Colorless Glass Research Articles

Immediate effect of sunlight exposure through blue glass on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Hypertension affects approximately 1.28 billion adults worldwide, driving the search for integrative therapeutic approaches alongside conventional treatments. While chromotherapy, particularly blue light exposure, has historical roots in traditional medicine and its specific impact on blood pressure regulation remains understudied. So, the present study aims to investigate the immediate impact of exposure to blue glass through sunlight on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. This randomized controlled trial was carried out with a sample of 60 hypertensive patients, who were divided into two groups: a study group that received blue glass exposure for 20 min and a control group that received exposure to colourless glass. The primary outcome measures were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation levels. The results of the study revealed statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure (p=0.006) and pulse rate (p=0.005) after the intervention in the study group and no such changes were noted in the control group. The findings of this study suggest that blue glass exposure has a significant impact on reducing blood pressure and pulse rate in hypertensive patients, indicating its potential use as a integrative treatment in the management of hypertension.

An innovative approach towards decolorization of tint and enhancing the optical & physical properties of high iron Na2O–CaO–SiO2 glass by co-doping with Ce4+/Nd3+: An experimental and comparative study

The aim of the research is to manufacture the colourless high iron Na2O–CaO–SiO2 glass with natural local raw materials with high iron content. Chemical and physical decolorizer like CeO2 and Nd2O3 were used in oxidation conditions by maintaining the redox of the melt. The maximum transmittance of colourless glass obtained at 546–562 nm is 91 % with a thickness of 6.5 mm. The addition of polyvalent ions Nd2O3/CeO2 decreases the optical band gap (Eg) and Urbach energy (ΔE) which results in resistance against solarization. Additionally, it also decreases the structural disorder results in high young & shear modulus. Lack of O–H in glass facilitates to retain more Si–O–Si in the glass matrices which enhances the down conversion luminance intensity of Nd3+ from 4I9/2 to 4F5/2 and improves the Far-IR behavior of the glass. Chromaticity diagram revealed that the doped glass has CI value 5416K which is closes to white light emission 5500k. Due to the presences of the Nd2O3/CeO2 and antimony oxide the Refractive index (ng), density (ρ), molar volume (V) and molecular weight of the glass increases. Maintaining the redox of the glass melt and Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio with the chemical and physical decolorizer will help to decolourize the Na2O–CaO–SiO2 glasses with the Fe2O3 content up to 0.3 % with the same methodology.

Provenance of colorless and brown volcanic glass in late Pleistocene tephra layers in the Western Philippine Sea

Provenance of colorless and brown volcanic glass in late Pleistocene tephra layers in the Western Philippine Sea

Reducing the effects of clogging and surface wear on the radiative properties of concrete blocks produced with recycled glass by incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles

ABSTRACT This study aimed to demonstrate how incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles into concrete blocks made with recycled glass mitigates the effects of clogging and surface wear on pavement radiative properties. Using a reference concrete, four variants were formulated: with colourless, green, and amber glass, and a photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. Three accelerated processes were applied to the concrete blocks in field: clogging, wear, and clogging on a worn surface. After each cycle of clogging and/or wear, solar reflectance and thermal emittance were measured to calculate the solar reflectance index (SRI). Surface clogging decreased the SRI for all concrete types, albeit less for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass. SRI decreased with wear until a mean texture depth (MTD) near 0.80 mm, where a stabilisation trend was noted across all concretes. Photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass consistently showed the highest SRI values relative to the MTD. Clogging on worn surfaces indicated superior radiative properties for photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass at surface contamination degree (SCD) values less than 40%. In conclusion, conventional concretes with glass had inferior radiative properties compared to reference concrete. However, photocatalytic concrete with colourless glass showed superior radiative properties, indicating that nano-TiO2 addition reduced clogging and wear effects.

