Color Quality Research Articles

Influence of dietary replacement of soybean meal with crawfish shell meals on the growth, skin coloration and muscle texture of Oujiang color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color)

An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of crawfish shell meals (Procambarus clarkii, CSM) replacement of soybean meal (SM) on growth, feed utilization, antioxidant response, body color and muscle quality of Oujiang color common carp (3.0 ± 0.5g, Cyprinus carpio var. Color), and to assess the suitable range of CSM replacement of soybean meal and its effects on fish. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to replace SM by equal proportion (1:1, w: w) of CSM at 0, 25, or 50% (designated as CSM0, CSM25, or CSM50, respectively). The results showed that weight gain (WG) as well as hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the CSM25group compared to the CSM0 group. In addition, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in growth performance, feed utilization, skin color, and muscle texture parameters between CSM50 and CSM0 groups, except for the overall ash content, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in CSM50 than CSM0 group. Therefore, it was feasible to replace 50% of SM with CSM in Oujiang color common carp diets without negative effects on serum biochemical indices, antioxidant and immune responses, skin color or muscle texture. These findings suggested that CSM could be a potential alternative protein source in diets of Oujiang color common carp.

A robust approach for balancing the color and light integrity of underwater images

Abstract As light travels under the deep water, it scatters and is absorbed, resulting in a loss of intensity and altered color perception—a phenomenon known as underwater light attenuation. Images captured under these low light conditions suffered from color distortions, as you go deeper, colors fade in this order: red, orange, and yellow, while green and blue become more prominent. The red channel experiences significant attenuation due to the scattering properties of light under the deep water. As a consequence, deep water images often display noticeable color casts. Researchers encounter various challenges when enhancing low-light underwater images, such as reduced contrast, detail loss, artifacts, noise, and color distortion. In this paper, we present a novel Adaptive Color and Light Correction (ACLC) method for color correction and an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Generator (IFG) for enhancing low-light underwater images. The proposed Adaptive Color and Light Correction (ACLC) method tackles color casts on individual pixels by considering the scene depth. The proposed Intuitionistic Fuzzy Generator (IFG) method balances the image contrast by computing an intuitionistic fuzzy image representation using the proposed IFG approach. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach significantly improves the color quality and contrast of the output image. The proposed ACLC and IFG methods exceed existing underwater color correction and low-light image enhancement techniques in visual and quantitative evaluations, as evidenced by extensive experimentation on well-established underwater image datasets, such as UIEB, Ocean dark, and LSUI.

Preparation of Purpurin-Fe2+ Complex Natural Dye and Its Printing Performance on Silk Fabrics.

In order to shorten the process of textile printing with natural dyes, develop new methods, and improve the color fastness and quality of printed products, this study presents a novel approach by synthesizing a natural complex dye through the interaction between purpurin and Fe2+ ions, resulting in a compound named purpurin-Fe2+ (P-Fe). This synthesized complex dye was meticulously characterized using state-of-the-art analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The characterization confirmed the successful complexation of purpurin with Fe2+ ions. The prepared complex dye P-Fe was used for the printing of silk fabric. The optimized printing process involves steaming at a temperature of 100 °C for a duration of 20 min. In comparison to fabrics printed using direct dyes, the K/S values of the fabric printed with the P-Fe complex showed a significant enhancement, with all color fastness ratings achieving grade four. Furthermore, the proportion of metal elements on the white background of the printed fabric was found to be less than 0.180%, and the level of whiteness was above 50. The application of the P-Fe dye in silk fabric printing not only streamlines the printing process but also enhances the depth and speed of the printed color, effectively addressing the issue of color transfer onto a white background, which is commonly associated with natural dyes.

