Colposcopy-guided Biopsy Research Articles

The Risk of False-Positive Histology According to the Reason for Colposcopy Referral in Cervical Cancer Screening

All cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnoses identified during the New Technologies for Cervical Cancer trial (ISRCTN81678807) were blindly reviewed by 2 pathologists. Original diagnoses based on colposcopy-guided biopsies were compared with those made by the reviewers who had access to all clinical histologic samples (including postsurgical). Cases downgraded from CIN 2+ by the reviewers were considered indicative of unnecessary treatments. The analyses are presented according to the molecular (high-risk human papillomavirus [HPV]) and/or cytologic diagnosis used to refer the women for colposcopy. We reviewed 812 CIN 1 and 364 CIN 2 + diagnoses. The specificity of colposcopy-guided biopsy was 98% and the sensitivity, 84%. The probability of unnecessary treatment was 27% for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytologic findings and 8% for women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse, 10% for HPV+ and positive cytologic findings, and 16% for HPV+ alone. The positive predictive value of the first-level screening test was inversely associated with probability of a histologic false-positive result (P = .015). In screening, a low positive predictive value of the colposcopy-referring test may result in unnecessary treatments.

Influência do uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais orais sobre o número de células de Langerhans em mulheres com captura híbrida negativa para papilomavírus humano

PURPOSE: to study the influence of the use of oral contraceptives (OC) on the number of Langerhans' cells in women without cervical infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS: thirty women who presented abnormal cervical cytology and colposcopy-guided biopsy with samples of uterine cervix negative for HPV were selected. The absence of HPV DNA was confirmed by hybrid capture. Langerhans' cells were identified by immunohistochemistry using anti-S100 antigens. The cells visualized in light microscopy were counted using the Cytoviewer software. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: the average number of Langerhans' cells in OC users was 320.7/mm2 and in non-users 190.7/mm2, this difference being statistically nonsignificant. In the intermediary layer of the cervical epithelium a tendency towards the increase of these cells was observed, with the averages 192.1/mm2 for OC users and 93.4/mm2 for non-users (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the present study reports a tendency towards the increase in the number of the Langerhans' cells among OC users. This result suggests the OC may induce alterations in the number of Langerhans' cells, but considering the limited number of cases, more studies should be developed for a definitive conclusion.

Influence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines

To evaluate the CINtec® PLUS assay (mtm laboratories), a new immunocytochemical method for the simultaneous detection of p16INK4a and Ki-67, in liquid-based cervico-vaginal cytology, investigating the association of the dual staining with HPV infection and genotyping as well as cytological and histological abnormalities.140 women with a cervico-vaginal sample obtained immediately before the colposcopy were enrolled. This cytological sample was used for HPV testing with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, the dual staining with the CINtec® PLUS kit and the morphology assessment.Cytology results were 38 NILM, 16 ASC-US, 32L-SIL, 54H-SIL or worse. 113 patients also had a colposcopy-guided biopsy, classified as 14 negative, 35 CIN1, 24 CIN2, 37 CIN3, 3 invasive SCC. A strong association between p16/Ki-67 and HR-HPV infection was found (COR = 6.86, 95% CI: 1.84–31.14). Importantly, the association between p16/Ki-67 positivity and HPV16 and/or 18 infection was 2-fold stronger compared to that with the infection by other HR-HPV types (COR = 9.92, 95% CI: 2.39–47.77 vs COR = 4.20, 95% CI: 0.99–20.87). In addition, p16/Ki-67 positivity rate significantly increased with the severity of the cytological and histological abnormalities (p < 0.05 in both cases). p16/Ki-67 positivity resulted strongly associated with a CIN2 + diagnosis (COR = 10.86 95% CI: 4.16–29.12).This preliminary study evidenced that p16/Ki-67 immunostaining might have a relevant clinical role, since the dual staining was significantly associated with HR-HPV infection, particularly with HPV 16 and 18, and the increasing grade of the cervical lesions, the positivity for this biomarker being strongly related to the presence of a CIN2 + lesion.