Determination of Crack Resistance of the Cover and Slide Glass by Indentation Method with the Visualization Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Crack resistance of two types of glass was studied – cover glass (0.17 mm thick) and slide glass (2 mm thick) using an improved technique through the use of the probe methods, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the crack resistance of glass. Colorless silicate glass was used. Crack resistance was determined by the Vickers pyramid indentation method. Microstructure of glasses surface and deformation region after indentation were studied using an atomic force microscope. Mechanical properties of glasses were determined by nanoindentation. Surface relief of a glass slide is rougher than that one of a cover glass. Roughness Rz for a cover glass is less than for a slide glass. Specific surface energy value of 0.26 N/m is higher for the slide glass compared to the coverslip. One elastic modulus value E of the cover glass is 48 GPa, and that one of the slide glass is 58 GPa. The microhardness value H is almost the same for by the glasses and amounts to 6.7 GPa for a slide glass and 6.4 GPa for a cover glass. Atomic force microscope images of deformation region after indentation with a Vickers pyramid show that the first cracks appear at a load of 1 N on the slide glass, and at 2 N on the cover glass. At a load of 3 N, the cover glass is destroyed. Based on the results of crack resistance calculations it was found that critical stress intensity coefficient KIC values are 1.42 MPa∙m1/2 for a glass slide, and 1.10 MPa∙m1/2 for a cover glass.

Geochemical variations in early Islamic glass finds from Bukhara (Uzbekistan)

Glass manufacturing processes and recipes changed fundamentally after the 8th century CE. The earlier centralised production system diversified, primary production sites multiplied, and the scale of individual productions contracted. Mineral soda was no longer used and instead replaced by plant ash as the main fluxing agent, affecting the chemical composition and properties of the glass. In this work, LA-ICP-MS and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the compositional and structural characteristics of 68 glass fragments recovered during recent excavations at Bukhara in Uzbekistan, dating to the 9th to early 11th centuries CE. This is the most extensive systematically collected and studied glass assemblage from Central Asia to date. The glass can be attributed to different origins, confirming on the one hand the diversification of glass production during the early Islamic period and, on the other hand, regional variations in the chemical compositions and network structure of soda-rich plant ash glasses. As clear archaeological evidence for early Islamic glass production sites in Central Asia is rare, regional production groups are distinguished primarily on relative concentrations of Mg, K, P, Cl, Li and Cs in relation to the plant ash component, while variabilities in Al, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, Th and REEs and their ratios indicate different silica sources. Raman spectra suggest variations in network connectivity and Qn speciation that confirm compositional groupings and suggest structural differences between regional productions of plant ash glass. The results demonstrate a clear dominance of local or regional glass groups, while revealing the importation of Mesopotamian glass, notably a high-end colourless glass type from the region around Samarra in Iraq. The new analytical data allow further separation and characterisation of novel early Islamic plant-ash glass types and their production areas.

Low cost structured photocatalysts from stereolithography of colorless pharmaceutical glass

The present study is dedicated to the manufacturing of highly porous triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) constructs, fabricated from recycled end of life borosilicate pharmaceutical glass employing masked stereolithography. The structures were prepared from a simple blend of photocurable resin with glass powder (<38 µm). The gyroid model was selected with the porosity varying from 75 to 90%. Hot stage microscopy was applied to examine the glass sintering behaviour to improve the translucency of the 3D scaffolds. The obtained 3D scaffolds were dip-coated with TiO2 and further utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes. The photocatalytic efficiency of the 3D scaffolds was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue in water. It was found that 3D scaffolds coated with TiO2 showed a 40% higher degradation rate in comparison to bare 3D scaffolds under UV irradiation, which determines the significant role of TiO2 in the organic dye degradation. The better efficiency of 3D scaffolds coated with TiO2, compared with uncoated BSG 3D scaffolds is attributed to a better recombination rate, and the migration of electrons to the surface of the scaffold, where the charges participate in the photodecomposition of MB dye. The efficiency of the scaffolds was assessed for five consecutive cycles. The degradation efficiency after the fifth cycle was 75%, confirming the stability of the system.

Colourless Powdered Glass as a Drier for Red Lakes: On the Influence of Composition and Particle Size

ABSTRACT Colourless glass particles are found in oil painting layers from the fifteenth-seventeenth centuries. Several historical sources mention the use of finely ground glass powder as a solid drier. In order to assess the siccative effect of glass particles added to paint, this research focused on red lake reconstructions and followed their natural drying using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Three glasses with different sodium-potassium and manganese contents were studied. Significant differences in drying rates were observed in each of the samples, indicating a relationship between both the composition – either enriched with or without manganese – and the size of the glass particles added as siccatives. This FTIR approach highlights several complex mechanisms involved in the drying effect of glass powders mixed in paint layers.