Relative Radiometric Correction Method Based on Temperature Normalization for Jilin1-KF02

The optical remote sensors carried by the Jilin-1 KF02 series satellites have an imaging resolution better than 0.5 m and a width of 150 km. There are radiometric problems, such as stripe noise, vignetting, and inter-slice chromatic aberration, in their raw images. In this paper, a relative radiometric correction method based on temperature normalization is proposed for the response characteristics of sensors and the structural characteristics of optical splicing of Jilin-1 KF02 series satellites cameras. Firstly, a model of temperature effect on sensor output is established to correct the variation of sensor response output digital number (DN) caused by temperature variation during imaging process, and the image is normalized to a uniform temperature reference. Then, the horizontal stripe noise of the image is eliminated by using the sensor scan line and dark pixel information, and the vertical stripe noise of the image is eliminated by using the method of on-orbit histogram statistics. Finally, the method of superposition compensation is used to correct the vignetting area at the edge of the image due to the lack of energy information received by the sensor so as to ensure the consistency of the image in color and image quality. The proposed method is verified by Jilin-1 KF02A on-orbit images. Experimental results show that the image response is uniform, the color is consistent, the average Streak Metrics (SM) is better than 0.1%, Root-Mean-Square Deviation of the Mean Line (RA) and Generalized Noise (GN) are better than 2%, Relative Average Spectral Error (RASE) and Relative Average Spectral Error (ERGAS) are greatly improved, which are better than 5% and 13, respectively, and the relative radiation quality is obviously improved after relative radiation correction.

Effect of different drying temperature settings on the color characteristics of Tencha

Color is critical factor in the commercialization of Matcha. In this study, sensory evaluation, color difference analysis, as well as targeted and non-targeted analyses were employed to investigate the impact of different drying temperature settings on the color characteristics of Tencha. The findings revealed that compared to a single drying temperature setting, a two-stage or multi-stage drying process more effectively preserved the color quality of Tencha. Specifically, a setting involving an initial period of high-temperature drying followed by low-temperature drying (samples T_6, T_7, T_10, and T_13) resulted in superior tea color quality, characterized by higher chlorophyll content and lower levels of lutein and β-carotene. Chemometric analysis identified chlorophylls and their derivatives (chlorophyll a/b, pheophytin a/b, pyropheophytin a/b) as the key factors influencing Tencha's color. These results can provide valuable insights for optimizing tea processing methods to enhance quality.

Quantifying the Effects of Luminous Properties on Human Visual and Non-Visual Responses in Indoor Environments: An Integrative Lighting Network

Artificial lighting is a critical element in indoor environments such as offices, educational facilities, and healthcare settings. However, the dose-response relationships between luminous properties and human responses remain unclear, hindering the scientific determination of lighting parameters in indoor design. This study aims to quantify the impact of luminous properties on human visual and non-visual responses through psychophysical experiments, exploring the correlations and causal relationships between these responses and environmental factors, ultimately establishing a quantitative integrative lighting network. Within the neuroscientific framework of visual and non-visual pathways, this study hypothesizes that 18 luminous properties positively influence five typical human responses: visual preference, visual performance, fatigue, alertness, and emotion. Data were collected from 65 participants (30 males and 35 females) under 28 common indoor lighting conditions by Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), preference scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), d2 Test of Attention, and fatigue scale. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses identified significant luminous properties associated with human responses and developed optimal regression models that explained 58.7% of the variance in visual preference, 75.5% in visual performance, 57.0% in fatigue, 70.2% in alertness, and 59.0% in positive emotion. Further mediation regression analysis revealed the influence of color quality (V1) on alertness was fully mediated by the impact of spectrum on non-visual components (NV), as was the influence of light distribution and illuminance (V2) on emotion. Based on these findings, an integrative lighting network was constructed, providing essential quantitative evidence and guidelines for designing indoor lighting environments to meet diverse functional needs.

