Combat Tasks Research Articles

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ МЕДИКО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО СУПРОВОДУ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

Introduction. Maintaining the mental health of servicemen is the most important social and medical joint task of the Command of the Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Current events in the country show that the psychological health of servicemen, both in peacetime and in wartime, is not only a medical, psychological, but also a psychiatric problem.Purpose. Development and substantiation of the concept of medical and psychological support of servicemen in order to prevent the occurrence and progression of mental disorders in servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.Originality. The essence of psychological support is to form in servicemen such a psychological resource that will allow to perceive extreme conditions of hostilities as normal conditions of military service: quickly identify and analyze the combat situation, identify threatening factors, respond to them in a timely manner, maintain the required level of combat readiness.The activity of psychological support is aimed, first of all, not at the action, but at the object and essence of military psychological activity - psychological support of servicemen during the entire service, starting from the military commissariats.Medical and psychological support of servicemen is an interdisciplinary dynamic system of social and medical and psychological actions aimed at adapting servicemen to the conditions of military service in various military formations, in peacetime and in wartime. Thanks to him, not only timely medical and psychological assistance is provided in crisis military-professional situations, but also mastering by servicemen of skills of providing psychological self- and mutual assistance in extreme (non-standard, stressful) conditions, which increases their stress resistance, professional adaptability, psychological endurance and accumulates. psychological resource of the serviceman's personality.In the course of the research, we singled out the concepts of “medical and psychological support”, “psychological selection”, “psychoprophylaxis” in the system of moral and psychological support. Substantiated and structured concept of medical and psychological support, which can be applied to different military units. The stages of psychological support and the scope of actions to be performed on each of them by psychologists (specialists in moral and psychological support) and doctors are determined. It is proved that a well-established mechanism of psychological support is important not only in everyday activities, but also during hostilities, because it helps to preserve the mental health of servicemen, prevent panic attacks in extreme combat conditions, the formation of a stable resource state of servicemen. allows them to perform combat (military-professional) tasks without distress overload.Conclusion. The article considers the concept of medical and psychological support of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The content of medical and psychological support is to identify, analyze, assess the dynamics of socio-psychological climate in military teams, direct monitoring of the mental state of servicemen, providing medical and psychological assistance in difficult psychological conditions of military service, monitoring and adjusting socio-psychological processes teams.

АНАЛІЗ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ДО БОЙОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article analyzes the notion of and its structural components. Theoretical analysis is carried out and the nature and subject of approaches to the definition of the military personnel’s psychological readiness for combat activities functional component are revealed. Problem Statement. The military activity was a specific and very important type of human activity at all times. The current historical era when there is fighting in the east of the country, changes the classical approaches to psychological training and as a result, the psychological readiness of soldiers to carry out combat tasks. The elements of modernity are present not only in the nature of combat tasks, but also in the conditions of their fulfillment. In combat, military personnel set two main goals: to survive on the battlefield and fulfill successfully a combat task. It should be noted that the psychological readiness of military personnel to act in extreme conditions is a leading factor for military personnel lives’ saving and realization of the state national interests. Prominently in analysis of this problem is to determine the structure of psychological readiness in general and research each of its components in detail. Thus, the research of the military personnel’s psychological readiness for combat activities functional component is significant at the present time of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Purpose is a theoretical and methodological analysis of approaches to determine functional readiness as one of the military personnel’s psychological readiness components. Methods. The choice of the main methods of military personnel’s psychological readiness for combat activities functional component research such as content analysis and generalization is determined by the specifics of this integral phenomenon. Originality. It is established that functional readiness is formed and developed on the basis of general psychological readiness in the process of professional training and has a direct impact on the effectiveness of combat activities of military personnel. Conclusion. Thus, we reveal the versatility and multifunctionality of psychological readiness problem after analysis of the most important psychological researches. The structure contains the specifics of the activity, purpose, methods and conditions of its realization. At this time, it is impossible to highlight one key element that affects the psychological readiness more than others. That is, the level of formation and development of military personnel’s psychological readiness to perform combat activities should be considered as a synergy of all its components. At the same time, we can identify a number of components that are common to many types of activity. One of these basic components is functional readiness. It is part of different activities and reflects the acquirement of special skills specific to a particular activity or task. Military activity is characterized by psychological, social, moral, professional aspects associated with the need to make individual, mature and informed decisions quickly that may be accompanied by important social responsibility. Therefore, the level of functional readiness has a direct impact on their effectiveness. The direction of further research is a detailed analysis of other components of military personnel’s psychological readiness, identification of factors that negatively and positively affect the formation and development of psychological readiness’ structural components.

