment, and innovation capital from the east to the west of the country. On the other hand, the relocation of a large number of enterprises to regions far from the combat zone was accompanied by tensions between relocated and local companies due to the difference in organizational and behavioral models of doing business. As a result, there was a low level of integration of relocated businesses into the local economy and little cooperation with local governments. The authors identify the main problems most often encountered by enterprises during relocation (first of all, the mismatch of engineering, transport infrastructure and industrial sites in the host regions with the needs of large industrial enterprises; the need to train specialists with appropriate qualifications at the relocation sites; high cost and legal and technical complexity of relocation procedures; loss of resources, goods, and fixed assets during relocation; restrictions on mobility for certain types of business due to their territorial “tying” (primarily agribusiness and large manufacturing and logistics companies)). The article identifies that the change in the spatial structure of the economy is also associated with a decrease in the business activity of agricultural enterprises whose business is tied to a specific territory. The authors emphasize that the temporal and spatial uncertainty of the hostilities, as well as the relocation of business, have led to the processes of reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities. This includes the destruction of critical and production infrastructure; logistical problems due to the limited capacity of Ukrzaliznytsya and the closure of Black Sea ports (primarily for industrial enterprises); increased production and export losses due to military disruption of normal supply chains; and a lack of orders and demand for goods (works and services). The article reveals that in the context of the reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities, the regions of southern Ukraine suffered the most, where sea transportation became impossible in the first months of the war. In general, the regions of Western Ukraine and Poltavska oblast demonstrated faster adaptation and post-shock recovery of the business environment. The main factors that impeded the resilience of the business sector in the Central and Eastern regions included geographic location (proximity to the front line), as well as logistical and energy challenges.

Investment activities in crisis: challenges, threats, and how to overcome them

The consequences of the unprovoked armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine are the destruction of various industrial and social infrastructure facilities across the territory of our country, which leads to a temporary halt and/or closure (bankruptcy) of such enterprises in the temporarily occupied territories and in the combat zone in the South and East of Ukraine. The obvious consequences of this are unemployment, the loss of housing for millions of our citizens, their death and a crisis in the economy. The new realities of economy’s functioning require a combination of investment in the defense industry of our country with significant investments in the reconstruction of the destroyed faciliries, as well as an increase in the regulatory role of the state. Strengthening the business motivation to invest and rebuild the domestic economy is combined with the development of investment passports by territorial communities, which will contribute to the formation of a favorable investment climate in specific territorial entities. It was found that the movement of a significant number of economically active workers across borders has reached its critical level and poses a threat of disrupting the systemic nature of the investment process.

INNOVATIVE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT METHODS IN IT COMPANIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF HYBRID AND REMOTE EMPLOYMENT DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE

Introduction. After the post-Kovid period in Ukraine, the long-term phase of the war with Russia began, which dictated business new conditions not only for development, but also for ensuring the survival of the enterprise itself, creating a safe environment for the employee. These challenges led to new solutions and strategies to ensure business continuity and transformed its management system. Despite the rather new problem of organizing a remote or hybrid form of employment, researchers and HR managers often raise concerns about the difficulties of intra-company communication and work that requires a creative team approach. The study of transformations of relations in the field of human resources, optimization of personnel opportunities, search for methods of effective management in the conditions of a remote form of work is an important and relevant direction of the development of the science and practice of personnel management in the conditions of security challenges and threats. Therefore, the issue of the organization of hybrid and remote personnel management in the conditions of martial law remains the least researched. Goal. The purpose of the scientific publication is to study the peculiarities of the application of innovative methods of personnel management under the conditions of hybrid and remote forms of employment during the war in Ukraine and to develop proposals for improving the efficiency of personnel management on the example of IT companies. Research methods. The methods of systematic, logical, structural, comparative analysis, expert survey, systematization and generalization of data were used. The results. According to the conducted research, the article states that hybrid employment has become the most effective for IT companies in Ukraine during martial law. This means combining fulltime work with the ability to work remotely, especially for workers in a combat zone. This allows them to work from home or shelter if their job allows. The study found that hybrid employment reduced the burden on office security, as many companies provided their employees with access to bomb shelters with uninterrupted Internet, but at the same time created risks: low stress resistance, insufficient engagement and loyalty of employees due to the lack of live communication. Therefore, a communication strategy for interaction with remote workers was proposed, the analysis of which leads to the study of the optimal form of interaction between workers. The article elaborates recommendations for IT companies regarding the use and protection of personal data, maintaining the private space of remote employees and monitoring their productivity. In addition, sound new methods of managing the productivity and motivation of employees will help the management of companies to focus on collective values. Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to develop approaches to improving personnel management in the conditions of remote work in digital business with the help of a communication strategy aimed at improving motivation, increasing personnel safety measures and maintaining a healthy psychological state of employees during military operations in conditions of mostly hybrid or remote forms of employment.