Comprehensive analysis reveals the contribution of “rolling-anaerobic” processing to the improved aroma, taste and color of GABA black tea

GABA black tea (GABT), produced by the combination of anaerobic treatment and Chinese traditional black tea processing technology, has a unique flavor and health benefits. However, how to manufacture high-quality GABT efficiently is the major challenge for this area. In this study, a processing improvement of multiple rolling-anaerobic treatment cycle was applied to prepare tailored GABTs, and their comprehensive quality including aroma, taste and color were analyzed. The sensory evaluation results showed that the improvement significantly optimized the overall GABT quality. The accumulation of linalool oxide Ⅰ, citronellol, etc. was the main reason for the superior aroma of tailored GABT, while the dynamic changes of sweet/umami amino acids, catechins and tea pigments played critical roles in the GABT taste and color quality formation during processing. Furthermore, correlation analysis was applied to determine the contribution of various processing steps. These findings provide a novel manufacturing method for high-quality GABT products.

Kualitas Fisik Silase Jerami Jagung (Zea mays) dengan Campuran Indigofera zollingeriana

Corn straw has the potential as a ruminant feed, but is constrained by low crude protein so it must be combined with Indigofera zollingeriana legumes which have high crude protein. The addition of Indigofera zollingeriana at different levels is expected to increase the crude protein of corn straw silage (Zea mays) and is expected to produce good silage quality. This study aims to determine the physical quality of corn straw silage (Zea mays) and Indigofera zollingeriana in different proportions. The variables observed in this study were the percentage of shrinkage, pH value, percentage of moldy silage, fleigh value, and physical quality (color, aroma, and texture). This experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and each treatment was repeated 6 times, so there were 18 experimental units, namely P1 = 80% Corn straw + 15% Indigofera zollingeriana + 4% bran + 1% mineral mixture; P2 = 70% Corn straw + 25% Indigofera zollingeriana + 4% bran + 1% mineral mixture; P3 = 60% Corn straw + 35% Indigofera zollingeriana + 4% bran + 1% mineral mixture. The results of the analysis of variance test showed that corn straw silage (Zea mays) with a mixture of Indigofera zollingeriana had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on the percentage of moldy silage, fleigh value, and physical quality (color, aroma, texture) but had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on the percentage of shrinkage and pH of silage. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the best silage proportion was obtained in the P2 treatment with 70% corn straw + 25% Indigofera zollingeriana + 4% fine bran + 1% mineral mixture, resulting in good quality silage.

Organic-Inorganic Hybridization of Silkworm Cocoon Filaments Using Nano Pastes of Silica-Phosphate-M (M = Cu, Fe, or Al).

Inorganic-organic hybrid biomaterials have recently attracted much attention because of their widespread use. Silkworm cocoon filaments resulting from sericulture as prospective nanobiomaterials need to be improved, and their properties need to be used for broader purposes. This study was aimed at investigating methods for siliconization of silkworm cocoon filaments and characterizing their cocoon filament properties in terms of their yarn quality, natural dyeing, and antibacterial properties. Three methods of hybridization processes were used in this experiment, namely, in situ natural dyeing of silk yarns while silk filaments were spined, feed engineering through spraying the mulberry leaves with natural dyes and silica-phosphate-M (M = Cu, Fe, or Al) nano pastes, and a combination of both methods. The resulting cocoon filaments were characterized by their siliconization of filament fibers by using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS methods. The yarn tensile strength, color quality, color fastness properties affected by the siliconization of silk filament fibers, and antibacterial properties were also investigated. Results showed that the combination method produced better siliconization of silk fibers, and, consequently, the better siliconization of silk fibers produced better natural dyeing as well as antibacterial properties of their resulting silk yarns.