Удосконалення лікувально-евакуаційних заходів у Десантно-штурмових військах Збройних Сил України в умовах збройного конфлікту

Мета. Наукове обґрунтування удосконалення системи ЛЕЗ у ДШВ ЗС України через приведення організаційно-штатної структури медичних підрозділів частин ДШВ у відповідність до специфічних умов діяльності цього роду військ в умовах збройного конфлікту.
 Методи дослідження. Проаналізований розподіл локалізації поранень у тактичних підрозділах СВ ЗС України в зоні проведення АТО/ООС протягом 2017-2018 рр. На підставі звітів та заповнених польових медичних карток (ПМК) Ф-300 (n=114), була зібрана та проаналізована інформація щодо локалізації поранень у військовослужбовців ДШВ ЗС України (79 і 95 Окремі десантно-штурмові бригади та 25 Окрема повітряно-десантна бригада) в зоні проведення АТО/ООС за той же період, а також у підрозділах ДШВ, що приймали участь у рейдових діях протягом 2014 р. Методологія дослідження базувалася на системному підході. Для вирішення поставлених завдань застосовувались наступні методи: системного аналізу (системно-історичний, системно-структурний, системно-комунікативний) та методи статистичного аналізу. При обробці результатів досліджень використовувалися методика φ – Фішера, критерії χ² – Пірсона і t – Стьюдента. 
 Результати. При порівняльному аналізі розподілу локалізації поранень під час проведення рейдових дій підрозділами ДШВ, з’ясувалось, що він відрізняється від такого розподілу у тактичних підрозділах СВ і ДШВ в зоні проведення АТО/ООС із статистично значущим (рα (t, df)≤0,05) переважанням поранень голови і кінцівок, причому шанс отримати поранення голови (при розрахунку відношення шансів) у цього контингенту за таких умов збільшується у 1,3 рази, що викликано принципово іншою бойовою обстановкою, способами і методами ведення бойових дій. Це акцентує увагу на необхідності наявності хірургічної та анестезіологічної компоненти при наданні медичної допомоги в підрозділах і частинах ДШВ при виконанні специфічних завдань в умовах ізоляції та автономного функціонування. 
 Висновки. Необхідною умовою для успішного виконання завдань, притаманних ДШВ ЗС України (десантно-рейдові, десантно-ударні, десантно-штурмові дії, дії в умовах десантування) є удосконалення системи ЛЕЗ шляхом приведення організаційно-штатної структури медичних підрозділів частин цього роду військ у відповідність до специфічних умов діяльності, шляхом підсилення їх лікарями-спеціалістами, які можуть повноцінно надавати первинну та елементи вторинної медичної допомоги. Ця ідея в ході виконання роботи була реалізована в практичну площину, шляхом розробки і затвердження відповідної Директиви ГШ ЗС України (2018 р.), з введенням в штати медичних рот частин ДШВ лікарів-хірургів і лікарів-анестезіологів, що є особливо актуальним в умовах ізоляції та автономного функціонування підрозділів ДШВ при виконанні специфічних бойових завдань.

Autonomous Combat Support Vehicles in Urban Operations: Tactical and Technical Determinants

The idea of using unmanned platforms for combat tasks is progressing. The analysis of contemporary armed conflicts indicates that in the future, military operations will be largely carried out in urbanized areas. The article outlines the tactical conditions determining the operation of unmanned ground platforms on the urbanized battlefield and formulates tactical and technical requirements to be met by an autonomous combatsupport vehicle (ACSV) designed to cooperate with infantry subunits in contemporary and future military operations.