The role of tin and iron in the production of Spanish copper red glass from the 19th to the 20th century

Little is known about the materials used in the manufacture of red window glass in the 19th and the first decade of the 20th century. Here, we have studied fragments from eight Spanish glasses from the 19th and 20th centuries. The red glasses consist of a single layer of red glass on a colourless glass substrate. The chemical composition, oxidation state, nature of colourants and crystalline precipitates were determined by a selection of microanalytical techniques. In the study, we have found that the red colour of the glass is due to the presence of Cu0 nanoparticles, the red glass layer has lower calcium content than the substrate glasses, which we found favours copper being present in the glass predominantly in Cu+. They also contain tin and iron while lead, described in historical and modern documentation, was absent. Tin must have been added to the glass as a Sn2+ compound and acted as a reducing agent for copper. Iron is also a well-known reducing agent, but does not act as such in the red glasses studied here. However, it may have facilitated the reduction of copper to Cu0 by promoting its incorporation into the glass as Cu+ rather than Cu2+.

Photoluminescent polymer-based smart window reinforced with electrospun glass nanofibres.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was reinforced with electrospun glass nanofibres (EGN) to develop photochromic and afterglow materials such as smart windows and anti-counterfeiting prints. A colourless electrospun glass nanofibres@poly(vinyl chloride) (EGN@PVC) sheet was prepared by physical integration of lanthanide-doped aluminate nanoparticles (LANP). The low concentrations of LANP in the photochromic and photoluminescent EGN@PVC hybrids displayed fluorescence emission with instant reversibility. EGN@PVC with the highest phosphor concentrations showed persistent phosphorescence emission with slow reversibility. Based on the results of the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage Laboratory and luminescence spectroscopy, the translucent EGN@PVC samples became green in the presence of ultraviolet illumination and greenish-yellow in the absence of light. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, the morphological study of EGN and LANP showed diameters of 75-95 and 11-19 nm, respectively. The morphology of the EGN@PVC substrates was studied using SEM, X-ray fluorescence, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechanical characteristics of PVC were enhanced by reinforcement with EGN as a roughening agent. When comparing the scratching resistance of LANP-free substrate to photoluminescent EGN@PVC substrates, it was observed that the latter was much superior. The photoluminescence spectra were reported to have an emission peak at 519 nm when excited at 365 nm. These findings demonstrated that the luminous transparent EGN@PVC composites had improved superhydrophobic and UV-blocking characteristics.

Raw glass and glassworking practices beyond the Roman limes: A case study of the late Roman workshop in Komarov (Middle Dniester, Western Ukraine)

AbstractThe chemical composition of 42 samples of raw glass from the Komarov settlement on the Middle Dniester was studied by means of SEM-EDS, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses. We singled out groups of colourless glass of Levantine and Egyptian origin, the chronology of which indicates that the workshop could be dated to the 4th – early 5th century. The data on the chemical composition of the raw glass do not confirm that glassmaking industry existed here in an earlier period, as was previously believed. The manufacturing in Komarov combines the use of high-quality perfectly decolourized raw glass with intensive use of cullet, which might point out either different levels of the glassware manufactured here, or selective recycling. The characteristic features of the workshop's raw glass supply are the absence of the HIMT glass and late spread of antimony-decolourized glass.

Improving Silica Sand Specifications for Making Colorless Glasses by Using Chemical and Physical Methods

This study was carried out to determine the possibility of reducing the iron oxide ratio in silica sand from Ardhumah, an area, (18) km west of Rutba, a city in Al-Anbar Governorate, to obtain sand specifications appropriate for making colorless glasses (not exceeding 0.02 % iron oxide ratio). The reduction process of iron oxide includes three stages; the first stage is magnetic separation to reduce Fe2O3 from 0.092% to 0.040%, the second stage is re-floatation which has reduced Fe2O3 to 0.024%, finally treatment of the sand output from the first and second stage with diluted HCl or H2SO4, this study showed the possibility of obtaining silica sand with a ratio of Fe2O3 up to 0.016%.