High color rendering index WLEDs enabled by multi-band tuning of InP quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) represent a significant class of fluorescent materials, offering the potential to reduce power consumption and enhance the color rendering index (CRI) of white light-emitting diode (WLED) devices. However, the presence of toxic elements such as Cd and Pb in traditional fluorescent QDs limits their widespread commercial application. Compared to the broad emission characteristics of environmentally friendly AgInS2 and CuInS2 QDs, the narrower linewidth of InP-based core-shell QDs is advantageous for developing WLED devices with a higher CRI. In this study, we employed a multistage heating method to synthesize a series of amino-phosphine-based InP/ZnSe core-shell QDs, which exhibited emission wavelengths ranging from 535 to 650 nm, narrow emission linewidths of 43-47 nm, and high photoluminescence quantum yields of 60%-80%. Subsequently, six different color QDs are used to fabricate a WLED device. The best WLEDs show not only bright warm light (correlated color temperature = 3323 K) with a maximum luminous efficacy of 74.1 lm W-1, but also excellent color quality (CRI Ra = 93, as well as R9 = 94.8, and R13 = 97.1). These results indicate remarkable progress in InP-based WLEDs for high-quality lighting applications.

Topic: Physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties of cricket protein powders produced by microwave-assisted spouted bed drying

The study examined the quality of cricket protein powder (CPP) dried using microwave-assisted spouted bed drying (MSBD) and oven drying (OD). Two types of crickets, Acheta domesticus (AD) and Gryllus bimaculatus (GB), were used. Results showed that MSBD produced CPP with higher protein and mineral content and lower fat compared to OD (p < 0.05). MSBD also enhanced functional qualities like solubility, foaming capacity, emulsion ability, water retention capacity, and digestibility. CPP treated with MSBD exhibited significantly increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). Cricket species also influenced CPP quality. MSBD-produced protein from AD had a lighter color and superior functional qualities, including solubility, foam stability, and protein digestibility. Conversely, GB-produced MSBD protein showed higher protein and calcium levels, as well as better foam capacity. The faster and more even heating of MSBD, along with its shorter drying time, helps preserve heat-sensitive nutrients and bioactive components. This explains the higher quantities of protein, minerals, phenolics, and antioxidants in MSBD samples. Overall, this study shows that MSBD is a promising way to make high-quality protein ingredient from a sustainable insect protein source that have better antioxidant properties and better functionality.

Investigation of structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of NaMn4(PO4)3 (NMP) with fillowite-type structure

We synthesized sodium tetra manganese phosphate, NaMn4(PO4)3, by a solid-state method at a temperature of 900 °C for a duration of 10 h. The application of Rietveld analysis to the PXRD patterns revealed that the sample synthesized show the small amount of the secondary phase (Mn2P2O7). The NaMn4(PO4)3 compound belongs to the trigonal system, namely the R-3 space group. The powder's morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed an average grain size of approximately 7 μm. The powder underwent elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed the uniformity of the sample. Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies reveal the distinctive spectral peaks associated with P-O bonds in the (PO4)3- functional group. The optical bandgap energy of 1.57 eV was calculated using the diffuse reflectance technique with the Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc's relation. The chromatic coordinates of NaMn₄(PO₄)₃ suggest that the sample can generate blue-purple light, rendering it appropriate as a red phosphor in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Integrating this red emission with blue and green light from additional LED components might enhance the overall color quality and efficiency of white light generation. The dielectric properties of NMP exhibited characteristics that were consistent with ionic conductivity. The Nyquist plot displayed a conspicuous semicircle, indicating the presence of a dominant singular process, most probably linked to the bulk grain. The material demonstrates a significant degree of conductivity, with a measured value of around 3.72 × 10–4 S·cm-1 at a temperature of 300 °C.

Research Progress on the Mechanism of the Impact of Myofibrillar Protein Oxidation on the Flavor of Meat Products.