Вплив вимушеної міграції на ринок праці в Україні (аналітико-прогностичний аспект)

The article examines the peculiarities of migration processes that occurred in connection with the full-scale military intervention on the territory of Ukraine. In particular, it was found that a significant number of migrants who settled in European countries already work today and pay taxes in the countries of residence. Also, the study showed that forced migration led to a decrease in certain professional groups in Ukraine, which are mostly women. Further, it was found that the labor market in Ukraine has shown flexibility and adaptability to the challenges of wartime. Undoubtedly, the economic crisis has dealt a significant blow to the labor market, but, despite the expectations of the aggressor neighbor, it has not destroyed it. A separate estimation is given to internal forced migration of the population, the regions of Ukraine that have experienced the greatest load in connection with these processes are identified. The problems in the labor market, which were provoked by the massive uncontrolled movement of citizens, are considered. The unemployment rate was estimated according to the results of 2022, which, according to official data, was less than at the time of the outbreak of war. It should be noted that such information should be perceived critically, because not all persons of working age are registered as unemployed. At the same time, due to the analytical and prognostic aspect of the study, it was found that the future of Ukraine lies in the latest educational programs, innovations and investments, which as a result will improve the microclimate in the labor market. However, the implementation of these ambitious plans should be preceded by effective government decisions and the development of real mechanisms for change, as well as, of course, reducing pressure on business, in particular by eradicating corruption in public authorities. The systematic analysis conducted during the study led to an unequivocal conclusion: economic recovery and, accordingly, stabilization in the labor market should begin today in those regions that are not in the combat zone. This will allow identifying and examining weaknesses, also testing the system for flexibility to external factors. After the end of the war, these regions will become a reliable economic rear for those territories that need recovery and adjustment of the labor market.

ОКРЕМІ ПРОБЛЕМИ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СЕРВІСІВ В МЕДИЦИНІ У КОНТЕКСТІ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ

In times of war, fast and accurate exchange of medical information is crucial for the wounded and sick. However, incorrect or incomplete information can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, including fatal outcomes. Therefore, ensuring the reliability and timely transmission of information between military hospitals, field support hospitals, and other medical facilities is essential, with data security being a paramount concern in the field of medicine. The use of information services in medicine during a state of war in Ukraine should be based on compliance with administrative and legal principles that ensure effective, prompt, and secure handling of medical information. In our view, administrative and legal principles play a crucial role in the use of information services in medicine. On the one hand, they guarantee the protection of patient confidentiality and privacy, and on the other hand, they significantly contribute to the development and innovation in the medical field. However, as evidenced by the analysis of a significant portion of scientific sources, the use of information services also faces its own challenges and risks. This article explores the importance of administrative and legal principles in the use of information services in medicine during a state of war in Ukraine. It examines the legal aspects of protecting the confidentiality and personal information of patients under these conditions, as well as the influence of international norms and standards on the administrative and legal regime. Additionally, potential reforms aimed at improving the healthcare delivery system in times of war through the use of information technologies are discussed. The article also addresses the facilitation of using information services to improve medical diagnostics and treatment through telemedicine. One of the key advantages of information services is their impact on the development of telemedicine. Telemedicine represents an innovative approach to providing medical care remotely. It involves the use of video conferencing, electronic exchange of medical data, and other information technologies to facilitate medical consultation and diagnosis. During times of war, telemedicine can prove exceptionally beneficial as it enables doctors to consult patients and provide recommendations even in combat zones and areas with limited access. It facilitates the rapid exchange of medical information, which is critical in situations where every second counts. Resolving legal aspects related to the confidentiality of medical data, licensing of medical professionals, and compliance with legislation is an essential part of the development of telemedicine. These aspects are crucial to ensuring the quality and safety of medical care in military conflicts and other emergency situations.