Late antique and early medieval glass from the northern Venetian lagoon: New data from the archaeological site of Jesolo

Accurate microchemical characterisation was performed on a 4th-12th-century repertoire of coloured and colourless glass samples found in the archaeological excavation of Jesolo (ancient Equilus, northern Italy).The research aimed to improve the state-of-the-art knowledge of early medieval glass, through the characterisation of a stratigraphically very well-dated and homogeneous glass collection, further representing a unicum in the area of the western upper Adriatic.A representative sampleset of sixty-seven glass finds -including vessels, windows, tesserae and blocks of raw glass- was investigated by electron microprobe (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). All samples are classified as soda-lime-silica glass made of impure sands and natron. In most cases, glass colour is imparted by iron naturally present in the sands, often counteracted by varying levels of manganese. The collection also includes numerous Co– and Cu-coloured glass. Colourless glass is Mn-decoloured or, to a lesser extent, Mn/Sb-decoloured. The proportion between fresh and recycled glass is almost equal. The provenance investigation has established that while Levantine imports are numerically limited, most materials can be traced back to the Egyptian area. Among the twelve samples assigned to the Levantine area, both Jalame-type and Apollonia-type glass has been identified in an almost equal percentage. Among Egyptian glass, a consistent group of 22 samples has been straightforwardly assigned to the HIMTa and, to a lesser extent, HIMTb groups. Both group 2.1 and 3.2 are clearly attested in almost equal amounts but individually less frequent than HIMT.

Results of the calculation of the absorber temperature in a flat solar air heater

The article discusses a method for calculating the temperature of the solar air heater absorber under conditions of still air in the collector and under conditions of low forced convection. The problem of determining the temperature of the air heater absorber tst is considered for the climatic conditions of Fergana, with a horizontal collector and when solar radiation passes through double glass. It is assumed that over the considered short period of time, the temperature of the absorber is constant and the heat loss through the insulation of the bottom of the collector is negligible. Solar radiation passes through ordinary transparent colorless glass with a reflectance of 8%. Taking into account the losses of the heat flux of solar radiation when passing through glass 1 and 2 by the reflection coefficients K1 and K2, in the first version the Stefan-Boltzmann equation is solved, as a result of which the temperature value of the absorber surface is obtained. In the second variant, the absorber temperatures were obtained taking into account convection.

Стекло могильника Фронтовое 3 в Юго-Западном Крыму: хронология, динамика распространения и производственные центры (по данным химического состава)

The chemical composition of vessel glass from the cemetery of Frontovoe 3 has been studied with SEM-EDS technique. This cemetery, located on the outskirts of Sevastopol (south-western Crimea) and dated from the late first to the early fifth century AD, was completely investigated during the excavation campaign of 2018. The dataset containing 144 samples of colourless, naturally coloured, and purple glass allows for a conclusion that all the glass found at Frontovoe 3 comes from the Egyptian and Levantine glassmaking centres, and the Egyptian glass predominates at all stages of the cemetery. Nevertheless, the chronology of the groups of glass, singled out according to the chemical composition, sometimes differs from their time of distribution in the European provinces of the Roman Empire and the Mediterranean area. In this study the groups have been dated according to the archaeological context (i. e. considering the chronology of the burials with the glass vessels). In the early part of the cemetery four groups have been singled out: Roman blue-green (group 1, late first and second (mostly its first half) centuries); Roman colourless (group 2, second to the mid-third centuries); glass decoloured with antimony (group 3, second and third centuries); “mixed” Sb-Mn glass (group 4, second and third centuries). The colourless glass close to the Levantine I group by composition (group 5, from the mid-third (or slightly earlier) to the mid-fourth century) concentrated in the “transition” zone of the cemetery. The changes in the raw glass supply to the south-western Crimea took place in the fourth, similarly to what happened in the European provinces of the Roman Empire. In the late area of Frontovoe 3, there are glass finds showing the composition close to the series Foy-3.2, Foy 2.1, and HIMT group (groups 6-8), with very few pieces of the HIMT glass. These groups become widespread in the fourth century (possibly, excluding its early period) and existed to the abandonment of the site. The group 9, likely of the “mixed” composition due to the extensive glass recycling, dates from the same period. The selection of forms made of glass of group 4 and their serial occurrence in the burials of Frontovoe 3 implies the extensive use of recycled Mn-Sb glass in the local production (in Chersonese?) from the period synchronous to the early stage of the cemetery. Later on, raw glass of the Levantine (group 5) and Egyptian (groups 6, 7) origin was possibly supplied to Chersonese for the local glass working. In the latest period of the cemetery, the proportion of recycled glass was possibly high, although it is less evident due to the limitations of the SEM-EDS technique.