Myofibrillar proteins primarily consist of myosin, actin, myogenin, and actomyosin. These proteins form complex networks within muscle fibers and are crucial to the physical and chemical properties of meat. Additionally, myofibrillar proteins serve as significant substrates for the adsorption of volatile flavor compounds, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and sulfur and nitrogen compounds, which contribute to the overall flavor profile of meat products. A series of chemical reactions occur during the processing, storage, and transportation of meat products. Oxidation is one of the most significant reactions. Oxidative modification can alter the physical and chemical properties of proteins, ultimately impacting the sensory quality of meat products, including flavor, taste, and color. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on the effects of protein oxidation on meat quality and its regulation. This study investigates the impact of myofibrillar protein oxidation on the sensory attributes of meat products by analyzing the oxidation processes and the factors that initiate myofibrillar protein oxidation. Additionally, it explores the control of myofibrillar protein oxidation and its implications on the sensory properties of meat products, providing theoretical insights relevant to meat processing methods and quality control procedures.

Metabolomics analysis reveals the non-enzymatic browning mechanism of green peppers (Piper nigrum L.) during the hot-air drying process

Non-enzymatic browning (NEB) reduced the colour quality of hot-air dried peppers, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This may be related to the degradation of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and polyphenols. The findings revealed that the surface of pepper gradually browned during hot-air drying, with the ΔE⁎ value and browning degree (BD) significantly increasing by 119.4 % and 62.9 %, respectively. However, the total phenol content (TPC) and ascorbic acid content decreased by 74.2 % and 84.3 %, respectively. TPC was negatively correlated with BD (R = −0.86), and its value (31.7 %) was 300 times higher than that of other colour-related components (ascorbic acid, chlorophyll). UPLC-MS/MS analysis further identified 345 polyphenols, among which 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5,7-dihydroxy-3′, 4′, 5′-trimethoxyflavone were the two key monophenols influencing NEB (R = −0.87). The results suggested that NEB pathways involve chlorophyll and ascorbic acid degradation, the Maillard reaction, and polyphenol degradation, with the latter playing a major role.

Impact of Illuminant Metamerism on Colour Fidelity in Graphic Reproduction of Artistic Images

The aim of the research was to to evaluate the quality of illuminant metamerism by using Colour rendering index through similar paintings and half-tone reproduction images within the graphic industry. Employing the methodology of visual perception and testing conducted by standard observers, the study scrutinises how different colour techniques of paintings respond to diverse light sources under standardised conditions. This investigation is pivotal for understanding the chromatic fidelity and consistency of paintings and their reproduction with half-tone colours, by measuring the grey balance field, for all images. To find the most suitable light source and to complete the colour quality, the Osram LED light at 3000 K, 4000 K, and 6500 K is used. The resulting index could be deceptive in cases of significant disparities. The American IES TM-30-18 colour rendering index (CRI) metric, quantifies illumination metamerism's ability to faithfully depict natural colours. At every stage (R1–R15), the average colour reproduction CRI must be more than 90.

Investigations on color quality improvement through laser-induced surface oxidation for coloration

This study focuses on laser-induced oxidation of TC4 alloy surfaces and achieves precise color control on TC4 surfaces at room temperature using laser post-processing. The current research lacks an in-depth understanding of the mechanism responsible for color changes due to the number of processing cycles. This study aims to improve the quality of coloration through secondary processing and establish a color control mechanism based on accumulated energy density. Statistical analyses revealed notable reductions in ΔE, ΔC∗, and Δh∗, indicating enhanced color uniformity. Surface morphology and reflectance data further confirmed these findings, demonstrating the effectiveness of secondary processing in achieving consistent and uniform coloration.

Color detection of printing based on improved superpixel segmentation algorithm

We propose an improved superpixel segmentation algorithm based on visual saliency and color entropy for online color detection in printed products. This method addresses the issues of low accuracy and slow speed in detecting color deviations in print quality control. The improved superpixel segmentation algorithm consists of three main steps: Firstly, simulating human visual perception to obtain visually salient regions of the image, thereby achieving region-based superpixel segmentation. Secondly, adaptively determining the superpixel size within the salient regions using color information entropy. Finally, the superpixel segmentation method is optimized using hue angle distance based on chromaticity, ultimately achieving a region-based adaptive superpixel segmentation algorithm. Color detection of printed products compares the color mean values of post-printing images under the same superpixel labels, outputting labels with color deviations to identify areas of color differences. The experimental results show that the improved superpixel algorithm introduces color phase distance with better segmentation accuracy, and combines it with human visual perception to better reproduce the color information of printed materials. Using the method described in this article for printing color quality inspection can reduce data computation, quickly detect and mark color difference areas, and provide the degree of color deviation.