INFLUENCE OF HUMAN FACTOR ON COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS OF SMALL ARMS FIRING OPERATIONS WITH OPTICAL SIGHT

Authors are considering the combat task structure as a logical chain of the object models participating in its execution: shooter with small arms with optical sight in his hands, explosive items (ammunition) which are directed to target. Shooter through optical sight and air environment is contacting visually with a target. As we can see, the key role in this chain belongs to the shooter. Paper purpose is to assess influence of human factor to combat effectiveness in the chain of combat task execution from a view point of fundamental theory. A closed cycle of combat task execution using small arms with optical sight is considered in the paper. Probability of combat task execution is assessed taking into consideration the reliability of shooting data preparation, target detection, recognition and identification, correct aiming and impact at shooting.

Current Findings from the British Military Women in Close Combat Task Force

F-26 Highlighted Symposium - Military Human Performance Optimization and Injury Prevention: International Perspectives Friday, May 29, 2020, 3: 15 PM - 5: 15 PM Room: CC-3012 Military Human Performance Optimization (HPO) can be defined as the process of applying scientific knowledge, skills, and emerging technologies to improve and preserve the capabilities of military members, and organizations to execute essential occupational tasks. HPO and injury prevention for military personnel is critical

Досвід бойового застосування передових авіаційних навідників під час бойових дій в Афганістані

В статті автором, на підставі власного досвіду, детально проаналізовано порядок роботи передових авіаційних навідників по управлінню підрозділами армійської авіації при виконанні ними основних бойових завдань під час бойових дій в Афганістані, а саме, під час безпосередньої авіаційної підтримки сухопутних військ на полі бою, доставки в райони бойових дій боєприпасів і продовольства та евакуації звідти поранених і вбитих, десантування тактичних повітряних десантів та їх евакуації після виконання бойових завдань, супроводу автомобільних колон.

СТВОРЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО БРОНЬОВОГО ЗАХИСТУ ВОЇНА ПІД ЧАС АНТИТЕРОРИСТИЧНОЇ ОПЕРАЦІЇ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ (2014 – 2017 рр.)

The author of the article considers the problems of creation and improvement of the means of individual armor protection of soldiers in combat during the conduct of the anti-terrorist operation in the East of Ukraine in 2014 - 2017. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the creation and improvement of the main element of armor protection of a serviceman - a bulletproof vest. At the same time, it draws attention to the creation of the main components and materials of which body armor is made. While revealing this process in complex, the author pay attention to the difficult situation in Ukraine, especially at the beginning of the anti-terrorist operation. The fact that the process of creation and improvement of the domestic bulletproof vest in 2014 - 2017 noted a fierce competitive struggle between manufacturers for the market of their products. TEMP-3000 LLC won this fight. The author draws attention to the fact that in the first year of conducting an anti-terrorist operation to provide military personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, who participated in it, often received bulletproof vests with low protective properties. Only a principled approach to the assessment of their quality by the control laboratories of the I. Chernyakhovsky National University and the Central Research Institute of Arms and Military Equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine did not allow to accept them into service. Pointing to this, the author, however, confirms that such facts occurred, mainly, in the first year of conducting an anti-terrorist operation in the east of Ukraine under conditions of acute shortage in these funds. In specific examples, the author shows that significant progress has been made in the development of PPE during the anti-terrorist operation. Comparing the samples of body armor during the beginning and end of the anti-terrorist operation, the author emphasizes that in many ergonomic, operational and protective characteristics they were not inferior to the world standards, and in some respects exceeded them. Analyzing the process of creating individual armor protection in the period of ATO in 2014 - 2017, the author concludes that the most promising is highly specialized bulletproof vests, designed to solve combat tasks in specific conditions, with different levels of protection by zones, area and mass, with different options.

Evaluation of actions efficiency of mobile combat robots by methods of mass-service theory