From Biodeterioration to Creativity: Bioreceptivity of Spruce Pine 87 Glass Batch by Fungi

The bioreceptivity, and the consequent biodeterioration of contemporary glass, used by artists worldwide, was studied. The two main objectives were: first, to verify if fungi with some culture media would produce more damages than the same fungi without a nutritional source, and to verify if the two genera of fungi produce the same damage on the same glass. Colourless glass samples with Spruce Pine 87 Batch (SPB-87) composition were inoculated with two distinct fungal species, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger, separately: (i) half with fungal spores (simulating primary bioreceptivity), and (ii) half with fungi in a small portion of culture media (simulating organic matter that can be deposited on exposed glassworks, i.e., secondary bioreceptivity). The alteration of glass surfaces were analysed by Optical Microscopy, SEM-EDS and µ-Raman. The mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum generated a higher amount of fingerprints, stains and iridescence, whereas Aspergillus niger produced more biopitting and crystals on the glass surface. However, both species damaged the glass to different degrees in 4 and 6 months after the inoculation, producing physico-chemical damage (e.g., iridescence, biopitting), and chemical alterations (e.g., depletion and deposition of elements and crystals). The primary bioreceptivity experiment of glass samples inoculated with Aspergillus niger results in less damage than in the case of secondary bioreceptivity, being almost similar for Penicillium chrysogenum. The new and in-depth understanding of the bioreceptivity and deterioration of post-modern glass art and cultural heritage provided here is of paramount importance for the scientific, conservation and artistic communities—to protect glass cultural materials, or seen by artists as innovative and inspirational ways of creating glass art in the future.

Prestige markers in art: subtle stratagems in material selection for fifteenth-century stained-glass windows

The understanding of the connection between the value of an image and the value of the materials that were used to make it is limited, especially for stained-glass windows. However, such information can bring-to-light how artistic and economic questions were intertwined and how the final artwork depended on the ranking of the materials.With this paper, we aim to illustrate the benefit of combining art historical research with scientific analysis to retrieve the selection of the quality of the materials of stained-glass windows. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the link between the materials and the iconography in order to recover artistic choices and highlight a possible hidden symbolism for a set of window panels, used as a first case-study. Glass quality is investigated according to the following parameters: (1) the glass composition, (2) the glass forming technique, (3) the transparency and hue of the colourless glass, and (4) the rarity and complexity of the colouring technology.The results of our research indicate that the four-studied panels were originally assembled from two different glass compositional groups, K-rich glass and Ca-rich glass, and that specific attention was paid to select only high-quality materials and production techniques for the representation of the characters with higher positions in the religious hierarchy. A very interesting aspect concerns the way the bishop was rendered in one of the panels, because it seems that he actually upgraded his own prestige by requesting the use of specific materials and more attentiveness to his rendering in the panel.By this research, we proposed a first case-study with a non-destructive tool to bring a discussion on the use of different glass qualities in stained glass window. We hope to further encourage such studies on window panels across Western Europe to verify if similar observations can be made.

