Combat Efficiency Research Articles

A Real-time Assessment System for Cognitive Performances of Armored Vehicle Crews Based upon the Multi-source Information Fusion

In the human-machine system of armored vehicles, the cognitive performance state of crews is crucial for the personnel security and combat efficiency. The purpose of this research was to establish a real-time assessment system for cognitive performances of armored vehicle crews, consisting of the data input module, data processing module, data visualization module, and scheduling module. Forty subjects were recruited to cooperate and execute the cross-platform strike task in a virtual simulation platform. The physiological data and operation behavior data was collected during the experiment process. To realize the accurate classification of different cognitive performance states, a multi-source information fusion algorithm was developed based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and D-S evidence theory, which included the information collection module, the feature extraction module, and the information fusion module. The results indicated that there existed a significant correlation between the extractive feature indicators (i.e., EOG, ECG, and task performance indicators) and the cognitive performance. The recognition accuracy and the data efficiency of the proposed assessment system were 91.25% and 96.69% respectively by using the complementarity of different evidences, which were higher than the others using partial information sources. This study can provide a reference for the comprehensive assessment of cognitive performance of human operators in military and industrial domains.

PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF FIRE AND STRIKE CAPABILITIES OF ARMY GROUPS DETERMINATION IN CASE OF FIGHTING WITH ENEMY ARMORED OBJECTS AND IT’S PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

The problem of determining the fire and strike capabilities of army groups in combating (fighting) the enemy's armored objects is formulated, which generally consists in lack of standardized approaches in the military management units and established form of the report. The need for program implementation of a single methodology in a complex of mathematical models and information-calculation tasks is emphasized. A detailed analysis of previous methods was carried out. The main shortcomings of most methods of the Soviet period consist of the lack of combat efficiency coefficients of modern anti-tank weapons and the impossibility of taking into account the presence of various types of enemy tanks and armored fighting vehicles on the battlefield. The main shortcomings of most of the methods developed in the Armed Forces of Ukraine are the replacement of combat effectiveness coefficients of anti-tank weapons with the coefficients of combat potential, separate, fundamentally different approaches to determining the capabilities of artillery anti-tank weapons and the capabilities of anti-tank weapons of tank and mechanized units, inflated, unreliable values of the capabilities of artillery anti-tank weapons etc. A general scheme of calculations for determining the fire and strike capabilities of army groups in fighting enemy armored objects is provided with a detailed description for each stage. The essence of the calculations is to estimate the armored group of the enemy through the number of conventional tanks, to evaluate the fire capabilities of anti-tank weapons to damage enemy armored targets in conventional tanks, to determine the composition of the enemy group, the blow of which can be repelled by the fire of anti-tank weapons in the defense or defeated in the offensive. Keywords: fire and strike capabilities, operational-tactical calculations, fighting enemy armored objects, operation of army groups (forces), fire damage, anti-tank weapon.

A Two-Stage Distributed Task Assignment Algorithm Based on Contract Net Protocol for Multi-UAV Cooperative Reconnaissance Task Reassignment in Dynamic Environments.

Multi-UAV systems have been widely used in reconnaissance, disaster relief, communication, and other fields. However, many dynamic events can cause a partial failure of the original mission during the mission execution process, in which case task reassignment should be carried out. How to reassign resources and tasks in multi-dynamic, multi-target, and multi-constraint events becomes a core issue in the enhancement of combat efficiency. This paper establishes a model of multi-UAV cooperative reconnaissance task reassignment that comprehensively considers various dynamic factors such as UAV performance differences, size of target areas, and time window constraints. Then, a two-stage distributed task assignment algorithm (TS-DTA) is presented to achieve multi-task reassignment in dynamic environments. Finally, this paper verifies the effectiveness of the TS-DTA algorithm through simulation experiments and analyzes its performance through comparative experiments. The experimental results show that the TS-DTA algorithm can efficiently solve the task reassignment problem in dynamic environments while effectively reducing the communication burden of UAV formations.