The article confirms that at the present stage of the development of domestic military science, the simulation of military operations is an important tool for predicting the possible results of a military conflict with the subsequent development of recommendations for its planning and management. It is determined that other mathematical methods provide ample opportunity to solve particular problems in the implementation of the principles of military art. Using various mathematical methods and electronic computer technology, it is possible to develop quantitative recommendations for making decisions in various combat situations.The possibility of using queuing systems techniques for modeling the combat operations of mobile combat robots is shown. The use of such techniques made it possible to obtain an analytical description of the final probabilities for an incompletely accessible queuing system and to expand the possibilities of taking into account the conditions for fulfilling the combat tasks of military units equipped with mobile combat robots. For this purpose, a model is described and considered that describes the battle when the firing is conducted on the observed targets and, in the event of a target hit, the fire is instantly transferred to the unaffected one. This model is illustrated by a functional diagram that clearly shows the work on the targets of five of the same type of mobile combat robots. In this case, the identification of targets is carried out by an exponential law with a function of distributing the service time of the target and the average intensity of their detection and destruction.The characteristics of the efficiency of the queuing system in a stationary (steady state) mode, that is, with an unlimitedly growing time of its operation, are determined. Two coefficients have also been introduced that will characterize the relationship between the duration of the strike phase and the time of the entire process of serving the target. Based on the research, for example, the corresponding calculations were carried out and the boundaries of the possible use of a group of mobile combat robots, consisting of five units, for the military unit were outlined. The workload of each machine and, accordingly, the efficiency of the unit as a whole are determined, recommendations are given on their quantitative composition.

СЛОВАЦЬКА АРТИЛЕРІЯ У БОЙОВИХ ДІЯХ ПОЧАТКОВОГО ЕТАПУ НІМЕЦЬКО-РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ (КІНЕЦЬ ЧЕРВНЯ – СЕРЕДИНА СЕРПНЯ 1941 РОКУ)

At the initial stage of the war against the USSR, in addition to German troops, Allied armies, including Slovakia, participated in the fighting on the territory of Ukraine. This country exhibited a relatively small contingent, representing all major arms. A significant role in the fighting played artillery units.On the eve of the war against the USSR, Slovakia had a large, though not too modern, artillery park (the share of modern artillery systems was 16.5%). However, its use in the first weeks of combat was very limited. In fact, only the artillery units of the Mobile Group reorganized into the Mobile Brigade were active in combat, initially one division (9 guns) and later an artillery regiment (36 guns). For this purpose the Slovak command has allocated the most modern artillery systems on mechanical traction –100 mmhowitzer vz. 30 and105 mmguns vz. 35. In addition, infantry guns used a small number of75 mmmountain guns vz. 15. The Mobile Brigade artillery demonstrated high efficiency during the largest fighting in the studied period with the participation of Slovak troops – the battle of Lipovec on July 22-23, 1941.The second component of the Slovak contingent allocated to participate in the war against the USSR, the Army Group, had a significantly stronger artillery component. It initially consisted of four artillery regiments – two in divisions and two separate. However, they did not carry out any combat tasks by their intended purpose. This is compounded by the fact that the Army Group served in the rear area and performed order maintenance activities in the occupied territory.All the artillery pieces used by the Slovak army were manufactured by Skoda. Among them were dominated by100 mmhowitzers of three different models – vz. 14/19, vz. 16/19 and vz. 30. The most modern model of artillery was the105 mmheavy cannon vz. 35. Mountain75 mmguns vz. 15 were used to directly support infantry.

До питання про бойову стійкість кораблів (катерів) Військово-морських Сил України та її впливу на реалізацію їх бойових можливостей

На основі аналізу можливостей засобів космічної та повітряної розвідки збройних сил провідних держав світу, Російської Федерації щодо виявлення кораблів (катерів) та бойових можливостей їх ударних протикорабельних засобів, розроблений науково-методичний апарат розрахунку бойової стійкості кораблів (катерів) ВМС України, яку необхідно обов’язково враховувати на етапі планування бойових дій при оцінці бойових можливостей кораблів (катерів) та їх груп. На цій основі обґрунтовані та запропоновані пропозиції щодо підвищення бойової стійкості кораблів (катерів) ВМС України.