The place and role of strategic management accounting in the accounting practice of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military actions

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of strategic management accounting in the accounting practice of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military operations, and determines its place in the management system as the main source of management information for making strategic decisions in the extremely difficult conditions of the functioning of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military aggression. It is noted that the company's development strategy, including in the crisis conditions of wartime, is implemented with the help of strategic planning - the development of plans, programs, budgets, procedures at the company, as a valuable expression of the organization's actions in the conditions of risks associated with the stay enterprises in the combat zone or the zone of defeat by the enemy's means (missiles, drones, artillery). A researched and systematized list of tasks to be solved by strategic management accounting of enterprises in the conditions of military operations; systematized basic strategic management accounting documents containing information about wartime emergency situations; a toolkit of management accounting is proposed, which allows to formulate the strategy of the enterprise under the conditions of military operations. Goal. The purpose of the study is to determine the place and role of strategic management accounting in the accounting practice of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military operations, the development of tools that allow making management decisions of a strategic nature in the presence of alternatives. Methods. Research methods are general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, the article uses methods of empirical analysis to study the main concepts of research, methods of document systematization; tabular methods for building a structural-logical model of calculations related to the choice of an enterprise strategy in the presence of alternatives; methods of generalization in the process of formulating conclusions. The results. The work proves that today strategic management accounting is one of the functions of strategic management, which provides managers with information about the state of the enterprise and the possibilities of its development in conditions of military risks; the list of tasks to be solved by the strategic management accounting of enterprises in the conditions of military operations has been clarified, its methodical support has been improved taking into account emergency situations of a military nature.

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Abstract. Bronchial asthma (��) is one of the most common conditions of the respiratory system that develops in the military and civilian population in war zones, which is caused by the combined exposure of a complex of factors that pollute the environment during the military missions deployment. For Ukraine, the issue of the respiratory system morbidity from exposure to chemical air pollutants in the territory of hostilities is a new challenge. Materials and methods. Analytical review of scientific publications was performed using abstract databases of scientific libraries PubMed, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses PubMed, Central, BMJ group and other VIP databases using system and content analysis. Results. A wide range of chemical factors has a combined effect on the respiratory system of the military and civilian population, leading to the development of BA. Among them are components of explosive gases, particulate matter, emissions of diesel fuel, burn pits products, biological factors, consequences of fires, geological dust. According to epidemiological studies, the prevalence of BA among military personnel in combat zones is 3-6 %. During the functional examination of the lungs, 15 % of the examined showed bronchial hyperreactivity, which is a pathogenetic link of such diseases as BA, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome, which are related to DRLD � Deployment Respiratory Lung Diseases. Conclusions. BA is one of the most documented diseases of the respiratory system caused by exposure to chemical pollutants in war zones. In Ukraine, the system of providing medical aid to the military and civilian population in the territory of hostilities needs to be improved, taking into account the experience of other countries. In particular, the issue of approving the presumptive list of conditions recognized to be related to military service during hostilities and including BA should be considered.

РОССИЯНЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ ВОЕННОЙ ОПЕРАЦИИ

The article considers the special military operation (SVO) as one of the deepest and most acute military crises in the social history of Russia. Based on qualitative and quantitative empirical data at the all-Russian level, the complexity of the social situation of Russians in the combat zone and on the territory of municipalities is revealed and justified. Features of the behavior of various subjects showing solidarity and social responsibility for large-scale opposition to the Nazis and Western anti-Russian aggression are presented.

ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ ДИТЯЧИХ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ В УКРАЇНІ У ПЕРІОД ВІЙНИ