Discussion on the Evaluation of Equipment System Contribution Rat

The evaluation of equipment system contribution rate is a hot topic in current military equipment research. This article analyzes the current research status, existing controversies, and problems from the perspective of conceptual connotation, and finally proposes the author's thoughts and suggestions. The article believes that understanding the concept of contribution rate of equipment system should fully consider its research purpose. It is a relatively comprehensive concept that includes both the connotation of equipment construction system and equipment combat system. It can be understood and applied from these two perspectives to achieve the research purpose of improving combat efficiency. Finally, it proposes considerations and suggestions for overall top-level design, unified concept definition, and improved theoretical system.

Prediction of firing accuracy of self-propelled antiaircraft gun in marching fire based on GA-BP neural network

The firing efficiency during the marching fire is an important indicator to measure the combat efficiency of self-propelled antiaircraft gun, and it is very important to improve the firing accuracy during the marching fire. In order to understand the coupling mechanism between the firing density and various influencing factors of the self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, this paper combines different driving and shooting conditions to study the factors such as driving speed, road grade, shooting load, the angle of fire and other factors. A method of predicting the firing density of self-propelled anti-aircraft guns during marching is proposed based on the GA-BP neural network. This method not only provides a theoretical basis and indirect measurement for the quantification of the firing density of the self-propelled anti-aircraft guns during the marching, but also has important significance for the distribution and design of the firing accuracy of the self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

Ռազմատեխնիկական քաղաքականության կատարելագործումը որպես պետության պաշտպանունակության ապահովման հանգուցային ուղղություն / Improvement of military-technical policy as a key direction in ensuring the national defense capability

The state’s military-technical policy (MTP) is targeted at the establishment of a scientific, technological and production base for designing and developing Armament, Military and Special Equipment (AMSE). The article suggests a few methodological approaches to the improvement of MTP aimed at ensuring the neutralization of the dangers and threats to the state security, and to national defense capability. In each state the level, quality and choice of the directions in the military-technical policy are to a certain degree influenced by the position the state holds in the world and in the given region, its pretensions, interstate relations, its sci-tech and production engineering capabilities. Nowadays, the significance and impact of different types of uncertainties upon shaping the MTP of large and small states have drastically increased. This is first and foremost stipulated by the consequence that the unipolar model of global dominance gradually fades into the past. Hence, the reconstruction of the world community interaction pattern has its significant impact on the substantiation and selection of the development directions of the means of armed conflict. It is stipulated by largescale changes taking place in numerous spheres. As for the small states’ activity in the direction of the military-technical policy designing and efficiency evaluation, it is noted that those two are connected with essential extra difficulties. That’s why it is necessary to: clearly identify the modern requirements of the armed struggle, the physico-geographical conditions of the given region, the complex of military and military-technical tasks, their correlation, the financial and economic capabilities of the state, etc. It is proposed that a state armament program be drafted with the account of limitations of allocated material, financial, time, human (intellectual) and other resources. More importantly, the evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of the armament program should be carried out on the basis of the methodological provisions of the military-economic analysis, using the “time – costs – effectiveness” criterion. When applying this criterion, the combat efficiency of military formations, the economic efficiency of defense enterprises and the military-economic efficiency of weapon samples and systems should be comprehensively considered. In other words, it is not necessary to strive only for cost reduction, it is necessary to ensure an increase in combat capabilities per unit of cost, subject to the mandatory observance of time and other constraints.

Is drone becoming the new “apparatus of domination”?: Battlefield surveillance in the twenty-first century warfare

The paper looks at the military use of burgeoning technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in designing the visual regime of the drone as a tool for control of combat efficiency in twenty-first-century warfare. The author posits his analysis in critical theory and critical war/military studies with focus on the operationally relevant use of technical properties of the visual regime of drone observed through a wealth of video material uploaded to YouTube and related to the ongoing war in Ukraine. While many analyses delve into the combined practices of intelligence gathering, targeting, and killing aimed at the enemy, the author investigates how recent combat practices unveil the potential for an emerging role of drone surveillance: the scrutinization of combat performance of one?s own soldiers. In the age of a highly professionalized and industrialized warfare, inherent to the politics of military interventionism aimed at maintaining liberal peace across the globe, the shift towards a pervasive control over the combat ?assembly line? reconstitutes technological character of the drone so that it becomes an apparatus of domination. The author concludes that the drone as mobile platform for surveillance displays hidden potentials to reinforce the existing relations of domination and cautions that the advent of nano-drones could socially constitute far more intrusive and intimate control of ground troops.