PILICA Anti-Aircraft Rocket-Artillery System - a V-SHROAD System

The PILICA Anti-Aircraft Rocket-Artillery System has been developed for the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. The PILICA Anti-Aircraft Rocket-Artillery System is composed of: The Command and Control station, the Radiolocating station, six Firing Units along with Artillery Tractors, two Transport Vehicles, and two Ammunition Vehicles. PILICA's task is that of detecting, recognising, and identifying objects, then automatically dividing the tasks and commands for efficient elimination. PILICA’s Firing Unit has autonomous-mode target detection, identification and elimination capabilities (without cooperating with Command and Control) using equipment such as its optoelectronic head and IFF system. In the system operation mode and in cooperation with Command and Control, the Firing Unit and its subsystems ensure the reception of commands/combat tasks in its fire responsibility zone, as well as reporting statuses and the completion of the given combat tasks. Reporting and command reception from the Command and Control station is automated. The Firing Unit can fire using its automatic tracking system, or when operated in manual mode. The Firing unit has been equipped with a portable remote control console, providing the ability to use it remotely. In case of a power supply malfunction in the Firing Unit, it is possible to use it entirely manually, with the use of artillery weapons. The Firing Unit is equipped with a stabilised, optoelectronic day-night head that enables it to work independently of the weapons when it comes to observation and detecting, as well as identifying, objects. The head constitutes not only an element of the guidance system, but also a source of information for the entire System, as the data on the detected and observed objects is exchanged within the entire command network. PILICA is equipped with an unique formation and training system, providing capabilities for training teams on real equipment, with the use of a virtual simulation management system employing the DIS protocol.

Partial methodology for assessing the younger specialists competence level in the training center

The experience of the employment of troops (forces) during the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) and Joint Forces Operation (JFO) on the East of Ukraine shows us that the most effective result in combat operations achieved by units equipped with personnel that received appropriate trainings and has an experience in combat actions. Therefore, the successful accomplishment of combat tasks of unit will directly depend on the level of competence of the individual soldier. This encourages the research and establishment of new approaches to the organization and preparation of their training, which requires the development of a scientific and methodical apparatus for evaluation the competence level of training center junior specialists. In the article presents a partial methodology for assessing the younger specialists competence level in the training center. Moreover, which is built on the basis of multicriteria task calculation, which allows not only to evaluate the results of serviceman preparation and training on the subjects of study, but also to take into account personal qualities. This it possible to quantify the serviceman competence level, as well as to identify the “weaknesses” in the organization and conduct of the educational process.

DEPENDABILITY FOR THE MILITARY VEHICLES IN THE SAFETY ASPECTS

The article discusses the essence of dependability for the military vehicles, the knowledge of which ensures success in the mission and provides an appropriate level of the crew safety while executing combat tasks. The paper also includes an analysis of factors affecting the dependability for the military vehicles.

Readiness to Perform Service and Combat Tasks in Extreme Situations: Motivational Aspect

Readiness to Perform Service and Combat Tasks in Extreme Situations: Motivational Aspect

An unmanned air combat system based on swarm intelligence

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are usually controlled by radio or by autonomous control algorithms. Compared with manned aerial vehicles, they have great advantages in performing dangerous tasks but, presently, no UAV system can cope with high-intensity air combat. In addition, the robustness of a single UAV cannot be guaranteed in air combat missions; on the other hand, a multi-UAV system not only ensures this robustness but also improves the mission success rate by using saturation attacks. Therefore, this paper presents a multi-UAV air combat system based on swarm intelligence. Considering the problem of multi-UAV cooperative arrival at the air battlefield and the accomplishment of combat tasks, the aerodynamic model of the aircrafts and the threat area on the path to the battlefield are modeled; the path planning is completed through an ant colony algorithm. Based on the control algorithm of single-UAV finite-state machine and the cooperation of multiple UAVs, an autonomous control algorithm for multi-UAV systems is proposed to improve the success rate of UAV clusters in air combat. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested with a simulation platform.

Clustering optimization algorithm for large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle based on intelligent behavior of pigeons

In future air battlefield, clusters of large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) will become the dominant force. The effective grouping and clustering of large-scale UAV cluster systems are necessary steps to complete combat tasks. Due to the limited communication constraints in the battlefield, UAVs cannot obtain comprehensive and effective global combat information. Thus, this paper proposed a large-scale UAV clustering optimization algorithm based on the intelligent behavior of pigeons. Also, this paper studied and analyzed the intelligent behavior of the flock of pigeons with excellent navigation ability and mapped the hierarchical network mechanism in the flight process of the pigeon flock into the pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm. Hence, it solved the problem of incomplete information in a limited interactive environment. On one hand, it is more effective and direct to guide the pigeon flock from adjacent individuals during flight. Therefore, under the limited interaction condition, the global optimal information of the basic PIO algorithm is replaced by the optimal individual information within the interaction range. On the other hand, the central position renewal of the pigeon flock consists of three parts: inertia part, imitation part, and environmental impact part. In order to verify the effectiveness of the improved PIO algorithm in a limited interactive range, this paper adopted three algorithms to cluster three datasets. Simulation results reveal that the improved PIO algorithm achieved significant improvement in the optimal solution and the average optimal solution; notably, the computation time does not increase significantly, thus providing an effective solution for the clustering of UAV cluster systems in the actual combat environment.