Material composition and processing technology for quartz-kaolin rocks of the Khodzhakul deposit

This paper describes the material composition and processing technology for quartz sand isolated from the quartz-kaolin rock of the Khodzhakul deposit group located in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The chemical, mineral, and grain-size compositions have been studied for the quartz-kaolin rocks and a processing technology has been developed for the resulting sand. Material composition of the sand was established by X-ray phase analysis after calcination at 900&ndash;1350 &deg;C, as well as using chemical and IR spectroscopic analysis methods. The effect of dilution of the kaolin suspension isolated by decantation has been studied. According to the research results, the best processing values are observed when using Uniflok flocculant and sodium phosphate solution as the dispersant at a ratio of 1.0 : 1.0. An 8-EVSV-16/100 electromagnetic separator was used to study the additional processing of quartz sand in an electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic treatment of the quartz product allows removing up to 78.6 % of iron impurities. Based on the results obtained, a process flow was proposed for the extraction and separation of quartz sand from the original rocks and its additional processing. This process includes hydraulic extraction of the raw materials, primary classification in hydrocyclones, quartz flocculation and washing of kaolin slimes, drying of the quartz product, and dry electromagnetic separation using a roller separator. The process includes process water circulation. The quartz sand obtained using this technology contains 97.8 wt% of SiO2, less than 0.05 wt% of Fe2O3, and 1.20 wt% of Al2O3. The quartz product with the specified composition may be used for the manufacture of colorless transparent glass.

Using UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy as a tool for the detection of iron and cobalt in glass: A case-study on HLLA material from the Low Countries

The early modern period is mainly characterised by High Lime-Low Alkali (HLLA) glass, a lime-rich glass made from plant or tree ashes, originating from 14th-century Germany and later used all over Europe. Attempts to link HLLA chemical subgroups to a particular point in time have failed so far. Driven by a request from the archaeological community, our research group has been exploring the feasibility of UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy as a non-destructive and in-situ applicable analysis technique for more than a decade. The main goal of this research is to provide a better understanding of the subgroups of HLLA glass and their respective dating via non-destructive means. A second topic relates to the role of cobalt as a potential indicator for either the type of applied ashes or for glass recycling.In this paper, we present the UV–Vis-NIR and LA-ICP-MS results of a total of 45 HLLA colourless glass objects or fragments, supplemented with three blue glasses from the 15th to the 17th centuries. First, we observed a correlation between iron and cobalt contents and that these two elements show more elevated concentrations starting from the middle of the 16th century. Different types of sources can be responsible, such as the type of raw materials, the tools employed, and recycling. We hypothesised that both elements were introduced through the wood or plant ashes used as fluxing agent. Then, we noted that the presence of low amounts of cobalt in colourless glass, can be observed through the analysis of the Co2+ absorption bands in the optical spectra down to 18 ppm. Next, we describe an approach to quantify iron and cobalt from the optical spectra and to date HLLA material by means of absorption spectroscopy, a valid, rapid, and non-destructive alternative for laboratory measurements. Finally, we show that the optical parameters (the Ultra-violet Absorption Edge (UVAE), the calculated Fe2+ and total iron contents, and the Co2+ absorption bands characteristics) allow discerning two glass groups: one dating to the end of the 15th-middle of the 16th centuries, and the other to the second half 16th-17th centuries. These results gain valuable information to further resolve the study on recycling, on the influence of the glassmaking tool on the glass batch composition and/or on the selection or treatment of the raw materials in HLLA glass.

Challenges in laser cleaning of cultural heritage stained glass

Abstract Stained-glass windows play an important role in cultural heritage. Human and environmental factors have subjected these pieces to risks of damage. Mechanical and chemical-based cleaning methods have been used for their restoration and conservation. Additionally, short-pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled cleaning and restoration of these important materials. In this work, ultra-short pulsed lasers were used to clean an artificially applied coating from the surface of a contemporary colorless glass frequently used in the restoration of stained-glass windows. One of the objectives was to explore the applicability of using these types of lasers to safely clean historical stained-glass windows. It was observed that temperature rise and subsequent heat accumulation in the coating layer being removed was sufficient to generate significant thermal stresses on the underlying glass surface leading to damages even when the laser energies are lower than the damage thresholds. Some laser treatments that limit this heat accumulation were designed in this study. For laser systems operating at frequencies in the range of several hundreds of kHz, the option was to work in burst mode, limiting the number of pulses in each burst and selecting an adequate time lapse between two consecutive burst runs. A method to uniformly clean a given surface is proposed in this work. When lower frequencies are available, treatments using frequencies lower than 20 kHz are enough to safely clean the glass. When UV laser radiation is used, optical damage is also an important aspect to be considered. In this case, the cleaning protocol has to deal with both issues, to avoid heat accumulation and chemical damage.