A mini review on UAV mission planning

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>With the increasing complexity of modern air warfare, an efficient and robust mission planning, which mainly includes task assignment and path planning, becomes the key issue to improve the combat efficiency. This paper reviews recent progress in UAV mission planning. First, basic concepts of UAVs and their mission planning problem are given. And several representative existing mission planning systems are briefly introduced. The constraints and objectives in the task assignment model are reviewed, and the pros and cons of algorithms commonly used are then summarized. After that, the algorithms for path planning are reviewed. Finally, we point out current problems and future research directions. The paper provides a comprehensive review of the field and enables a quick start for those who aim to do related research.</p>

IMMUNO-MODULATORY EFFECTS OF LACTOBACILLUS IN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM INFECTED BROILER CHICKS


 
 
 Lactobacillus is a direct fed microbial which helps to protect organisms against pathogens by discouraging their colonization in intestine. This project had been designed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus in broiler chicken experimentally infected with S. gallinarum. A total of 100 day old chicks divided into 4 equal groups (A, B, C & D) comprising 25 chicks in each group. Birds of groups B and D were infected with S. gallinarum orally at day 19th of age. Group A was kept as control negative and group C and D were supplemented with Lactobacillus. Disease combat efficiency in each group was determined by monitoring weight gains, morbidity & mortality rates, immune parameters and histopathological findings. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was used to compare results by using MSTAT C statistical software. The results revealed that morbidity and mortality rates were more in group B and significantly low in group C (Lactobacillus supplemented) and D (Treatment group). The antibody response was found to be highest in group C followed by group D. Body weight gains and relative organ weight gains were also higher in treated groups with maximum in the group C followed by group D. Histopathology studies revealed that treated groups showed less lesions and untreated infected group showed all classical lesions of the disease. The study concluded that Lactobacillus can be very efficient as probiotic for prophylactic immune-stimulation to replace antibiotics being used irrationally as prophylaxis.
 
 

행위자 기반 모델링을 이용한 유·무인 복합체계의 전투효과 분석

This study tried to suggest implications for effective team composition in the manned-unmanned teaming system by analyzing the effect of the combination of manned and unmanned platforms on the combat effect in the manned-unmanned teaming system. In this study, by changing the ratio of amphibious operation vehicles (KAAV), unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the combat survival rate was calculated in a standard operation scenario using AnyLogic, an agent-based modeling program. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that an appropriate combination is possible to optimize the combat efficiency of the unmanned weapon system, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UGV) and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), compared to the use of the current manned amphibious assault vehicle (KAAV) alone. It is expected that the research results will be a reference for M&S analysis for each stage of weapon system acquisition and establish the operational concept of the manned-unmanned teaming system that will be promoted to foster the advanced science and technology forces pursued by Defense Innovation 4.0.

The Effect of Survivability on the Combat and Military-Economic Efficiency of Military Technical Systems

The Effect of Survivability on the Combat and Military-Economic Efficiency of Military Technical Systems

Cooperative Multi-UAV Task Assignment in Cross-Regional Joint Operations Considering Ammunition Inventory

As combat missions become increasingly complex in both space and time, cross-regional joint operations (CRJO) is becoming an overwhelming trend in modern air warfare. How to allocate resources and missions prior to the operation becomes a central issue to improve the combat efficiency. In this paper, we focus on the cooperative mission planning of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a CRJO. A multi-objective optimization problem is presented with the aim of minimizing the makespan while maximizing the value expectation obtained. Moreover, it is not mandatory for each UAV to return exactly to the base which it takes off. Furthermore, in addition to the constraints commonly found in UAV mission assignment problems, the ammunition inventory at each base is also taken into account. To solve such a problem, we developed an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) with a novel chromosome encoding format. It can determine the number of attacks on a given target based on the expectations obtained, rather than being predetermined. Specifically, an efficient logic-based unlocking mechanism is designed for the crossover and mutation operations in the algorithm. Simulation results show that the developed IGA can efficiently solve the considered problem. Through numerical experimental comparisons, the algorithm proposed in this work is superior to other existing IGA-like algorithms in terms of computational efficiency.