CAM: a novel aid system to analyse the coloration quality of thick blood smears using image processing and machine learning techniques.

Battling malaria's morbidity and mortality rates demands innovative methods related to malaria diagnosis. Thick blood smears (TBS) are the gold standard for diagnosing malaria, but their coloration quality is dependent on supplies and adherence to standard protocols. Machine learning has been proposed to automate diagnosis, but the impact of smear coloration on parasite detection has not yet been fully explored. To develop Coloration Analysis in Malaria (CAM), an image database containing 600 images was created. The database was randomly divided into training (70%), validation (15%), and test (15%) sets. Nineteen feature vectors were studied based on variances, correlation coefficients, and histograms (specific variables from histograms, full histograms, and principal components from the histograms). The Machine Learning Matlab Toolbox was used to select the best candidate feature vectors and machine learning classifiers. The candidate classifiers were then tuned for validation and tested to ultimately select the best one. This work introduces CAM, a machine learning system designed for automatic TBS image quality analysis. The results demonstrated that the cubic SVM classifier outperformed others in classifying coloration quality in TBS, achieving a true negative rate of 95% and a true positive rate of 97%. An image-based approach was developed to automatically evaluate the coloration quality of TBS. This finding highlights the potential of image-based analysis to assess TBS coloration quality. CAM is intended to function as a supportive tool for analyzing the coloration quality of thick blood smears.

Performance, Egg Quality, and Composition in Isa Brown Laying Hens Fed with Different Levels of Desmodium tortuosum Leaf Flour.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on laying performance, egg quality traits, color, and composition of supplementing a white corn-based diet with Desmodium tortuosum leaf flour. Three hundred 32-week-old hens were distributed to 30 pens of 10 hens each and allocated to six dietary treatments (five replicates per treatment) for 13 weeks. Two control groups of 50 hens received one of either diet Y, based on yellow corn, or diet W, based on white corn. The other groups received a diet based on white corn supplemented with Desmodium tortuosum leaf flour at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% (diet D). Diet D improved laying performance and yolk color at a reduced feed cost per egg but had no effect on cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of Desmodium tortuosum leaf flour, in a white corn-based diet, is effective in lowering feed cost, increasing egg production, and improving yolk color.

Structure development and photoluminescence properties of high-purity greenish-yellow emitting LaGaO3:Dy3+ phosphors

This study investigates the structure development and photoluminescence properties of high-purity greenish-yellow emitting LaGaO3 phosphors doped with dysprosium ions Dy3+. The phosphors were synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase LaGaO3:Dy3+ structure and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform particle size and morphology. The phosphor exhibits the capability of being efficiently excited by ultraviolet 350 nm exhibiting the characteristic greenish-yellow emission with two strong peaks at 478 nm (cyan) and 572 nm (yellow), ascribing to the transitions of 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2, respectively. The electronic transition mechanism is direct exchange interaction between activators, contributing to the concentration quenching. The phosphor was able to retain 67 % of its intensity without significant color change at an elevated temperature up to 25 °C to 150 °C. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the emitted light were calculated and found in the desired greenish-yellow region. The electroluminescence performance of the LaGaO3:0.06Dy3+ phosphor was investigated using 365 nm LED chips to check their applicability in the field of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The synthesized phosphors demonstrated high thermal stability, making them suitable for white-LED applications. The study highlights the potential of LaGaO3:Dy3+ phosphors in enhancing white-LEDs' color quality and efficiency.