The Research on Application of Electronic Warfare Forces of Brigade Combat Team in U.S. Army

In this paper, studies have been researched on the electronic warfare action of brigade combat team (BCT) in U.S. Army, which briefly introduced the composition of the electronic warfare forces of BCT, and focused on the problems about the application of electronic warfare forces in the offensive combat on the basis of the analysis about the coordination of the combat tasks. All of the work has the realistic and directive significance. The U.S. army views that electronic warfare has a very important non-lethal capacity, which can be used in the three categories of actions through electronic attack, electronic protection and electronic supporting. Electronic warfare, as the multiplier of combat effectiveness, can utilize electromagnetic energy or directional energy to control electromagnetic spectrum, attack enemy electronic devices, and provide strong support for ground forces operations

Attacking Strategy of Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles with Improved GWO Algorithm Under Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Unmanned combat system is one of the important means to capture information superiority, carry out precision strike and accomplish special combat tasks in information war. Unmanned attack strategy plays a crucial role in unmanned combat system, which has to ensure the attack by unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) from failure. To meet the challenge, we propose a task allocation algorithm called distributed auction mechanism task allocation with grey wolf optimization (DAGWO). The traditional grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is improved with a distributed auction mechanism (DAM) to constrain the initialization of wolves, which improves the optimization process according to the actual situation. In addition, one unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is employed as the central control system to establish task allocation model and construct fitness function for the multiple constraints of US V attack problem. The proposed DAGWO algorithm can not only ensure the diversity of wolves, but also avoid the local optimum problem. Simulation results show that the proposed DAGWO algorithm can effectively solve the problem of attack task allocation among multiple USVs.

МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПОСТРІЛУ З УРАХУВАННЯМ РОЗДУТТЯ КАНАЛУ СТВОЛА ВОГНЕПАЛЬНОЇ ЗБРОЇ ЯК ЗАСІБ ВПЛИВУ НА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОНАННЯ СЛУЖБОВО-БОЙОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ СИЛАМИ БЕЗПЕКИ

The role and place of operational control of armament parameters in ensuring the given efficiency of performance of service and combat tasks by security forces are noted. The barrel bulge diagnosing method based on the analysis of experimentally received ballistic elements of a shot is considered. To implement this method, you need to have reference curves for ballistic elements of shot – the pressure of the powder gases and the velocity of the projectile – which correspond to different degrees of manifestation of the barrel bulge. Reference curves can be obtained by simulating the firing process numerically. Simulation of the firing process by numerical method, taking into account the bulge, requires considering the loss of powder gases due to their breakthrough between the walls of the barrel and the projectile. Methods for accounting the loss of some of the powder gases in variable cross-section of the barrel were not developed at this time. Thus, improving the shot model taking into account the loss of powder gases due to bulge is an urgent task. The purpose of this work is to develop the mathematical description of the barrel bulge and obtain the mathematical basis for its accounting in the shot model. The mathematical description of the bulge by means of polynomial and trigonometric functions is given. The fundamentals of the bulge accounting in the shot model are considered. In particular, when modeling the firing process, the effect of the breakthrough of powder gases should be taken into account by introducing into the difference model of the shot a special factor ‒ the coefficient of loss of mass of powder gases. The curves for the pressure of powder gases and the velocity of the projectile for various samples of firearms are obtained by numerical modeling. The presence of the bulge can be well identified by the appearance of graphs of pressure and velocity for different degrees of this defect. The results of the work prove the possibility of barrel bulge detection by the curve analysis; moreover the location and the degree of manifestation of this defect can be determined.