Research on the future of combat robotics on the example of Ukraine

The object of research is the architecture of any combat ground robot in the context of its individual systems and subsystems. The conducted research forms a transparent and clear understanding of the main logical links of a combat robot, individual technologies, and components used in the development and serial production. The paper summarizes the global experience and achievements of combat robotics and provides examples of the example of the development of teams from Ukraine. The mentioned are the main system players in this sector of defense technologies, long-term and productive activity of which resulted in the appearance of the first combat robot units in the armies of the leading countries of the world. The author studied and presented the structural structure of any ground combat robot by the method of deduction and reproduction of functional capabilities. In the context of separate systems or subsystems of a ground combat robot recommendations on the equipment of those or other components, sensors, technologies, or their analogs and other equipment are given. The work summarizes the experience of the head of Robotics Design Bureau LLC (Kyiv, Ukraine), associated with the attention of representatives of foreign companies and government agencies to the Ukrainian developments in this area. The leading idea of the research is the priority development of functions and algorithms of combat robots, associated with the development of vision and autonomous movement systems. Realization of these functions sharply increases the advantages of own combat robots, increases their survivability and combat efficiency, reduces dangers for operators of the equipment. Factors related to the package of impact module subsystems directly affecting the combat effectiveness of a ground robot are presented. Compared to similar known studies on this topic, the research conducted immediately immerses the reader into the practical plane of developing a ground combat robot from the perspective of the engineer-creator, which provides quick basic knowledge and insights and inspires further exploration in this direction.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF KINETIC ENERGY PROJECTILE SABOT STRUCTURE INFLUENCING THE ARMOUR PENETRATION DEPTH. PART II – ANALYSIS OF PROJECTILE DEVELOPING OPTIONS

Numerical calculations were used to investigate influence of sabot structures of kinetic energy projectiles into the armour penetration depth. Areas of sabot structure for possible optimization and the influence of various sabot materials on the projectile combat efficiency were indicated. The analysis was performed using the finite element method in the Solidworks Simulation environment. It allowed examination of dynamic loads the sabot is subjected to at the time of the shot. Impact of various sabot materials and projectile geometry modifications on the strength of penetrator - sabot connection was investigated. Distributions of dynamical loads for penetrator-sabot connections were simulated and visualised. Calculations on terminal ballistics were performed for some options of the structure. It allowed identification of development trends for this type of ammunition.

INCEPTION OF BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI)-BASED STRESS MONITORING SYSTEM (SMS) IN MODERN COMBAT OUTFITS: AN COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

With the progressive advancement in Information and Computer technology, the battlefield scenario is also fetching with more complexity day by day. Therefore, soldiers’ overall stress management system has to turn out to be an inescapable part of combat efficiency. During any military operation, a real-time analysis of varied stress factors that troops usually encounter will certainly facilitate the commanders at all levels in their decision-making process. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop an early prototype of a stress monitoring system named as Soldiers Stress Monitoring System, in abbreviated form SMS. The proposed system incorporates the brain waves and physiological data of (deployed) soldiers to quantity their stress level and assists the higher commander to take the best decision about troops’ deployment (continue/return). The Electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) technology was used to acquire the brain signals, while machine learning was adopted to facilitate the decision-making process for the higher commander. A lightweight evaluation study was also carried out where it has been found that the identified stress factors and the decision assistance procedures of the proposed system were effective and efficient for deciding on the military operation by the higher command. Moreover, the study showed that the Bayes Net algorithm demonstrated a better accuracy of 98.4% followed by the JRip algorithm of 97.5% while categorizing the soldiers’ stress status.