In modern conditions of war, the question of situation for children in the institutions of Ukraine is extremely relevant. First, despite the presence of significant positive results of the deinstitutionalization policy in the form of an increase in the number of children placed in family forms of upbringing over the last decade, a large number of children continue to live in institutions. In addition, due to the war in Ukraine, thousands of children have become orphans or have lost their contact with relatives and have found themselves in difficult life circumstances. War actually destroys children's right to childhood and their usual picture of life, causes irreparable damage to their physical and mental health. The state and the public faced a new task, which is ensuring children’s safety and wellbeing during hostilities. The article examines the experience of the first months of joint work of the state and nonstate sectors in ensuring children’s safety and well-being in institutions. The authors highlight 2 key challenges for children's institutions that have been arising during the war: the need to evacuate many institutions and ensure the functioning of these institutions in wartime conditions. Therefore, the basic scenarios of evacuation of children and changes in the work of institutions for children during the war are considered. Undoubtedly, the issue of evacuating children from combat zones and ensuring proper conditions for living, education, and psychological rehabilitation is a priority for the state. The scenarios for the evacuation of children were quite different, but their success was actually determined by the level of interaction between the local authorities, the management of institutions and representatives of civil society. In general, three main directions of evacuation of children in institutional institutions can be distinguished: evacuation to other regions of Ukraine, evacuation outside Ukraine, return to the family. As for the changes in the work of children's institutional institutions in Ukraine during the war, the following categories of institutions are tentatively distinguished: 1) institutions that were evacuated within the borders of Ukraine or some of the pupils of which were returned to their families, 2) institutions that were evacuated abroad of Ukraine, 3) institutions that were not evacuated and hosted children and staff from evacuated institutions, 4) institutions that were not evacuated and did not accept children from other institutions.

HYPERACTIVE BLADDER SYNDROME SECONDARY TO BAROTRAUMA AND CHRONIC STRESS.

The aim: To improve the results of treatment of hyperactive bladder syndrome in men of working age on the background of barotrauma and stress, as a consequence of combat trauma. Materials and methods: An analysis of the questionnaire and the results of the clinical examination of 32 patients, injured servicemen and people who were injured in combat zones was carried out. The drug solifenacin succinate was used in the treatment complex, which is a specific antagonist of M3 subtype cholinergic receptors. Its influence allows you to achieve relaxation of the bladder detrusor and reduce the contractility of hyperactive bladder. Results: The main criterion for the effectiveness of the treatment was a decrease in the number of urgent cases, the frequency of urination and manifestations of nocturia by 50% or more, which was considered a positive effect. At the same time, the positive effect was differentiated as follows : an improvement of these parameters by 75% or more from the initial value which is a good result; reduction of symptoms in the range of 50-75% is satisfactory; less than 50% is an unsatisfactory result. A positive effect from the treatment after 8 weeks was observed in 88% of patients, of which 52% had a good result and 36% had a satisfactory result. Conclusions: The proposed complex of treatment of hyperactive bladder syndrome as a result of combat trauma against the background of barotrauma with neurological consequences and chronic stress allows to achieve a pronounced clinical effect in the vast majority of male patients of working age. And the diagnostic complex allows you to emphasize aspects of clinical vigilance, both for doctors of a specialized branch and of doctors of a general direction.

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With the beginning of the large-scale invasion of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, Ukrainian military personnel of the Defense Forces of Ukraine, after participating in combat operations, began to experience combat stress, which manifested itself in the form of acute stress reactions, affective and anxiety disorders, adaptation disorders, addictive and delinquent behavior, suicidal manifestations. Therefore, for such military personnel, after long-term participation in hostilities, it is necessary to carry out measures of psychological recovery. The developed seven-day "Invincibility Program" was implemented during 2022?2023 in a rehabilitation center located not far from the combat zone, where more than 3500 military personnel underwent psychological recovery. The purpose of the psychological recovery program for military personnel after participating in combat operations was to eliminate the negative impact of combat stress on the psyche of combatants, strengthen mental health and mobilize their psychological resources, improve adaptation to combat conditions, and return military personnel to combat activities as soon as possible. In order to carry out the psychological recovery of military personnel after the completion of combat missions, the testimony was formulated, which established the fact that the combatants experienced events that go beyond ordinary human experience, capable of traumatizing the psyche of any healthy person. The main measures included in the "Invincibility Program" were conducted in group form and consisted of three blocks: psychological, medical, and social. The program's activities led to an improvement in the mental state and positive significant changes in the well-being of its participants, the mobilization of psychological resources, and an increase in the resilience of military personnel to combat stress.

ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІВ ДИХАННЯ ВІД ВПЛИВУ ХІМІЧНИХ ЗАБРУДНЮВАЧІВ ПОВІТРЯ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ВОЄННИХ ДІЙ

The problem of the respiratory diseases in the military and civilians caused by exposure to air pollutants on the territory of hostilities is new for Ukraine. Given the variety of sources of air pollution, the combined exposure to diverse hazards, this issue requires careful research and analysis of experience gained in war zones in different countries of the world. Aim: analysis of epidemiological and clinical data on air pollution in the territory of hostilities and its influence on respiratory system of the military and civilians. Materials and methods. Analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using abstract databases of scientific libraries: Pub Med, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses Pub Med, Central, BMJ group and other VIP-databases. Results. In addition to explosive gases, atmospheric air pollutants in the territory of hostilities include vehicle exhaust emission, sulfur mustard gas, organic chlorines, pollutants of burn pits: particulate matter, dioxin, n-hexane, benzene, etc., which form a complex combined effect on the respiratory system. The most common chronic respiratory diseases in combat zone are: bronchial asthma, constrictive bronchiolitis, persistent bronchoobstructive conditions, interstitial lung diseases (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (so called deploymentrelated lung diseases). Data on functional, imaging, and pathomorphological biomarkers of chronic respiratory diseases are insufficient and inconsistent. Conclusions: A wide range of air pollutants in the war zone has a combined effect on the health of the military and civilians, leading to the development of inflammatory, allergic, fibrotic, immune-related respiratory diseases. Understanding the mechanism of development of such diseases, determining biomarkers of functional, imaging and pathomorphological signs can be a serious tool in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in the military and civilian population in the war zone. Key words: respiratory diseases, the territory of military operations, exposure to chemical air pollutants

Кругосветное путешествие петроградских детей (1918–1920)

The publication includes a historical essay: the description of a forced round-the-world trip of about 800 children and adolescents with caregivers, sent from Petrograd, which was on the verge of a famine catastrophe, in May 1918 to the Urals and Western Siberia for three months in a “nourishment colony”. Cut off from home by the uprising of the Czechoslovak Legion and by events on other fronts of the Civil War in Russia, they began to suffer from cold and hunger in the autumn — winter of 1918 and ended up in the care of the American Red Cross, which in the summer of 1919 took them from the combat zone to Vladivostok, where they lived until July 1920. Due to the impossibility of returning through the Far East and Siberia, they sailed on a Japanese ship under the flag of the Red Cross along the route: Muroran (Japan), San Francisco, Panama Canal, New York, Helsinki, Koivisto (Finland), Petrograd. The paper includes the first publication of two colonists’ documents: a handwritten newspaper, ‘Kur’inskaia mozaika’ (Mosaic of Kurya), from July 13, 1918, and the handwritten diary of the colonist Mikhail Ivanovich Kholin for the period July 12 — September 18, 1920 (Vladivostok — Petrograd). The documents were received from A. L. Moyzhes (1910–2014).

Innovative financing tools for humanitarian projects in the context of war: Ukraines experience

It has been established that in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, charitable organizations, fundraising platforms, and citizen-led initiatives have become key players in addressing essential humanitarian needs. Through them, medical assistance, food, clothing, and other necessary resources are provided to civilians, particularly in the occupied and frontline territories. Equally important is the work with internally displaced persons, veterans, women, and children who have been affected by the war, ensuring their rehabilitation, psychological support, and integration into society. They also take initiatives to restore damaged and destroyed infrastructure objects, especially in active combat zones. The research results have shown the necessity of enhancing the efficiency of humanitarian project funding through the application of innovative technologies. It is proposed to use information systems for analyzing geospatial data, which can help in more accurately identifying territories with the most significant humanitarian needs and better planning resources. Considering the abundance of information related to humanitarian needs, financial transactions, and risks during wartime, it is justified to utilize artificial intelligence and machine learning for effective data processing and decision-making. Attention has been given to the use of cryptocurrencies as a promising instrument that can replace traditional methods of fundraising for humanitarian projects. It has been found that active use of mobile applications and social networks will enable the engagement of more participants, scaling up fundraising efforts, and increasing awareness about humanitarian needs. These innovations will make humanitarian project funding in the conditions of war more capable of addressing complex social challenges. Additionally, creating an interactive data exchange platform will facilitate better collaboration among charitable organizations, fundraising platforms, citizen-led initiatives, and governmental bodies, ensuring balanced and effective assistance.