ColposcOpy-Guided Electric Cervical Conization in the Microinvasive Cancer of Cervix

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy-guided biopsy during electric conization and to analyze predictive factors for residual tumor after electric conization in patients with microinvasive cancer of cervix. Methods : We reviewed 104 patients with electric conization performed at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1992 to December 2000. We investigated the significance of the margin state according to using colposcopy or not , age, number of specimen, and lesion size. Result : The results of each method were analyzed with histopathologic findings of the surgical specimen. The resection margin was involved in 13% of patients who received electric conization under colposcopy-guide. This proportion was significantly lower than in patients without colposcopy-guide (48%). The resection margin was involved in 46% of patients aged over 45 years. This proportion was significantly higher than in patients less than 45 years (26%). But number of specimen and lesion size did not influence the resection margin status. Conclusion : These results suggest that colposcopy-guided biopsy seems to be essential during the diagnostic conization of microinvasive cancer of cervix.

Diagnóstico da infecção pelo HPV em lesões do colo do útero em mulheres HIV+: acuidade da histopatologia

Objetivo: comparar a acurácia do estudo histopatológico e da reação em cadeia por polimerase (PCR) no diagnóstico da infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) em lesões do colo uterino de mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos: foram estudadas 52 mulheres soropositivas para o HIV com lesões cervicais clinicamente suspeitas de HPV nas quais se realizou raspado ectocervical para a PCR e biópsia dirigida pela colposcopia, para o estudo histopatológico. As amostras de três pacientes se mostraram sem qualidade para a PCR, reduzindo a população estudada para 49. Resultados: a prevalência de HPV foi de 53% pela histopatologia e de 85,7% pela PCR. Dentre as 42 pacientes com HPV detectado pela PCR, 26 foram confirmadas pela histopatologia (sensibilidade = 61,9%). Esta, por sua vez, não demonstrou nenhum resultado falso-positivo (especificidade = 100%), com predição positiva de 100%. Comparando-se os dois resultados, encontrou-se para a histopatologia: valor preditivo positivo = 100% e valor preditivo negativo = 30,4%. Das 26 pacientes com histopatologia positiva para HPV, 15 (57,6%) apresentaram neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais (NIC). O risco relativo de uma paciente com HPV apresentar NIC foi de 13,3. Conclusão: a histopatologia mostrou 100% de acerto para o diagnóstico de HPV, o que significa dizer que, quando a biópsia for positiva o HPV certamente estará presente, confirmando a suspeita clínica. No entanto, a baixa sensibilidade retira da histopatologia o valor como exame de rastreamento nesse grupo de mulheres.

Freqüência de Neoplasia Intra-epitelial Cervical em Portadoras do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana

Objetivo: verificar a freqüência de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical (NIC) em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos: foram estudadas 99 mulheres HIV-soropositivas; o diagnóstico da infeccão pelo HIV foi realizado por meio de dois testes ELISA, complementados por teste Western blot ou de imunofluorescência indireta. Como grupo controle foram analisadas 104 mulheres que não apresentavam positividade no teste ELISA. Em ambos os grupos o rastreamento de NIC foi realizado por meio da associação de colpocitologia oncológica e colposcopia. Nos casos em que a colposcopia revelou existência de zonas de transformação anormal, o diagnóstico de NIC foi realizado mediante biopsia dirigida, complementada ou não por conização. Resultados: em 15 das 99 pacientes do grupo de estudo (15,2%) foi encontrada neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical, sendo dez casos de NIC I, um de NIC II e quatro de NIC III. Entre as 104 mulheres do grupo controle, quatro (3,8%) eram portadoras de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical, encontrando-se um caso de NIC I e três de NIC III. Conclusão: a análise comparativa dos resultados evidenciou que a freqüência de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical foi significantemente mais elevada entre as pacientes infectadas pelo HIV.

Colposcopic Survey of Papanicolaou Test-Negative Cases With Hyperkeratosis or Parakeratosis

A colposcopic survey was performed in 269 consecutive women with negative cytology showing hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis. A colposcopy-guided biopsy specimen of cervical abnormalities was taken in 88 cases, and human papillomavirus infection (HPV) was detected histologically in 25 cases. No cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was detected. The detection rate of HPV was not significantly different from that observed in a consecutive series of 1073 Papanicolaou test-negative subjects self-referred for colposcopy. Colposcopic screening of subjects showing hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis with otherwise negative smears is not recommended because it does not allow detection of cytologically false-negative CIN.