What Good Is Military Strategy? An Analysis of Strategy and Effectiveness in the First Arab-Israeli War

What good is military strategy? According to the scholarship on military effectiveness, the answer is “not much”—strategy does not significantly affect the performance of armies in combat. Strategic theory scholarship disagrees and describes four specific mechanisms linking strategy to military effectiveness: Exploiting weaknesses in the adversary’s strategy; causing psychological dislocation in the enemy commanders; creating a favorable center of gravity and pattern of war; and focusing resources and controlling violence in service of political goals. This essay uses a case study from the southern front of the First Arab-Israeli War to explore how strategy affects military performance. We find that Israeli General Yigal Allon’s military strategy significantly increased the combat efficiency and battlefield performance of the Israeli Defense Force, consistent with the mechanisms suggested by strategic theory. These findings suggest that military strategy is indeed an important determinant of military effectiveness.

RUSSIAN’S PROVING GROUND IN SYRIA

Mission of the Russian Federation Armed Forces in Syria is their biggest foreign military operation of current times. It became a form of evaluation of combat efficiency for different forces and troops. Moreover, the Russian Army could check the newest types of used munitions in combat conditions. Leading a combat operation far beyond the borders of own territory can be used for evaluation of the overall system safeguarding the combat operations theatre, and especially the logistics. What is more, the combat experience acquired by a few dozen thousand soldiers is also a priceless value for the army.

ЭТАПЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ МОДЕЛИ СОВЕТСКОГО ШТУРМОВИКА ИЛ-2 И ПРАКТИКА ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ХОДЕ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article examines formation conditions and development stages of the USSR attack aviation in the period of 1922-1945 by the example of the history of creating the Soviet ground-attack aircraft IL-2. The analysis of technical aspects of aircraft modelling is combined with the analysis of archival data on aircraft combat efficiency, which allows tracing the “flying tank” history from the planning stage to its implementation. The authors conclude that modified IL-2 mostly satisfied modern requirements for this type of weapon and contributed greatly to the victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Воєнно-медична доктрина України як основа медичної складової національної безпеки держави

The article highlights the role and significance of the Military Medical Doctrine of Ukraine, which introduces unified approaches to the formation of a modern medical system of military personnel of all the components of the Defense Forces, based on the principles of a single medical space, in particular regarding the provision of medical care to the wounded, their treatment and rehabilitation. It is accentuated that implementation of its provisions is possible through the development and implementation of the State target program for the development of military health care in Ukraine. It is noted that the implementation of the provisions of the Military Medical Doctrine of Ukraine is ensured by the state authorities empowered by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine as well as by the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. It is assumed that the modern effective system of medical support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations based on the principles of the Military Medical Doctrine of Ukraine will be the basis of the medical component of high combat readiness and combat efficiency ofthetroops and will serve as a reliable guarantee of ensuring the national security of Ukraine.

Operational Effectiveness Evaluation of the Swarming UAVs Combat System Based on a System Dynamics Model

Currently, the new operational tactic of the swarming unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combat is becoming a hotspot in military research, and evaluating the combat efficiency and the roles of UAVs is of vital importance for the future development of UAVs. However, most of the recent studies on the swarming UAVs combat are merely qualitative analyses. This paper proposes an operational effectiveness evaluation method of the swarming UAVs combat system based on a system dynamics (SD) model. The weapons in the combat process are divided into nine subsystems and we build corresponding nine in-trees models using the rate-variable in-trees modeling method. The final SD model is established based on the nine in-trees and the characteristics of swarming UAVs are considered. Taking the surviving rate of UAVs and task completion degree as the evaluation indicators, the model simulation shows that over 50% of the enemy ground targets can be destroyed in 15-time units, although some UAVs may be damaged. It is also confirmed through comparison experiments with other combat patterns that the swarming UAVs play a crucial role in improving the system combat efficiency and can decompose the function of traditional high-value weapon platforms.